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Mechanical Properties Of Boron Carbide B4c
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Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide (B4C) by : Ruslan Kuliiev
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide (B4C) written by Ruslan Kuliiev and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the most important opaque boride ceramics that has high hardness and Young’s modulus that along with low density lead to a significant resistance to ballistic impact and, thus, B4C is broadly used as a protective material. B4C has also high neutron capturing cross section; therefore, it is used as control rods and neutron absorption shielding in nuclear reactors. In this work thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of dense B4C ceramics (99%) sintered using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) were investigated. The Young’s modulus of B4C measured by three different techniques -- IE, RUS, and nanoindentation showed a very good overlap in values, which ranges from 419.2 ± 47.3 GPa for nanoindentation to 458.7 GPa for RUS measurements at room temperature. The mean contact pressure-contact depth plots obtained from load-displacement nanoindentation data indicated pop-in events during loading and an “elbow” event during unloading, both of which are indicative of possible structural changes in B4C structure during nanoindentation. The appearance of “elbow” deviations in load-displacement nanoindentation curves of B4C was detected for the first time. The 4-point bending strength of the B4C ceramics was equal to 585±70 MPa with Weibull parameter of 9.9 and scale parameter equal to 611 MPa. The biaxial strength of B4C was measured to be much lower and equal to 238.6±122 MPa with Weibull parameters of 2.2 and scale parameter equal to 271 MPa. To the best of our knowledge the biaxial strength of B4C was also measured for the first time. In this work it was determined that failure of B4C occurred by fully transgranular fracture, with no intergranular failure present on fracture surface. B4C’s fracture toughness K[subscript lc] = 3±0.19 MPa x m[superscript 1/2] was measured using SEVNB technique, which is similar to previously reported values.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of Particulate-reinforced Boron Carbide Composites by : Lorenzo W. Hankla
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of Particulate-reinforced Boron Carbide Composites written by Lorenzo W. Hankla and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The mechanical properties of boron carbide 4C) with 10 and 20 vol% particulate inclusions of commercially available nano-sized alpha-phase silicon carbide (�ł-SiC) or micron-sized titanium diboride (TiB2) were investigated so as to produce a fine-grained material with high hardness, toughness, and overall strength in order to increase the effectiveness of B4C as a structural ceramic, whose use in the field has been limited because of the extreme brittle nature of the material. Full density sintering of the ceramics (+ [or] -99% theoretical) was completed using the novel Plasma Pressure Compaction (P2C℗ʼ) technique, which limited grain growth due to a reduced processing temperature and a significantly reduced consolidation time. The reinforced ceramic composites had particulate grains homogeneously distributed within the B4C matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the constituents did not interdiffuse. The four-point flexure strength for the monolithic B4C ceramic was found to be significantly larger than any recorded value found in scientific literature, and was most likely attributed to the fine-grained microstructure resulting from the P2C℗ʼ processing. The mechanical properties of the nano-sized �ł-SiC-B4C ceramics showed a slight increase in the Chevron-notched four-point bend fracture toughness due to the crack deflection toughening mechanism. A slight decrease in the Vickers microhardness and the static elastic modulus values were also observed. A significant increase in the fracture toughness as well as a slight increase in the microhardness and elastic modulus of the micron-sized TiB2-B4C materials was found. The toughening mechanism of this composite was attributed to the slight chemical bond between the B4C matrix and the ultra-small, ultra-tough TiB2 particulates, which forced a propagating crack to completely rip apart the TiB2 reinforcing particles. This cleaving nature resulted in significant amounts of energy being absorbed by the micron-sized particulates. It was concluded that the composite with 20 vol% TiB2 allowed for the largest gain in toughness because it possessed the largest number of ultra small, ultra tough particulate-cracktip interactions.
Book Synopsis Boron and Refractory Borides by : G.V. Samsonov
Download or read book Boron and Refractory Borides written by G.V. Samsonov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V. I. MATKOVICH During the meeting of the International Symposium on Boron held in October, 1972 in Tbilisi, U.S.S.R., the idea was proposed to assemble a review of boron and refractory borides by the specialists present. The advantages of such a work were immediately apparent. Such diverse applications of borides as in protective armor, nuclear reactors, coat ings, reinforcement, etc. can hardly all be presented in sufficient detail by a single author. On the other hand it was also recognized that with so much specialization, some areas of interest may not be covered. Within the last decade or two a number of areas have been developed in which the use of refractory borides is growing and improvements are being actively explored. Thus, a number of borides have considerable potential as reinforcing material for plastics or light metals, though only boron fibers have been firmly established up to the present. Ap plication of flakes and films for two-dimensional reinforcement appears attractive, although the high cost of materials and development repre sents a considerable barrier. A number of borides have been used to manufacture lightweight protec tive armor. In this area relatively fast changes seem to be taking place as improvements in performance and weight are made. Boron carbide has found considerable use in this application and new developments exploit the light weight of beryllium borides.
Download or read book Boron-Rich Solids written by David Emin and published by AIP Conference Proceedings (Nu. This book was released on 1991 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Machining of Hard Materials by : J. Paulo Davim
Download or read book Machining of Hard Materials written by J. Paulo Davim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-24 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard machining is a relatively recent technology that can be defined as a machining operation, using tools with geometrically defined cutting edges, of a work piece that has hardness values typically in the 45-70HRc range. This operation always presents the challenge of selecting a cutting tool insert that facilitates high-precision machining of the component, but it presents several advantages when compared with the traditional methodology based in finish grinding operations after heat treatment of work pieces. Machining of Hard Materials aims to provide the reader with the fundamentals and recent advances in the field of hard machining of materials. All the chapters are written by international experts in this important field of research. They cover topics such as: • advanced cutting tools for the machining of hard materials; • the mechanics of cutting and chip formation; • surface integrity; • modelling and simulation; and • computational methods and optimization. Machining of Hard Materials can serve as a useful reference for academics, manufacturing and materials researchers, manufacturing and mechanical engineers, and professionals in machining and related industries. It can also be used as a text for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate students studying mechanical engineering, manufacturing, or materials.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties of PECVD Boron Carbide by : Dhairyashil U. Aher
Download or read book Mechanical Properties of PECVD Boron Carbide written by Dhairyashil U. Aher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Boron Carbide by : Kolan Madhav Reddy
Download or read book Boron Carbide written by Kolan Madhav Reddy and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-04 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron carbide is a superhard and lightweight ceramic material. As a result of these characteristics, it used as a protective component in bulletproof vests, tank armour and also has many other industrial applications (eg: tooling, abrasives). Research on boron carbide remains active given a long-standing challenge to understand its complex failure behavior in extreme environments owing to its unique microstructure and mechanical properties, where many current efforts are underway to improve its behavior through microstructure alteration via additives that form secondary phases, chemical doping, and altering the chemical composition of the boron-to-carbon ratio in the crystal structure. This book covers some of the key challenges involving boron carbide that are currently being studied by many materials scientists and ceramists. The authors who are active in this research field have prepared the chapters for this book and specific topics covered highlight the state-of-the art research in structure, processing, properties and applications. The organization of the book is designed to provide an easy understanding for students and professionals interested in advanced material for novel applications.
Book Synopsis The Science of Armour Materials by : Ian Crouch
Download or read book The Science of Armour Materials written by Ian Crouch and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Armour Materials comprehensively covers the range of armor materials from steels and light alloys, through glasses and ceramics, to fibers, textiles, and protective apparel. The book also discusses aspects of analytical and numerical modeling, as well as laboratory-based high-strain rate testing and ballistic testing methodologies. Each chapter is written from an international perspective, including reviews of the current global literature, and incorporates case studies that focus upon real life applications, research outcomes, and lessons learned. The threat spectrum is restricted to small arms ammunition, high velocity fragments, and stab and spike attacks, as well as blast loadings. Features input from an editor who is an expert in his field: Dr. Ian Crouch, the author of over 80 publications in his field, with three patents to his name Provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of armor materials, modeling, and testing Offers a cross-disciplinary approach that brings together expertise in materials science and defense engineering Discusses aspects of analytical and numerical modeling, as well as laboratory-based high-strain rate testing and ballistic testing methodologies
Book Synopsis The Physics and Chemistry of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides by : R. Freer
Download or read book The Physics and Chemistry of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides written by R. Freer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbides, nitrides and borides are families of related refractory materials. Traditionally they have been employed in applications associated with engineering ceramics where either high temperature strength or stability is of primary importance. In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the interesting electrical, thermal and optical properties exhibited by these materials, and the fact that many can be prepared as monolithic ceramics, single crystals and thin films. In practical terms carbides, nitrides and borides offer the prospect of a new generation of semiconductor materials, for example, which can function at very high temperatures in severe environmental conditions. However, as yet, we have only a limited understanding of the detailed physics and chemistry of the materials and how the preparation techniques influence the properties. Under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was held on the Physics and Chemistry of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides (University of Manchester, 18-22 September, 1989) in order to assess progress to date and identify the most promising themes and materials for future research. An international group of 38 scientists considered developments in 5 main areas: The preparation of powders, monolithic ceramics, single crystals and thin films; Phase transformations, microstructure, defect structure and mass transport; Materials stability; Theoretical studies; Electrical, thermal and optical properties of bulk materials and thin films.
Book Synopsis Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) by : Pulak M. Pandey
Download or read book Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) written by Pulak M. Pandey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and study of functionally graded materials (FGMs) have intrigued researchers over the last few decades. Their application has the capability to produce parts with unmatched properties which are virtually impossible to obtain via conventional material routes. This book addresses various FGM aspects and provides a relevant, high-quality, and comprehensive data source. The book covers trends, process classification on various bases, physical processes involved, structure, properties, applications, advantages, and limitations. Emerging trends in the field are discussed in detail and advancements are thoroughly reviewed and presented to broaden the spectrum of FGM applications. This reference book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, academicians, industry practitioners, government labs, libraries, and anyone interested in the area of materials engineering.
Book Synopsis Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites by : I M Low
Download or read book Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites written by I M Low and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-20 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites, Second Edition, delivers an innovative approach to ceramic matrix composites, focusing on the latest advances and materials developments. As advanced ceramics and composite materials are increasingly utilized as components in batteries, fuel cells, sensors, high-temperature electronics, membranes and high-end biomedical devices, and in seals, valves, implants, and high-temperature and wear components, this book explores the substantial progress in new applications. Users will gain knowledge of the latest advances in CMCs, with an update on the role of ceramics in the fabrication of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for energy generation, and on natural fiber-reinforced eco-friendly geopolymer and cement composites. The specialized information contained in this book will be highly valuable to researchers and graduate students in ceramic science, engineering and ceramic composites technology, and engineers and scientists in the aerospace, energy, building and construction, biomedical and automotive industries. Provides detailed coverage of parts and processing, properties and applications Includes new developments in the field, such as natural fiber-reinforced composites and the use of CMCs in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) Presents state-of-the-art research, enabling the reader to understand the latest applications for CMCs
Book Synopsis Materials Science of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides by : Yury G. Gogotsi
Download or read book Materials Science of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides written by Yury G. Gogotsi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of current research on a wide range of carbide, nitride and boride materials, covering the general issues relevant to the development and characterisation of a variety of advanced materials. Topics include structure and electronic properties, modeling, processing, high-temperature chemistry, oxidation and corrosion, mechanical behaviour, manufacturing and applications. The volume complements more specialised books on specific materials as well as more general texts on ceramics or hard materials, presenting a survey of materials research as a key to technological development. After decades of research, the materials are being used in electronics, wear resistant, refractory and other applications, but numerous new applications are possible. Roughly equal numbers of papers cover theoretical and experimental research in the general field of materials science of refractory materials. Audience: Researchers and graduate students in materials science and engineering.
Book Synopsis Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of the Reaction Bonded Boron Carbide Composites by Using Multimodal Boron Carbide Powder Mixtures by : Amir Weizman
Download or read book Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of the Reaction Bonded Boron Carbide Composites by Using Multimodal Boron Carbide Powder Mixtures written by Amir Weizman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Structural Ceramics by : Bikramjit Basu
Download or read book Advanced Structural Ceramics written by Bikramjit Basu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-11 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the area of advanced ceramic composites broadly, providing important introductory chapters to fundamentals, processing, and applications of advanced ceramic composites. Within each section, specific topics covered highlight the state of the art research within one of the above sections. The organization of the book is designed to provide easy understanding by students as well as professionals interested in advanced ceramic composites. The various sections discuss fundamentals of nature and characteristics of ceramics, processing of ceramics, processing and properties of toughened ceramics, high temperature ceramics, nanoceramics and nanoceramic composites, and bioceramics and biocomposites.
Book Synopsis Chemical and Structural Characterization of Boron Carbide Powders and Ceramics by : Kanak Anant Kuwelkar
Download or read book Chemical and Structural Characterization of Boron Carbide Powders and Ceramics written by Kanak Anant Kuwelkar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron carbide is the material of choice for lightweight armor applications due to its extreme hardness, high Young's modulus and low specific weight. The homogeneity range in boron carbide extends from ~9 to ~20 at% carbon with the solubility limits not uniquely defined in literature. Over the homogeneity range, the exact lattice positions of boron and carbon atoms have not been unambiguously established, and this topic has been the consideration of significant debate over the last 60 years. The atomic configuration and positions of the boron and carbon atoms play a key role in the crystal structure of the boron carbide phases. Depending on the atomic structure, boron carbide exhibits different mechanical properties which may alter its ballistic performance under extreme dynamic conditions. This work focusses on refinement and development of analytical and chemical methods for an accurate determination of the boron carbide stoichiometry. These methods were then utilized to link structural changes of boron carbide across the solubility range to variations in mechanical properties. After an extensive assessment of the currently employed characterization techniques, it was discerned that the largest source of uncertainty in the determination of the boron carbide stoichiometry was found to arise from the method utilized to evaluate the free carbon concentration. To this end, a modified spiking technique was introduced for free carbon determination where curve fitting techniques were employed to model the asymmetry of the 002 free carbon diffraction peak based on the amorphous, disordered and graphitic nature of carbon. A relationship was then established between the relative intensities of the carbon and boron carbide peaks to the percentage of added carbon and the free-carbon content was obtained by extrapolation. Samples with varying chemistry and high purity were synthesized across the solubility range by hot pressing mixtures of amorphous boron and boron carbide. Vibrational mode frequencies and lattice parameter measurements from Rietveld refinement were correlated to the respective B:C ratios calculated using the developed characterization techniques. An expansion of the unit cell and change in slope in the lattice parameter-stoichiometry relationship were observed at more boron rich stoichiometries. These observations were justified through the proposal of a simplified structural model considering preferential substitution of boron atoms for carbon atoms in the icosahedra from 20 at% to 13.3 at% carbon, followed by formation of B-B bonds from 13.3 at % C to ~9 at% C. Hardness measurements uncovered decreased hardness values in boron rich boron carbide which was attributed to the formation of weaker unit cells. Load induced amorphization was also detected in all the indented materials. Finally, experimental observations have shown that failure in boron carbide may be governed by a mechanism other than amorphization and synthesizing boron carbide with a modified microstructure at stoichiometries close to B4C may be the way forward to attain improved ballistic performance.
Book Synopsis Determination of Structural Changes and Phase Transformations in Boron Carbide by Static and Dynamic Studies by : Varun Gupta
Download or read book Determination of Structural Changes and Phase Transformations in Boron Carbide by Static and Dynamic Studies written by Varun Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent transmission electron microscopy results demonstrate that the failure of B4C is commensurate with the segregation of boron icosahedra embedded in amorphous carbon in 2-3 nm wide amorphous bands along the (113) lattice direction, in good agreement with our recent theoretical results. Boron carbide is generally composed of multiple polytypes of B4C which have the same primitive lattice parameters but differ from each other by the location of the boron and carbon atoms in the unit cells. The unit cells are formed by a 12-atom B12-nCn icosahedron and a 3-atom (C3-nBn) chain. Our theoretical results indicate that one polytype, B12(C3), whose formation is responsible for the failure of the entire material. This anomalous and poorly understood glass-like behavior in boron carbide has been the subject of research since its discovery over 70 years ago. The characterization of disorder in hot pressed and powder boron carbide samples is therefore of primary interest. The research work has focused on characterization techniques which can be used at a micrometric sampling size so that individual powder grains of the material can be utilized. Specifically, micro-Raman and electrical conductivity measurements can be used with micrometric gap cells to understand the disorder in B4C. The results also demonstrate that it is possible to induce transformations in boron carbide using electric fields that are comparable with those obtained under shock and nanoindentation. Our calculations present a hypothesis which can provide a solution to prevent the premature failure of B4C. A route to achieve suppression of the B12(CCC) polytype without significantly affecting the elastic constants is via low concentration Silicon (Si) doping of B4C. Suppression of B12(CCC) by Si doping has implications towards development of boron carbide armor with improved properties for protection against high velocity threats. In order to achieve this, nanostructures (nanowires, nanorods, etc.) of Sidoped boron carbide have been synthesized using a Solid-Liquid-Solid (SLS) growth mechanism. The resulting structures have been characterized by SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy and consolidated to evaluate their mechanical properties. In addition, the application of nanowires in a transparent and thermally conducting nanocomposite is demonstrated.
Book Synopsis Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders and Powder by :
Download or read book Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders and Powder written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
