Mechanism Mentalism And Metamathematics

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Mechanism, Mentalism and Metamathematics

Author : J. Webb
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940157653X
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanism, Mentalism and Metamathematics by : J. Webb

Download or read book Mechanism, Mentalism and Metamathematics written by J. Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grew out of a graduate student paper [261] in which I set down some criticisms of J. R. Lucas' attempt to refute mechanism by means of G6del's theorem. I had made several such abortive attempts myself and had become familiar with their pitfalls, and especially with the double edged nature of incompleteness arguments. My original idea was to model the refutation of mechanism on the almost universally accepted G6delian refutation of Hilbert's formalism, but I kept getting stuck on questions of mathematical philosophy which I found myself having to beg. A thorough study of the foundational works of Hilbert and Bernays finally convinced me that I had all too naively and uncritically bought this refutation of formalism. I did indeed discover points of surprisingly close contact between formalism and mechanism, but also that it was possible to under mine certain strong arguments against these positions precisely by invok ing G6del's and related work. I also began to realize that the Church Turing thesis itself is the principal bastion protecting mechanism, and that G6del's work was perhaps the best thing that ever happened to both mechanism and formalism. I pushed these lines of argument in my dis sertation with the patient help of my readers, Raymond Nelson and Howard Stein. I would especially like to thank the latter for many valuable criticisms of my dissertation as well as some helpful suggestions for reor ganizing it in the direction of the present book.

New Mathematics Education Research and Practice

Author : Jürgen Maasz
Publisher : Sense Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9077874747
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (778 download)

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Book Synopsis New Mathematics Education Research and Practice by : Jürgen Maasz

Download or read book New Mathematics Education Research and Practice written by Jürgen Maasz and published by Sense Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics education research has blossomed into many different areas which we can see in the programmes of the ICME conferences as well as in the various survey articles in the Handbooks. However, all of these lines of research are trying to grapple with a common problem, the complexity of the process of learning mathematics. Although our knowledge of the process is more extensive and deeper despite the fragmented nature of research in this area, there is still a need to overcome this fragmentation and to see learning as one process with different aspects. To overcome this fragmentation, this book identifies six themes: (1) mathematics, culture and society, (2) the structure of mathematics and its influence on the learning process, (3) mathematics learning as a cognitive process, (4) mathematics learning as a social process, (5) affective conditions of the mathematics learning process, (6) new technologies and mathematics learning. This book is addressed to all researchers in mathematic education. It gives an orientation and overview by addressing some carefully chosen questions on what is going on and what are the main results and questions what are important books or papers if further information is needed.

Mechanism, Mentalism and Metamathematics

Author : J. Webb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401576543
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (765 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanism, Mentalism and Metamathematics by : J. Webb

Download or read book Mechanism, Mentalism and Metamathematics written by J. Webb and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mechanism, Mentalism, and Metamathematics

Author : Judson Chambers Webb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanism, Mentalism, and Metamathematics by : Judson Chambers Webb

Download or read book Mechanism, Mentalism, and Metamathematics written by Judson Chambers Webb and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers

Author : Stuart Brown
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134927959
Total Pages : 984 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers by : Stuart Brown

Download or read book Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers written by Stuart Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Biographical Dictionary provides detailed accounts of the lives, works, influence and reception of thinkers from all the major philosophical schools and traditions of the twentieth-century. This unique volume covers the lives and careers of thinkers from all areas of philosophy - from analytic philosophy to Zen and from formal logic to aesthetics. All the major figures of philosophy, such as Nietzsche, Wittgenstein and Russell are examined and analysed. The scope of the work is not merely restricted to the major figures in western philosophy but also covers in depth a significant number of thinkers from the near and far east and from the non-European Hispanic-language communities. The Biographical Dictionary also includes a number of general entries dealing with important schools of philosophy, such as the Vienna Circle, or currents of thought, such as vitalism. These allow the reader to set the individual biographies in the context of the philosophical history of the period. With entries written by over 100 leading philosophy scholars, the Biographical Dictionary is the most comprehensive survey of twentieth-century thinkers to date. Structure The book is structured alphabetically by philosopher. Each entry is identically structured for ease of access and covers: * nationality * dates and places of birth and death * philosophical style or school * areas of interest * higher education * significant influences * main appointments * main publications * secondary literature * account of intellectual development and main ideas * critical reception and impact At the end of the book a glossary gives accounts of the schools, movements and traditions to which these philosophers belonged, and thorough indexes enable the reader to access the information in several ways: * by nationality * by major areas of contribution to philosophy e.g. aesthetics * by major influences on the thinker concerned e.g. Plato, Kant, Wittgenstein

Language and Philosophical Problems

Author : Sören Stenlund
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134952244
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Philosophical Problems by : Sören Stenlund

Download or read book Language and Philosophical Problems written by Sören Stenlund and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language and Philosophical Problems investigates problems about mind, meaning and mathematics rooted in preconceptions of language. It deals in particular with problems which are connected with our tendency to be misled by certain prevailing views and preconceptions about language. Philosophical claims made by theorists of meaning are scrutinized and shown to be connected with common views about the nature of certain mathematical notions and methods. Drawing in particular on Wittgenstein's ideas, Sren Stenlund demonstrates a strategy for tracing out and resolving conceptual and philosophical problems. By a critical examination of examples from different areas of philosophy, he shows that many problems arise through the transgression of the limits of the use of technical concepts and formal methods. Many prima facie different kinds of problems are shown to have common roots, and should thus be dealt and resolved together. Such an approach is usually prevented by the influence of traditional philosophical terminology and classification. The results of this investigation make it clear that the received ways of subdividing the subject matter of philosophy often conceal the roots of the problem.

Reflections on Kurt Gödel

Author : Hao Wang
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262730877
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Reflections on Kurt Gödel by : Hao Wang

Download or read book Reflections on Kurt Gödel written by Hao Wang and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990-03-14 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newton/Descartes. Einstein/Gödel. The seventeenth century had its scientific and philosophical geniuses. Why shouldn't ours have them as well? Kurt Gödel was indisputably one of the greatest thinkers of our time, and in this first extended treatment of his life and work, Hao Wang, who was in close contact with Gödel in his last years, brings out the full subtlety of Gödel's ideas and their connection with grand themes in the history of mathematics and philosophy. The subjects he covers include the completeness of elementary logic, the limits of formalization, the problem of evidence, the concept of set, the philosophy of mathematics, time, and relativity theory, metaphysics and religion, as well as general ideas on philosophy as a worldview. Wang, whose reflections on his colleague also serve to clarify his own philosophical thoughts, distinguishes his ideas from those of Gödel's and on points of agreement develops Gödel's views further. The book provides a generous array of information on and interpretation of the two main phases of Gödel's career - the years between 1924 and 1939 at the University of Vienna, which were marked by intense mathematical creativity, and the period from 1940 to his death in 1978, during which he was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, a time in which Gödel's interests steadily shifted from questions of logic to metaphysics. And it also examines Gödel's relations with the Vienna Circle, his philosophical differences with Carnap and Wittgenstein, the intimate and mutually fruitful friendship with Einstein, and the periodic bouts of depression for which Gödel was hospitalized a number of times over the course of his life. A Bradford Book.

Reality Rules, The Fundamentals

Author : John Casti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471184355
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Reality Rules, The Fundamentals by : John Casti

Download or read book Reality Rules, The Fundamentals written by John Casti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-03-27 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die beiden ursprünglich 1992 veröffentlichten Bände liegen nun in zusammengefaßter Paperback-Form vor. Reality Rules beleuchten die Syntax und die Semantik der Sprache, in der mathematische Modellierungsregeln niedergelegt werden. Eine Vielzahl von Beispielen zeigt praktische Anwendungen auf; auch ein Lösungsband zur Unterstützung des Selbststudiums ist erhältlich.

The Politics of Logic

Author : Paul Livingston
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113665674X
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Logic by : Paul Livingston

Download or read book The Politics of Logic written by Paul Livingston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Livingston develops the political implications of formal results obtained over the course of the twentieth century in set theory, metalogic, and computational theory. He argues that the results achieved by thinkers such as Cantor, Russell, Godel, Turing, and Cohen, even when they suggest inherent paradoxes and limitations to the structuring capacities of language or symbolic thought, have far-reaching implications for understanding the nature of political communities and their development and transformation. Alain Badiou's analysis of logical-mathematical structures forms the backbone of his comprehensive and provocative theory of ontology, politics, and the possibilities of radical change. Through interpretive readings of Badiou's work as well as the texts of Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, and Ludwig Wittgenstein, Livingston develops a formally based taxonomy of critical positions on the nature and structure of political communities. These readings, along with readings of Parmenides and Plato, show how the formal results can transfigure two interrelated and ancient problems of the One and the Many: the problem of the relationship of a Form or Idea to the many of its participants, and the problem of the relationship of a social whole to its many constituents.

Thermodynamics And Statistical Physics: Teaching Modern Physics - Proceedings Of The 4th Iupap Teaching Modern Physics Conference

Author : Manuel G Velarde
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814548669
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermodynamics And Statistical Physics: Teaching Modern Physics - Proceedings Of The 4th Iupap Teaching Modern Physics Conference by : Manuel G Velarde

Download or read book Thermodynamics And Statistical Physics: Teaching Modern Physics - Proceedings Of The 4th Iupap Teaching Modern Physics Conference written by Manuel G Velarde and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-10-31 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings comprise the invited lectures and an edited sampling of few other contributions to the 4th Teaching Modern Physics Conference held in Badajoz (Spain) on July 1992, devoted to THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS: CRITICAL PHENOMENA, PHASE TRANSITIONS, NONLINEAR EVOLUTION, FRACTALS, COMPLEXITY,… COMPUTER SIMULATIONS forms the core of the contents.

The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy

Author : Michael Beaney
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191662674
Total Pages : 2500 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy by : Michael Beaney

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy written by Michael Beaney and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 2500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the course of the twentieth century, analytic philosophy developed into the dominant philosophical tradition in the English-speaking world. In the last two decades, it has become increasingly influential in the rest of the world, from continental Europe to Latin America and Asia. At the same time there has been deepening interest in the origins and history of analytic philosophy, as analytic philosophers examine the foundations of their tradition and question many of the assumptions of their predecessors. This has led to greater historical self-consciousness among analytic philosophers and more scholarly work on the historical contexts in which analytic philosophy developed. This historical turn in analytic philosophy has been gathering pace since the 1990s, and the present volume is the most comprehensive collection of essays to date on the history of analytic philosophy. It contains state-of-the-art contributions from many of the leading scholars in the field, all of the contributions specially commissioned. The introductory essays discuss the nature and historiography of analytic philosophy, accompanied by a detailed chronology and bibliography. Part One elucidates the origins of analytic philosophy, with special emphasis on the work of Frege, Russell, Moore, and Wittgenstein. Part Two explains the development of analytic philosophy, from Oxford realism and logical positivism to the most recent work in analytic philosophy, and includes essays on ethics, aesthetics, and political philosophy as well as on the areas usually seen as central to analytic philosophy, such as philosophy of language and mind. Part Three explores certain key themes in the history of analytic philosophy.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms

Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192636049
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurocognitive Mechanisms by : Gualtiero Piccinini

Download or read book Neurocognitive Mechanisms written by Gualtiero Piccinini and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Neurocognitive Mechanisms Gualtiero Piccinini presents the most systematic, rigorous, and comprehensive philosophical defence to date of the computational theory of cognition. His view posits that cognition involves neural computation within multilevel neurocognitive mechanisms, and includes novel ideas about ontology, functions, neural representation, neural computation, and consciousness. He begins by defending an ontologically egalitarian account of composition and realization, according to which all levels are equally real. He then explicates multiple realizability and mechanisms within this ontologically egalitarian framework, defends a goal-contribution account of teleological functions, and defends a mechanistic version of functionalism. This provides the foundation for a mechanistic account of computation, which in turn clarifies the ways in which the computational theory of cognition is a multilevel mechanistic theory supported by contemporary cognitive neuroscience. Piccinini argues that cognition is computational at least in a generic sense. He defends the computational theory of cognition from standard objections, yet also rebuts putative a priori arguments. He contends that the typical vehicles of neural computations are representations, and that, contrary to the received view, the representations posited by the computational theory of cognition are observable and manipulatable in the laboratory. He also contends that neural computations are neither digital nor analog; instead, neural computations are sui generis. He concludes by investigating the relation between computation and consciousness, suggesting that consciousness may be a functional phenomenon without being computational in nature. This book will be of interest to philosophers of cognitive science as well as neuroscientists.

Nature and the Artificial

Author : Edward Engelmann
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498538851
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature and the Artificial by : Edward Engelmann

Download or read book Nature and the Artificial written by Edward Engelmann and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years now much attention has been given to the phenomenon of the artificial. Speculation regarding “what is real?” abounds in the sciences, literature, as well as films and other visual arts. This work presents the first critical, sustained, philosophical study on this topic. Nature and the Artificial: Aristotelian Reflections on the Operative Imperative reveals the inner logic of the artificial by reflecting it off the metaphysical relationship between nature and techne as conceived by Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. During early modernity, figures such as Descartes and Bacon transformed this understanding, giving rise to the notion of the “operative imperative.” Nature and techne, for the Aristotelian tradition and for us, can only be understood in terms of their dialectical relationship to one another. Aristotle articulates this relationship with the phrase “techne imitates nature.” With the operative imperative, however, a certain reversal takes place, whereby techne becomes the paradigm for nature. As Ed Engelmann demonstrates, the operative imperative, together with the phenomenon of the artificial it implies, stands to Aristotelian metaphysics of nature as image is to original. Anyone who believes that the rise of the artificial in our civilization needs the intensive study it deserves—as well as those who are seeking innovative insights into Aristotelian tradition—will want to read this book.

Computation, Logic, Philosophy

Author : Wang Hao
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400923562
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation, Logic, Philosophy by : Wang Hao

Download or read book Computation, Logic, Philosophy written by Wang Hao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ~Et moi ... si j'avait su comment en revenir, One service mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point alle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non· The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense'. Eric T. Bell able to do something with it. O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.

Artificial Intelligence and Literary Creativity

Author : Selmer Bringsjord
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135692459
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence and Literary Creativity by : Selmer Bringsjord

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and Literary Creativity written by Selmer Bringsjord and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-09-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is human creativity a wall that AI can never scale? Many people are happy to admit that experts in many domains can be matched by either knowledge-based or sub-symbolic systems, but even some AI researchers harbor the hope that when it comes to feats of sheer brilliance, mind over machine is an unalterable fact. In this book, the authors push AI toward a time when machines can autonomously write not just humdrum stories of the sort seen for years in AI, but first-rate fiction thought to be the province of human genius. It reports on five years of effort devoted to building a story generator--the BRUTUS.1 system. This book was written for three general reasons. The first theoretical reason for investing time, money, and talent in the quest for a truly creative machine is to work toward an answer to the question of whether we ourselves are machines. The second theoretical reason is to silence those who believe that logic is forever closed off from the emotional world of creativity. The practical rationale for this endeavor, and the third reason, is that machines able to work alongside humans in arenas calling for creativity will have incalculable worth.

Revolutionary Changes in Understanding Man and Society

Author : Johann Götschl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401103690
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolutionary Changes in Understanding Man and Society by : Johann Götschl

Download or read book Revolutionary Changes in Understanding Man and Society written by Johann Götschl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: JOHANN GOTSCHL Over the last decades, social philosophers, economists. sociologists, utility and game theorists, biologists, mathematicians, moral philosophers and philosophers have created totally new concepts and methods of understanding the function and role of humans in their modern societies. The years between 1953 and 1990 brought drastic changes in the scientific foundations and dynamic of today's society. A burst of entirely new, revolutionary ideas, similar to those which heralded the beginning of the twentieth century in physics, dominates the picture. This book also discusses the ongoing refutation of old concepts in the social sciences. Some of them are: the traditional concepts ofrationality, for example, based on maximization of interests, the linearity of axiomatic methods, methodological individualism, and the concept of a static society. Today the revolutionary change from a static view of our society to an evolutionary one reverberates through all social sciences and will dominate the twenty-first century. In an uncertain and risky world where cooperation and teamwork is getting more and more important, one cannot any longer call the maximization of one's own expectations of utility or interests "rational" .

Computing and Philosophy in Asia

Author : Soraj Hongladarom
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443807435
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Computing and Philosophy in Asia by : Soraj Hongladarom

Download or read book Computing and Philosophy in Asia written by Soraj Hongladarom and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of selected papers presented at the Second Asia-Pacific Computing and Philsosophy Conference, which was held in Bangkok, Thailand in January 2005. The conference was organized by the Center for Ethics of Science and Technology, Chulalongkorn University on behalf of the International Association of Computing and Philosophy (www.ia-cap.org). Computing have had a long relationship with philosophy, starting from the problem of how symbols being manipulated in computing bear a relation to the outside world, to those of artificial intelligence, robotics, computer simulation, and so on. Moreover, as computer technologies have become thoroughly pervasive in today's environment, there are also issues concerning social and ethical impacts brought about by them. The papers in the volume represent a wide variety of concerns and various dimensions within which computing and philosophy are related. Furthermore, it also represents some of the first attempts to highlight cultural dimensions of computing and philosophy, which became prominent when the conference was held for the first time within the milieu of an Asian culture. (The First Asia-Pacific Computing and Philosophy was held in Canberra, Australia.) Hence, many of the papers in the volume address this added dimension. Apart form the usual problems of how computers and human lives are interconnected, the papers here also discuss how computers are related to human lives as lived in a specific culture. Thus the book breaks a new ground and should be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students who are interested, not only on computing and philosophy generally construed, but also on this exciting new dimension of how the cultures of Asia, the West, and others bear upon the traditional issues in computing and philosophy, and on how this dimension raises some new concerns and agenda. Among the topics discussed in this volume are: political online forums in Saudi Arabia, e-democracy and structural transformation of public sphere, the Buddhist informational person, a glance into the lives of computerized generation in Thailand, technology and journalism in the market, local approaches and global potential (?) of information ethics, computer-enhanced good life, computer teaching ethics, and many others.