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Mechanisms Of Ecosystem Carbon Storage And Stability In Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems
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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems by : Adam C. Von Haden
Download or read book Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems written by Adam C. Von Haden and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expansion of agricultural lands to meet the growing demand for bioenergy crops in the United States will affect terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage. Considering that the reduction of net carbon emissions is a primary goal of biofuels, changes in ecosystem carbon storage will influence the overall efficacy of bioenergy cropping systems (BCS). The overall objective of this research was to better understand the mechanisms of ecosystem carbon change in BCS to make better predictions under land use change scenarios. In a two-year study at Arlington, WI, USA (ARL), the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was more favorable in an annual, continuous no-till maize (Zea mays L). system compared to a perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) system. The NECB difference was most notably attributable to greater aboveground litter return rates, lower autotrophic soil respiration, and lower heterotrophic soil respiration in maize compared to switchgrass. Greater litter return in maize was a function of greater aboveground net primary production and management decisions regarding biomass harvest proportion. Annual growth and maintenance respiration of belowground biomass were higher in switchgrass than maize, which likely reflects differences in relative belowground growth rates and life histories (i.e. perennial vs. annual). Notable seasonal juxtapositions in soil temperature and moisture (soil microclimate) were evident between perennial and annual systems, with annual systems showing more extreme fluctuations, but the differences in soil microclimate did not directly explain the observed contrasts in heterotrophic soil respiration between systems. In a five-year study of maize, switchgrass, prairie, and hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') bioenergy cropping systems, increases in the aggregate-occluded soil organic carbon fraction were observed only in the poplar system at ARL. At Kellogg Biological Station, MI, USA (KBS), a lower fertility site with sandier soils, decreases in the aggregate-occluded fraction were observed in all systems except for poplar. Changes in the aggregate-occluded fraction were related to litter quality and soil clay content. Overall, these results indicate that litter inputs are an important consideration for all BCS and that perennial cropping systems may not always provide carbon storage benefits over annual cropping systems.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems by : Adam Charles von Haden
Download or read book Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems written by Adam Charles von Haden and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expansion of agricultural lands to meet the growing demand for bioenergy crops in the United States will affect terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage. Considering that the reduction of net carbon emissions is a primary goal of biofuels, changes in ecosystem carbon storage will influence the overall efficacy of bioenergy cropping systems (BCS). The overall objective of this research was to better understand the mechanisms of ecosystem carbon change in BCS to make better predictions under land use change scenarios. In a two-year study at Arlington, WI, USA (ARL), the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was more favorable in an annual, continuous no-till maize (Zea mays L). system compared to a perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) system. The NECB difference was most notably attributable to greater aboveground litter return rates, lower autotrophic soil respiration, and lower heterotrophic soil respiration in maize compared to switchgrass. Greater litter return in maize was a function of greater aboveground net primary production and management decisions regarding biomass harvest proportion. Annual growth and maintenance respiration of belowground biomass were higher in switchgrass than maize, which likely reflects differences in relative belowground growth rates and life histories (i.e. perennial vs. annual). Notable seasonal juxtapositions in soil temperature and moisture (soil microclimate) were evident between perennial and annual systems, with annual systems showing more extreme fluctuations, but the differences in soil microclimate did not directly explain the observed contrasts in heterotrophic soil respiration between systems. In a five-year study of maize, switchgrass, prairie, and hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') bioenergy cropping systems, increases in the aggregate-occluded soil organic carbon fraction were observed only in the poplar system at ARL. At Kellogg Biological Station, MI, USA (KBS), a lower fertility site with sandier soils, decreases in the aggregate-occluded fraction were observed in all systems except for poplar. Changes in the aggregate-occluded fraction were related to litter quality and soil clay content. Overall, these results indicate that litter inputs are an important consideration for all BCS and that perennial cropping systems may not always provide carbon storage benefits over annual cropping systems.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484529 Total Pages :511 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Book Synopsis Precision Conservation by : Jorge A. Delgado
Download or read book Precision Conservation written by Jorge A. Delgado and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision conservation is a reality, and we are moving towards improved effectiveness of conservation practices by accounting for temporal and spatial variability within and off field. This is the first book to cover the application of the principles of precision conservation to target conservation practices across fields and watersheds. It has clearly been established that the 21st century will present enormous challenges, from increased yield demands to climate change. Without improved conservation practices it will not be possible to ensure food security and conservation effectiveness. Readers will appreciate the application of the precision conservation concept to increase conservation effectiveness in a variety of contexts, with a focus on recent advances in technology, methods, and improved results. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Services and Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere by : Rattan Lal
Download or read book Ecosystem Services and Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere written by Rattan Lal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological functions and human wellbeing depend on ecosystem services. Among the ecosystem services are provisional (food, feed, fuel, fiber), regulating (carbon sequestration, waste recycling, water cleansing), cultural (aesthetic, recreational, spiritual), and supporting services (soil formation, photosynthesis, nutrient cycling). Many relationships of various degree exist among ecosystem services. Thus, land use and soil management to enhance biospheric carbon sinks for carbon sequestration requires a comprehensive understanding on the effects on ecosystem services. Payments for ecosystem services including carbon pricing must address the relationship between carbon sequestration and ecosystem services to minimize risks of overshoot, and promote sustainable use of land-based carbon sinks for human wellbeing.
Book Synopsis GlobalSoilMap by : Dominique Arrouays
Download or read book GlobalSoilMap written by Dominique Arrouays and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the global spatial soil information system contains contributions that were presented at the 1st GlobalSoilMap conference, held 7-9 October 2013 in Orléans, France. These contributions demonstrate the latest developments in the GlobalSoilMap project and digital soil mapping technology for which the ultimate aim is to produce a high resolution digital spatial soil information system of selected soil properties and their uncertainties for the entire world. GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the global spatial soil information system aims to stimulate capacity building and new incentives to develop full GlobalSoilMap products in all parts of the world.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Ecology by : Brian D. Fath
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ecology written by Brian D. Fath and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 4292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The groundbreaking Encyclopedia of Ecology provides an authoritative and comprehensive coverage of the complete field of ecology, from general to applied. It includes over 500 detailed entries, structured to provide the user with complete coverage of the core knowledge, accessed as intuitively as possible, and heavily cross-referenced. Written by an international team of leading experts, this revolutionary encyclopedia will serve as a one-stop-shop to concise, stand-alone articles to be used as a point of entry for undergraduate students, or as a tool for active researchers looking for the latest information in the field. Entries cover a range of topics, including: Behavioral Ecology Ecological Processes Ecological Modeling Ecological Engineering Ecological Indicators Ecological Informatics Ecosystems Ecotoxicology Evolutionary Ecology General Ecology Global Ecology Human Ecology System Ecology The first reference work to cover all aspects of ecology, from basic to applied Over 500 concise, stand-alone articles are written by prominent leaders in the field Article text is supported by full-color photos, drawings, tables, and other visual material Fully indexed and cross referenced with detailed references for further study Writing level is suited to both the expert and non-expert Available electronically on ScienceDirect shortly upon publication
Book Synopsis Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems by : B. Mohan Kumar
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems written by B. Mohan Kumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree based production systems abound especially in the tropics. Despite the pervasiveness of such multipurpose “trees-outside-forest” resources, they have not attracted adequate attention in the development paradigms of many nation states. These multispecies production systems impact the ecosystem processes favourably. Yet, our understanding of the diversity attributes and carbon dynamics under agroforestry is not adequate. This book focuses on the role of multispecies production systems involving tree and crop species as a means for carbon sequestration and thereby reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Sixteen chapters organized into three broad sections titled: Measurement and Estimation, Agrobiodiversity and Tree Management, and Policy and Socioeconomic Aspects represent a cross section of the opportunities and challenges in current research and emerging issues in harnessing carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems.
Book Synopsis The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change by : David E. Reichle
Download or read book The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change written by David E. Reichle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change: Scaling Ecological Energetics from Organism to the Biosphere, Second Edition examines the global carbon cycle and energy balance of the biosphere, following carbon and energy through increasingly complex levels of metabolism—from cells to ecosystems. Utilizing scientific explanations, analyses of ecosystem functions, extensive references, and cutting-edge examples of energy flow in ecosystems, this is an essential resource to aid in understanding the scientific basis of the role of ecological systems in climate change. Includes new chapters on dynamic properties of the global carbon cycle, climate models and projections, and managing carbon in the global biogeochemical cycle. - Addresses the scientific principles governing carbon fluxes at successive hierarchical levels of organization, from cells to the biosphere - Illustrates - through data and diagrams - the complex processes by which carbon moves in the global biogeochemical cycle - Provides new information on tipping points for climate change and why there are climate deniers
Book Synopsis Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils by : Alessandro Piccolo
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils written by Alessandro Piccolo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation of techniques, methodologies and scientific data arises from a four-year Italian research project, which took place at university research stations in Turin, Piacenza, Naples and Potenza. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) represents an active and essential pool of the total organic carbon on the planet. Consequently, even small changes in this SOM carbon pool may have a significant impact on the concentration of atmospheric CO2. Recent new understanding of the chemical nature of SOM indicates that innovative and sustainable technologies may be applied to sequester carbon in agricultural soils. Overall results of the project have been applied to develop an innovative model for the prediction and description, both quantitatively and qualitatively, of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. This book provides experts in different areas of soil science with a complete picture of the effects of new soil management methods and their potentials for practical application in farm management.
Book Synopsis The Biology of Soil by : Richard Bardgett
Download or read book The Biology of Soil written by Richard Bardgett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-02 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil science has undergone a renaissance with increasing awareness of the importance of soil organisms and below-ground biotic interactions as drivers of community and ecosystem properties.
Book Synopsis Biochar Production for Green Economy by : Shiv Vendra Singh
Download or read book Biochar Production for Green Economy written by Shiv Vendra Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-22 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar Production for Green Economy: Agricultural and Environmental Perspectives addresses the advancements and developments for the efficient diversification of biochar toward achieving improved agricultural and environmental benefits. This comprehensive and cohesive volume is the first to address the potential multi-and transdisciplinary opportunities of effective biochar production and use. Including the potential applicability of not only crop waste biochar but weeds, agroforestry, agroindustry, municipal waste, as well chapters explore surface modified, enriched or tailored biochar for soil amendment, GHGs mitigation, bioremediation of organic, inorganic, metals and other emerging pollutants, as well as soil remediation. It also covers the trending multidisciplinary approaches of nanotechnology, surface chemistry and thermal decomposition advancements being adopted for capacity enhancement and versatile applicability in the field of agriculture, environment science and green energy synthesis. Composition and characteristics of tailored biochar, their interactions, and transformation into the soil and water ecosystem are illustrated. This book is a valuable resource for those pursuing biochar related areas as well as those seeking environmentally sustainable solutions to crop, soil or water issues. - Includes aspects of advancement in pyrolysis techniques to produce cost-effective, high quality pyrolysis products and their multipurpose applications - Highlights biochar's role in boosting the circular bioeconomy, carbon footprint, GHGs mitigation, and environmental sustainability high-quality visual representation - Compiles the trending multidisciplinary approach of nanotechnology, magnetic field, surface tailoring, and engineering for efficient and sustainable development goals
Book Synopsis Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics by : Eric J. Roose
Download or read book Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics written by Eric J. Roose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-09 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete, nonpartisan source of information on this hot agronomic topic available today, this book brings together a diverse group of papers and data to resolve the debate between sedimentologists and soil scientists and agronomists over whether the effects of soil erosion on carbon and atmospheric CO2 is beneficial or destructive. Divided into four sections, it offers data on how soil erosion affects soil, water, and air quality. Topics include mineralization rate, inundation, sediment deposition, and global warming potential, as well as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions, and the implications of soil erosion on the global carbon cycle and carbon budget.
Book Synopsis Litter Decomposition: a Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover by :
Download or read book Litter Decomposition: a Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Litter Decomposition describes one of the most important processes in the biosphere - the decay of organic matter. It focuses on the decomposition process of foliar litter in the terrestrial systems of boreal and temperate forests due to the greater amount of data from those biomes. The availability of several long-term studies from these forest types allows a more in-depth approach to the later stages of decomposition and humus formation. Differences between the decay of woody matter and foliar litter is discussed in detail and a different pattern for decomposition is introduced. While teachers and students in more general subjects will find the most basic information on decomposition processes in this book, scientists and graduate students working on decomposition processes will be entirely satisfied with the more detailed information and the overview of the latest publications on the topic as well as the methodological chapter where practical information on methods useful in decomposition studies can be found. Abundant data sets will serve as an excellent aid in teaching process and will be also of interest to researchers specializing in this field as no thorough database exists at the moment. Provides over 60 tables and 90 figures Offers a conceptual 3-step model describing the different steps of the decomposition process, demonstrating changes in the organic-chemical structure and nutrient contents Includes a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on foliar litter decomposition in natural systems Integrates more traditional knowledge on organic matter decomposition with current problems of environmental pollution, global change, etc. Details contemporary knowledge on organic matter decomposition
Book Synopsis Biochar for Environmental Management by : Dr. Johannes Lehmann
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Dr. Johannes Lehmann and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure, or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process.This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Collapse and Recovery by : Adrian C. Newton
Download or read book Ecosystem Collapse and Recovery written by Adrian C. Newton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how ecosystems can collapse as a result of human activity, and the ecological processes underlying their subsequent recovery.
Book Synopsis Forest Ecosystems by : David A. Perry
Download or read book Forest Ecosystems written by David A. Perry and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fresh, exciting, and more comprehensive than many other texts. Perry introduces a whole new view of forest ecosystems. This will challenge, stimulate, and redefine current understanding and management." -- Michael Amaranthus, U.S. Forest Service
