Mechanical And Thermal Stability Of Hard Nitride Coatings

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Mechanical and thermal stability of hard nitride coatings

Author : Yu-Hsiang Chen
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 917685325X
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanical and thermal stability of hard nitride coatings by : Yu-Hsiang Chen

Download or read book Mechanical and thermal stability of hard nitride coatings written by Yu-Hsiang Chen and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard coating’s thermal stability is essential due to the high temperature environment of high-speed cutting applications, while the phase and microstructure evolution induced by exposing the coating to high temperature affects the mechanical properties. In this thesis, the mechanical stability of arc-evaporated, hard, transition metal nitride coatings annealed at high temperature is analyzed and related to the phase and microstructure evolution. In addition to hardness, fracture toughness is evaluated by surface and cross-sectional investigations by scanning/transmission electron microscopy of damage events following mechanical tests. The crack resistance of Ti1?xAlxN with a range of Al content (x = 0.23-0.82) was studied by contact fatigue tests, where the differences in the microstructure were found to play a major role. Superior mechanical properties were found in Ti0.63Al0.37N; in the as-deposited state as a result of a favorable grain size, and after annealing at 900o C due to the microstructure formed during spinodal decomposition. The mechanical and high-temperature properties of hard coatings can be enhanced by alloying or multi-layering. Within this work, quaternary Ti-Al-X-N (X = Cr, Nb and V) alloys were studied and superior toughness was found for TiAl(Nb)N in both the as-deposited and annealed (1100? C) states. The hexagonal (h)-AlN formation in cubic (c)-TixAl0.37Cr1?0.37?xN (x = 0.03 and 0.16) was analyzed by in-situ x-ray scattering during annealing. The energy for h-AlN formation was found to be dependent on the microstructure evolution during annealing, which varies with the coating composition. High Al content h-ZrAlN/c-TiN and h-ZrAlN/c-ZrN multilayers were investigated through scratch tests followed by focused ion-beam analysis of the crack propagation. A c-Ti(Zr)N phase forms in h-ZrAlN/c-TiN multilayers at high temperatures and that contributes to enhanced hardness and fracture toughness by keeping the semi-coherent sub-interfaces. Finally, an in-situ analysis of coatings by x-ray scattering during a turning process was carried out. It demonstrates the possibility of observation of stress evolution and thermal expansion of the coatings or the work piece material during machining. This experiment provides real-time information on the coating behavior during cutting. Hårda skikts högtemperaturstabilitet är viktig på grund av den höga temperaturskikten utsätts för under skärande bearbetning, och den utveckling av faser och mikrostruktur som då sker påverkar skiktets mekaniska egenskaper. I den här avhandlingen har den mekaniska stabiliteten hos arcförångade, hårda metallnitridskikt som värmebehandlats vid höga temperaturer studerats. Förutom hårdhet har även skiktens seghet utvärderats genom yt- och tvärsnittsstudier av den sprickbildning som uppstår vid mekanisk provning med hjälp av svep- och transmissionselektronmikroskopi. Segheten hos Ti1?xAlxN skikt med varierande Al-halt (x = 0.23-0.82) studerades genom utmattningsprovning och resultaten visar att förändringar i mikrostrukturen spelar en stor roll. Ti0.63Al0.37N skikten hade överlägsna mekaniska egenskaper; på grund av en fördelaktig kornstorlek i de obehandlade skikten och efter värmebehandling som ett resultat av det spinodala sönderfall som skett. De mekaniska egenskaperna och högtemperaturegenskaperna hos hårda skikt kan förbättras genom legering eller genom multilagring. I den här avhandlingen har kvarternära Ti-Al-X-N (X = Cr, Nb eller V) skikt studerats och TiAl(Nb)N skikten hade en överlägsen seghet i både obehandlat och värmebehandlat (1100oC) tillstånd. Bildandet av h-AlN i TixAl0.37Cr1?0.37?xN (x = 0.03 and 0.16) skikt studerades genom in situ röntgenspridning under värmebehandling. Den energi som krävs för att bilda h-AlN beror av mikrostrukturutvecklingen under värmebehandling vilken i sin tur beror av skiktens kemiska sammansättning. h-ZrAlN/c-TiN och h-ZrAlN/c-ZrN multilager med hög Al-halt undersöktes genom reptester följda av tvärsnittsstudier av sprickbildningen genom en analys med en fokuserad jonstråle (FIB). En c-Ti(Zr)N fas bildas vid höga temperaturer i h-ZrAlN/c-TiN multilagren och det bidrar till förhöjd hårdhet och förbättrad seghet på grund av en bibehållen koherens mellan lagren. Slutligen har in situ röntgenspridningsstudier av ytskikt utförts vid svarvning. Studien visar på möjligheten att observera spänning och värmeutvidgning av skikten eller arbetsmaterialet under bearbetning. Experimenten ger information om skiktens beteende under bearbetning i realtid. La estabilidad térmica del recubrimiento es esencial debido a que estos recubrimientos durante su aplicación son utilizados a elevada temperatura y a alta velocidad. Durante dicho proceso, la evolución microestructural afecta a las propiedades mecánicas. En dicha tesis, la estabilidad mecánica de los recubimientos duros base nitruro producidos mediante arco y recocidos a elevada temperatura son analizados y se correlacionado con su transformación de fase. La dureza, la resistencia a la fractura son evaluados mediante la observación tanto superficial como transversal mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido. La resistencia a la propagación de grieta de Ti1?xAlxN con un contenido en Al que fluctúa entre 0.23-0.82 se estudia mediante ensayos de fatiga por contacto, donde la diferencia microstructural juega un papel importante. Las mejores propiedades mecánicas se encentran en las muestras con un 0.63 de Ti donde se ha realizado un proceso de recocido a 900o C debido a la descomposición espinoidal. Las características mecánicas y de alta temperatura de recubrimientos duros pueden ser mejoradas si tenemos un recubrimiento multicapa. Aleaciones cuaternarias de Ti-Al-X-N (X = Cr, Nb y V) son estudiada, y una mejor tenacidad de fractura se encuentra para la muestra TiAl(Nb)N sin tratamiento de recocido como recocida a 1000ºC. La formación del AlN con una estructura hexagonal en la muestra TixAl0.37Cr1?0.37?xN (x = 0.03 y 0.16) son analizadas mediante ensayos in-situ de difracción de rayos X durante el proceso de recocido. Cabe mencionar que la energía cinética para la formación de la AlN con una estructura hexagonal depende del proceso de recocido, la cual hace variar la composición química del recubrimiento. Multicapas de h (hexagonal)-ZrAlN/c (cúbica)-TiN con un elevado contenido de Al son estudiadas mediante ensayos de rayado y la generación de daño es observado mediante la técnica del haz de iones focalizados. Las formas de la fase de c-Ti(Zr)N en las multicapas de (h)-ZrAlN/c-TiN formadas a elevadas temperaturas contribuyen a mejorar la dureza y la tenacidad de fractura manteniendo la semicoherencia en las intercaras entre cada capa. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis in-situ de los diferentes recubrimientos me diante dispersión de rayos X durante un proceso de torneado. En este caso, se demuestra la posibilidad de observar la evolución de las tensiones residuales y de la expansión térmica durante el proceso de conformado. Dicho experimentos proporciona información en tiempo real sobre el comportamiento del recubrimiento en condiciones de servicio.

Coatings and Thin-Film Technologies

Author : Jaime Andres Perez Taborda
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789848709
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Coatings and Thin-Film Technologies by : Jaime Andres Perez Taborda

Download or read book Coatings and Thin-Film Technologies written by Jaime Andres Perez Taborda and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of coatings and thin-film technologies is rapidly advancing to keep up with new uses for semiconductor, optical, tribological, thermoelectric, solar, security, and smart sensing applications, among others. In this sense, thin-film coatings and structures are increasingly sophisticated with more specific properties, new geometries, large areas, the use of heterogeneous materials and flexible and rigid coating substrates to produce thin-film structures with improved performance and properties in response to new challenges that the industry presents. This book aims to provide the reader with a complete overview of the current state of applications and developments in thin-film technology, discussing applications, health and safety in thin films, and presenting reviews and experimental results of recognized experts in the area of coatings and thin-film technologies.

High-Entropy Alloys

Author : B.S. Murty
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128160683
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Entropy Alloys by : B.S. Murty

Download or read book High-Entropy Alloys written by B.S. Murty and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-03-16 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Entropy Alloys, Second Edition provides a complete review of the current state of the field of high entropy alloys (HEA). Building upon the first edition, this fully updated release includes new theoretical understandings of these materials, highlighting recent developments on modeling and new classes of HEAs, such as Eutectic HEAs and Dual phase HEAs. Due to their unique properties, high entropy alloys have attracted considerable attention from both academics and technologists. This book presents the fundamental knowledge, the spectrum of various alloy systems and their characteristics, key focus areas, and the future scope of the field in terms of research and technological applications. - Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive understanding on the current status of HEAs in terms of theoretical understanding and modeling efforts - Gives a complete idea on alloy design criteria of various classes of HEAs developed so far - Discusses the microstructure property correlations in HEAs in terms of structural and functional properties - Presents a comparison of HEAs with other multicomponent systems, like intermetallics and bulk metallic glasses

Nanostructured Coatings

Author : Albano Cavaleiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387487565
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanostructured Coatings by : Albano Cavaleiro

Download or read book Nanostructured Coatings written by Albano Cavaleiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-19 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delivers practical insight into a broad range of fields related to hard coatings, from their deposition and characterization up to the hardening and deformation mechanisms allowing the interpretation of results. The text examines relationships between structure/microstructure and mechanical properties from fundamental concepts, through types of coatings, to characterization techniques. The authors explore the search for coatings that can satisfy the criteria for successful implementation in real mechanical applications.

Properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys from first principles

Author : Fei Wang
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176853829
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys from first principles by : Fei Wang

Download or read book Properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys from first principles written by Fei Wang and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a theoretical exploration of properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys, in particular their mixing thermodynamics and elastic behaviors. Systematic investigation of properties of a large class of materials, such as the multicomponent nitride solid solutions, is in line with the modern approach of high-throughput search of novel materials. In this thesis we benchmark and utilize simple but efficient methodological frameworks in predicting mixing thermodynamics, Young’s moduli distribution of multilayer alloys and the linear thermal expansion of quaternary nitride solid solutions. We demonstrate by accurate ab-initio calculations that Ti1−xAlxN solid solution is stabilized by interfacial effects if it is coherently sandwiched between TiN layers along (001). For TiN/AlN and ZrN/AlN multilayers we show higher thermodynamic stability with semicoherent interfaces than with isostructural coherent ones. Accurate 0 Kelvin elastic constants of cubic TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) solid solutions and their multilayers are derived and an analytic comparison of strengths and ductility are presented to reveal the potential of these materials in hard coating applications. The Young’s moduli variation of the bulk materials has provided a reliable descriptor to screen the Young’s moduli of coherent multilayers. The Debye model is used to reveal the high-temperature thermodynamics and spinodal decomposition of TixNbyAl1−x−yN. We show that though the effect of vibration is large on the mixing Gibbs free energy the local spinoal decomposition tendencies are not altered. A quasi-harmonic Debye model is benchmarked against results of molecular dynamics simulations in predicting the thermal expansion coefficients of TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta). Denna avhandling är en teoretisk undersökning av egenskaperna hos multilager och multikomponentlegeringar av nitrider, särskilt deras blandningstermodynamik och elastiska egenskaper. Systematiska undersökningar av egenskaperna hos en stor materialfamilj, såsom fasta lösningar av multikomponentnitrider, ligger i linje med den moderna angreppsvinkeln av massundersökningar i sökandet efter nya material. I denna avhandling utvärderar och använder vi enkla men effektiva metodologiska ramverk för att förutsäga blandningstermodynamik, fördelning av Young’s moduli multilager och den linjära termiska expansionen i kvaternära fasta lösningar av nitrider. Vi visar med precisa ab-initio-beräkningar att en fast lösning av Ti1−xAlxN stabiliseras av gränssnittseffekter om den placeras koherent mellan TiN-skikt längs med (001). För multilager av TiN/AlN och ZrN/AlN påvisar vi högre termodynamisk stabilitet med semikoherenta gränsskikt än med isostrukturella koherenta. Precisa elastiska konstanter vid 0 K för kubiska fasta lösningar av TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) och deras multilager beräknas och en analytisk jämförelse av deras hållfasthet och duktilitet presenteras för att visa dessa materials potential som hårda beläggningar. Variationen av Young’s moduli materialen i bulk har gett en pålitlig deskriptor för att undersöka Young’s moduli koherenta multilager. Debye-modellen används för att undersöka hög-temperatur-termodynamiken och spinodalt sönderfall hos TixNbyAl1−x−yN. Vi visar att trots att vibrationers effekt på Gibbs fria energi för blandning är stor påverkas inte de lokala tendenserna för spinodalt sönderfall. En kvasiharmonisk Debye-modell jämförs med resultat från molekyldynamiksimuleringar för att förutsäga utvidgningskoefficienter för TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta). Diese Arbeit ist eine theoretische Untersuchung der Eigenschaften von mehrschichtigen und mehrkomponentigen Nitridlegierungen, insbesondere deren Mischungs- Thermodynamik und elastischen Verhalten. Eine systematische Untersuchung von Eigenschaften einer großen Klasse von Materialien, wie zum Beispiel fester Lösungen von Mehrkomponenten-Nitriden, ist im Einklang mit dem zeitgenössischen Hochdurchsatzverfahren für die Suche nach neuen Materialien. In dieser Arbeit benchmarken und nutzen wir einfache, aber effiziente methodische Frameworks zur Vorhersage der Mischungs-Thermodynamik, der Verteilung des Elastizitätsmoduls von Mehrschichtlegierungen und der linearen thermischen Ausdehnung von festen, quaternären Nitrid-Lösungen. Wir zeigen durch genaue Ab-initio-Berechnungen, dass Ti1−xAlxN Mischkristalle durch Grenzflächenwirkungen stabilisiert werden, wenn sie kohärent zwischen TiN Schichten entlang (001) sandwichartig angeordnet sind. Die genauen elastischen Konstanten von kubischen TixXyAl1−x−yN (X = Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) Mischkristallen und deren Mehrfachschichten bei 0 Kelvin werden abgeleitet und ein analytischer Vergleich der Festigkeit und Duktilität zeigt das Potential dieser Materialien in Hartbeschichtungsanwendungen. Das Debye-Modell wird verwendet, um die Hochtemperatur-Thermodynamik und die spinodale Entmischung von TixNbyAl1−x−yN aufzudecken. Wir zeigen, dass sich die lokale Tendenzen zur spinodalen Entmischung nicht ändern, obwohl die Wirkung von Vibrationen auf die Gibbs-Energie großist. Ein quasi-harmonisches Debye-Modell wird gegen die Ergebnisse von Moleküldynamik-Simulationen gebenchmarkt, um die thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) vorherzusagen.

Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings

Author : Sam Zhang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420094033
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings by : Sam Zhang

Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-18 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by leading experts from around the world, the three-volume Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings gives scientific researchers and product engineers a resource as dynamic and flexible as the field itself. The first two volumes cover the latest research and application of the mechanical and functional properties of thin films an

Ceramic Fibers and Coatings

Author : Committee on Advanced Fibers for High-Temperature Ceramic Composites
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309569036
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Ceramic Fibers and Coatings by : Committee on Advanced Fibers for High-Temperature Ceramic Composites

Download or read book Ceramic Fibers and Coatings written by Committee on Advanced Fibers for High-Temperature Ceramic Composites and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-05-05 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-temperature ceramic fibers are the key components of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Ceramic fiber properties (strength, temperature and creep resistance, for example)-along with the debonding characteristics of their coatings-determine the properties of CMCs. This report outlines the state of the art in high-temperature ceramic fibers and coatings, assesses fibers and coatings in terms of future needs, and recommends promising avenues of research. CMCs are also discussed in this report to provide a context for discussing high-temperature ceramic fibers and coatings.

Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering

Author : Md. Abdul Maleque
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811995095
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering by : Md. Abdul Maleque

Download or read book Proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering written by Md. Abdul Maleque and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-13 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceeding of 5th International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing and Materials Engineering (ICAMME2022), August 9–10, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It presents articles in topics that outline the state-of-the-art information in manufacturing and materials engineering for academia and industries. The topics represent the strong synergy between manufacturing, materials, design, and management supporting the transition from product service systems to life cycle engineering services as a contributor to high value manufacturing. The scope of this book also presents a set of new additive manufacturing, 3D printing, and advanced materials with new technology; green technology for United Nations SDGs; modeling & simulation of materials and manufacturing with some classical case examples. It caters to academics and industrial practitioners who have research interest in the latest advances in manufacturing and materials engineering.

Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering

Author : T. S. Sudarshan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819709008
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering by : T. S. Sudarshan

Download or read book Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering written by T. S. Sudarshan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods

Author : Franz Roters
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527642099
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods by : Franz Roters

Download or read book Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods written by Franz Roters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the leading experts in computational materials science, this handy reference concisely reviews the most important aspects of plasticity modeling: constitutive laws, phase transformations, texture methods, continuum approaches and damage mechanisms. As a result, it provides the knowledge needed to avoid failures in critical systems udner mechanical load. With its various application examples to micro- and macrostructure mechanics, this is an invaluable resource for mechanical engineers as well as for researchers wanting to improve on this method and extend its outreach.

Tribology of Diamond-like Carbon Films

Author : Christophe Donnet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387498915
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Tribology of Diamond-like Carbon Films by : Christophe Donnet

Download or read book Tribology of Diamond-like Carbon Films written by Christophe Donnet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-06 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights some of the most important structural, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of DLC films. It is particularly dedicated to the fundamental tribological issues that impact the performance and durability of these coatings. The book provides reliable and up-to-date information on available industrial DLC coatings and includes clear definitions and descriptions of various DLC films and their properties.

Physical vapor deposition and thermal stability of hard oxide coatings

Author : Ludvig Landälv
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176850889
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical vapor deposition and thermal stability of hard oxide coatings by : Ludvig Landälv

Download or read book Physical vapor deposition and thermal stability of hard oxide coatings written by Ludvig Landälv and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state-of-the-art tools for machining metals are primarily based on a metal-ceramic composite (WC-Co) coated with different combinations of carbide, nitride, and oxide coatings. Combinations of these coating materials are optimized to withstand specific wear conditions. Oxide coatings, mainly α-Al2O3, are especially desired because of their high hot-hardness, chemical inertness with respect to the workpiece, and their low friction. The search for possible alloy elements, which may facilitate the deposition of such oxides by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, has been the goal of this thesis. The sought alloy should form thermodynamically stable or metastable compounds, compatible with the temperature of use in metal cutting application. This thesis deals with process development and coating characterization of such new oxide alloy thin films, focusing on the Al-V-O, Al-Cr-Si-O, and Cr-Zr-O systems. Alloying aluminum oxide with iso-valent vanadium is a candidate for forming the desired alloys. Therefore, coatings of (Al1-xVx)2O3, with x ranging from 0 to 1, were deposited with reactive sputter deposition. X-ray diffraction showed three different crystal structures depending on V-metal fraction in the coating: α-V2O3 rhombohedral structure for 100 at.% V, a defect spinel structure for the intermediate region, (63 - 42 at.% V), and a gamma-alumina-like solid solution at lower V-content, (18 and 7 at.%), were observed, the later was shifted to larger d-spacing compared to the pure γ-Al2O3 sample obtained if deposited with only Al-target. Annealing the Al-rich coatings in air resulted in formation of V2O5 crystals on the surface of the coating after annealing to 500 °C for 42 at.% V and 700 °C for 18 at.% V metal fraction respectively. The highest thermal stability was shown for pure γ-Al2O3-coating which transformed to α-Al2O3 after annealing to 1100° C. Highest hardness was observed for the Al-rich oxides, ~24 GPa. The hardness then decreases with increasing V-content, larger than 7 at.% V metal fraction. Doping the Al2O3 coating with 7 at.% V resulted in a significant surface smoothening compared to the binary oxide. The measured hardness after annealing in air decreased in conjunction with the onset of further oxidation of the coatings. This work increases the understanding of this complicated material system with respect to possible phases formed with pulsed DC magnetron sputtering deposition as well as their response to annealing in air. The inherent difficulties of depositing insulating oxide films with PVD, requiring a closed electrical circuit, makes the investigation of process stability an important part of this research. In this context, I investigated the influence of adding small amount of Si in Al-Cr cathode on the coating properties in a pulsed DC industrial cathodic arc system and the plasma characteristics, process parameters, and coating properties in a lab DC cathodic arc system. Si was chosen here due to a previous study showing improved erosion behavior of Al-Cr-Si over pure Al-Cr cathode without Si incorporation in the coating. The effect of Si in the Al-Cr cathode in the industrial cathodic arc system showed slight improvements on the cathode erosion but Si was found in all coatings where Si was added in the cathode. The Si addition promoted the formation of the B1-like metastable cubic oxide phase and the incorporation led to reduced or equal hardness values compared to the corresponding Si-free processes. The DC-arc plasma study on the same material system showed only small improvements in the cathode erosion and process stability (lower pressure and cathode voltage) when introducing 5 at.% Si in the Al70Cr30-cathode. The presence of volatile SiO species could be confirmed through plasma analysis, but the loss of Si through these species was negligible, since the coating composition matched the cathode composition also under these conditions. The positive effect of added Si on the process stability at the cathode surface, should be weighed against Si incorporation in the coating. This incorporation seems to lead to a reduction in mechanical properties in the as-deposited coatings and promote the formation of a B1-like cubic metastable oxide structure for the (Al,Cr)2O3 oxide. This formation may or may not be beneficial for the final application since literature indicates a slight stabilization of the metastable phase upon Si-incorporation, contrary to the effect of Cr, which stabilizes the α-phase. The thermal stability of alloys for metal cutting application is crucial for their use. Previous studies on another alloy system, Cr-Zr-O, had shown solid solution, for Cr-rich compositions in that material system, in the sought corundum structure. The thermal stability of α-Cr0.28Zr0.10O0.61 coating deposited by reactive radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering at 500 °C was therefore investigated here after annealing in vacuum up to 870 °C. The annealed samples showed transformation of α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 and amorphous ZrOx-rich areas into tetragonal ZrO2 and bcc-Cr. The instability of the α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 is surprising and possibly related to the annealing being done under vacuum, facilitating the loss of oxygen. Further in situ synchrotron XRD annealing studies on the α-Cr0.28Zr0.10O0.61 coating in air and in vacuum showed increased stability for the air annealed sample up to at least 975 °C, accompanied with a slight increase in ex-situ measured nanohardness. The onset temperature for formation of tetragonal ZrO2 was similar to that for isothermally vacuum annealing. The synchrotron-vacuum annealed coating again decomposed into bcc-Cr and t-ZrO2, with an addition of monoclinic–ZrO2 due to grain growth. The stabilization of the room temperature metastable tetragonal ZrO2 phase, due to surface energy effects present with small grains sizes, may prove to be useful for metal cutting applications. The observed phase segregation of α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 and formation of tetragonal ZrO2 with corresponding increase in hardness for this pseudobinary oxide system also opens up design routes for pseudobinary oxides with tunable microstructural and mechanical properties.

Comprehensive Materials Processing

Author :
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0080965334
Total Pages : 5485 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Materials Processing by :

Download or read book Comprehensive Materials Processing written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 5485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Materials Processing, Thirteen Volume Set provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource consolidating and enhancing the literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Assisting scientists and engineers in the selection, design, and use of materials, whether in the lab or in industry, it matches the adaptive complexity of emergent materials and processing technologies. Extensive traditional article-level academic discussion of core theories and applications is supplemented by applied case studies and advanced multimedia features. Coverage encompasses the general categories of solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing, and includes discussion on plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Authored and reviewed by world-class academic and industrial specialists in each subject field Practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information in one place with integrated applets linking to relevant outside sources

Cathodic Arcs

Author : André Anders
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387791086
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Cathodic Arcs by : André Anders

Download or read book Cathodic Arcs written by André Anders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cathodic arcs are among the longest studied yet least understood objects in science. Plasma-generating, tiny spots appear on the cathode; they are highly dynamic and hard to control. With an approach emphasizing the fractal character of cathode spots, strongly fluctuating plasma properties are described such as the presence of multiply charged ions that move with supersonic velocity. Richly illustrated, the book also deals with practical issues, such as arc source construction, macroparticle removal, and the synthesis of dense, well adherent coatings. The book spans a bridge from plasma physics to coatings technology based on energetic condensation, appealing to scientists, practitioners and graduate students alike.

Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing

Author : Akhtar Kalam
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811047650
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing by : Akhtar Kalam

Download or read book Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing written by Akhtar Kalam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of research work in the interdisciplinary areas of electronics, communication, and computing. This book is specifically targeted at students, research scholars and academicians. The book covers the different approaches and techniques for specific applications, such as particle-swarm optimization, Otsu’s function and harmony search optimization algorithm, triple gate silicon on insulator (SOI)MOSFET, micro-Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, high-k dielectric gate oxide, spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, microstrip antenna, Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with conducting surfaces, and digital image forgery detection. The contents of the book will be useful to academic and professional researchers alike.

Coatings for Biomedical Applications

Author : Mike Driver
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857093673
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Coatings for Biomedical Applications by : Mike Driver

Download or read book Coatings for Biomedical Applications written by Mike Driver and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biomaterials sector is rapidly expanding and significant advances have been made in the technology of biomedical coatings and materials, which provide a means to improve the wear of joints, change the biological interaction between implant and host and combine the properties of various materials to improve device performance. Coatings for biomedical applications provides an extensive review of coating types and surface modifications for biomedical applications.The first part of the book explores a range of coating types and their biomedical applications. Chapters look at hydrophilic, mineral and pyrolytic carbon coatings in and ex vivo orthopaedic applications and finally at surface modification and preparation techniques. Part two presents case studies of orthopaedic and ophthalmic coatings, and biomedical applications including vascular stents, cardiopulomonary by-pass equipment and ventricular assist devices.With its clear structure and comprehensive review of research, Coatings for biomedical applications is a valuable resource to researchers, scientists and engineers in the biomedical industry. It will also benefit anyone studying or working within the biomedical sector, particularly those specialising in biomedical coatings. - Provides an extensive review of coating types and surface modifications for biomedical applications - Chapters look at hydrophilic coatings for biomedical applications in and ex vivo, mineral coatings for orthopaedic applications, pyrolytic carbon coating and other commonly-used biomedical coatings - Presents case studies of orthopaedic and ophthalmic coatings, and biomedical applications including vascular stents, cardiopulomonary by-pass equipment and ventricular assist devices

Thin-Films for Machining Difficult-to-Cut Materials

Author : Ch Sateesh Kumar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000878244
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Thin-Films for Machining Difficult-to-Cut Materials by : Ch Sateesh Kumar

Download or read book Thin-Films for Machining Difficult-to-Cut Materials written by Ch Sateesh Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-11 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a balanced blend of fundamental research such as principles and characteristics of machining of difficult-to-cut materials and coating techniques and in-depth practical information on coatings techniques and classifications, the effect of coating parameters on machining responses, and finite element analysis of the machining performance of coated tools. In addition to the benefits of the thin-film deposition on the cutting tools, the limitations of the coating deposition techniques and the coating properties are also discussed. Features: Associates the application of coating technology for improving machining characteristics of difficult-to-cut materials. Elaborates effect of coating architecture on the output machining parameters. Explores the performance of coated cutting tools. Discusses advanced coating systems and their application. Includes industrial case studies and practical implementations where coatings were applied for the machining of difficult-to-cut materials. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in thin-films, coatings, machining, materials engineering, and manufacturing.