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Measuring The Effect Of Federal Research Funding On Private Donations At Research Universities
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Book Synopsis Measuring the Effect of Federal Research Funding on Private Donations at Research Universities by : A. Abigail Payne
Download or read book Measuring the Effect of Federal Research Funding on Private Donations at Research Universities written by A. Abigail Payne and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of federal research funding has changed in the United States over the last 30 years. In part, federal research funding has changed in the distribution of funding across disciplines and across universities. Federal funding to universities with historically low levels of funding has also experienced greater growth than those universities with historically high levels of funding. In addition, universities have become more involved in the political process with respect to the allocation of funding for higher education. As the nature of government funding changes, this paper questions its effect on private donations to research and non-research universities. The general presumption of much of the existing theoretical work is that government and private funding for charitable goods are substitutes. Limited evidence exists to suggest, in some circumstances, there may be a positive correlation between these two sources of funding. Potentially, because the government undertakes the expense to gather information about the research universities, and engages in such activities as peer-review of research proposals, the government through its grant awards may provide a signal of quality of research or other information to donors that is less noisy than that available to private donors. Similarly, there may be other types of spillover effects from research funding to private donations. In this case, a change in government grants has both a positive and negative effect on private donations, suggesting a positive correlation between private and public donations if the effect from the dissemination of information is greater than the substitution effect of government grants. I examine data for private and public universities in the United States to measure the relationship between private and public donations under a fixed-effects OLS regression. I explore issues of bias from endogeneity or omitted variables and report the results from a two stage least squares regression in which I use a set of measures that affect federal research funding but not private donations. Regardless of the specification, the results suggest private and public donations are positively correlated for research universities and negatively correlated for non-research institutions. On average, increasing federal research funding by one dollar increases private donations by 65 cents at research universities, decreases private donations by 9 cents at universities whose highest degree granted is a masters, and decreases private donations by 45 cents at liberal arts colleges.
Book Synopsis Government Impact at Research Universities by : Ana Abigail Payne
Download or read book Government Impact at Research Universities written by Ana Abigail Payne and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research by : The National Academies
Download or read book Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research written by The National Academies and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enactment of the America COMPETES Act in 2006 (and its reauthorization in 2010), the increase in research expenditures under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), and President Obama's general emphasis on the contribution of science and technology to economic growth have all heightened interest in the role of scientific and engineering research in creating jobs, generating innovative technologies, spawning new industries, improving health, and producing other economic and societal benefits. Along with this interest has come a renewed emphasis on a question that has been asked for decades: Can the impacts and practical benefits of research to society be measured either quantitatively or qualitatively? On April 18-19, 2011, the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) and the Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (COSEPUP) of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, held a workshop to examine this question. The workshop sought to assemble the range of work that has been done in measuring research outcomes and to provide a forum to discuss its method. The workshop was motivated by a 2009 letter from Congressman Rush Holt (D-New Jersey). He asked the National Academies to look into a variety of complex and interconnected issues, such as the short-term and long-term economic and non-economic impact of federal research funding, factors that determine whether federally funded research discoveries result in economic benefits, and quantification of the impacts of research on national security, the environment, health, education, public welfare, and decision making. Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research provides the key observations and suggestions made by the speakers at the workshop and during the discussions that followed the formal presentations.
Book Synopsis University Funding by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book University Funding written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis University Funding: Federal Funding Mechanisms in Support of University Research by :
Download or read book University Funding: Federal Funding Mechanisms in Support of University Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIV. Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :187 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (227 download)
Book Synopsis University Funding: Federal Funding Mechanisms in Support of University Research by : GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIV.
Download or read book University Funding: Federal Funding Mechanisms in Support of University Research written by GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC RESOURCES COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIV. and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation's universities play a vital role in advancing U.S. economic health by performing nearly half of its basic research that provides the foundation for technological progress. Federal funds support approximately two-thirds of this university-based basic research. As reported by the National Science Foundation, the federal government, in fiscal year 1984, expended approximately $5.5 billion at universities for research and development, of which approximately $4 billion was for basic research. The federal government transfer funds to universities and colleges through various 'funding mechanisms' that support both research and the infrastructure of research (major equipment and facilities, special training needs, and institutional support). A funding mechanism is a category of federal financial support or scientific research performed at and by U.S. universities. With the last decade concern has grown that the current array of funding mechanisms may not adequately provide for the continuity and stability of research, the modernized equipment, and the human resource needs to maintain the vital role the universities play in the nation's research effort. This report provides information on federal funding of university research by presenting the array of funding mechanisms used by Federal agencies in funding such research.
Book Synopsis The Rise of American Research Universities by : Hugh Davis Graham
Download or read book The Rise of American Research Universities written by Hugh Davis Graham and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1997-01-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the Second World War, few universities in the United States had earned high respect among the international community of scholars and scientists. Since 1945, however, the distinctive attributes of American higher education—decentralized administration, pluralistic and research-minded faculties, and intense competition for government funding—have become world standard. Whether measured by Nobel and other prizes, international applications for student admissions and faculty appointments, or the results of academic surveys, America's top research universities are the best in the world. The Rise of American Research Universities provides a fresh historical interpretation of their ascendancy and a fresh, comprehensive estimate of their scholarly achievement. Hugh Davis Graham and Nancy Diamond question traditional methods of rating the reputation and performance of universities; they offer instead an empirical analysis of faculty productivity based on research grants received, published research, and peer approval of that work. Comparing the research achievements of faculty at more than 200 institutions, they differ with most studies of higher education in measuring performance in every academic field—from medicine to humanities—and in analyzing data on research activity in terms of institutional size. In this important and timely work, Graham and Diamond reassess the success of American universities as research institutions and the role of public funding in their developmentfrom the expansionist "golden years" of the 1950s and '60s, through the austerity measures of the 1970s and the entrepreneurial ethos of the 1980s, to the budget crises universities face in the 1990s.
Book Synopsis University Funding by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book University Funding written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management by : Bruce Alan Seaman
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management written by Bruce Alan Seaman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonprofit organizations are arguably the fastest growing and most dynamic part of modern market economies in democratic countries. This book explores the frontiers of knowledge at the intersection of economics and the management of these entities. The authors review the role, structure and behavior of private, nonprofit organizations as economic units and their participation in markets and systems of public service delivery, assess the implications of this knowledge for the efficient management of nonprofit organizations and the formulation of effective public policy, and identify cutting-edge questions for future research. Chapters address five broad categories of scholarship: development and management of the diverse economic resources supporting nonprofit organizations; market behavior of nonprofits; strategic economic decision-making; evaluation and performance of them; and impacts and implications of public policies affecting nonprofit organizations. Topics include: income diversification and crowd-out among income sources, paid and volunteer labor markets, competition and collaboration among nonprofits and for-profits, pricing and diversification of nonprofit products and services, performance measurement and regulation, contracting, franchising and federation practices, and government taxation and funding. The book will help nonprofit scholars identify new areas of productive research, help practicing managers understand the underlying economics of their decision-making, and offer teachers and students a concise and penetrating view of key economic dimensions to managing nonprofit organizations.
Book Synopsis Alternative Mechanisms of Research Support by :
Download or read book Alternative Mechanisms of Research Support written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis University Funding by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book University Funding written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Are All Agencies Alike? : the Impact of Politics on University Research Funding from Ten Federal Agencies by : Ana Abigail Payne
Download or read book Are All Agencies Alike? : the Impact of Politics on University Research Funding from Ten Federal Agencies written by Ana Abigail Payne and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Does Government Funding Affect Private Donations to Research Universities by : Chun zi Zhang
Download or read book How Does Government Funding Affect Private Donations to Research Universities written by Chun zi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Study of Nonprofit Enterprise by : Helmut K. Anheier
Download or read book The Study of Nonprofit Enterprise written by Helmut K. Anheier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the need to revisit the economic theories from the last two decades that have contributed to the development of a concentrated research agenda on nonprofit organizations. Long neglected as a topic of theorizing and empirical investigation by mainstream economics in particular, these initial theories of nonprofit organizations from the late 1970s and early 1980s continue to shape theoretical and conceptual efforts. Importantly, their influence extends beyond economics and informs sociological and politics science approaches to the set of organizations and institutions located between the market firm and the state agency as well. While the theoretical map of nonprofit research has expanded beyond these early attempts and now include several other major theories such as stakeholder approaches, supply-side or entrepreneurial theories, institutional theories and comparative approaches. This work suggests that it is time to take stock and reexamine some of the basics from which these economic theories operate.
Book Synopsis America's Leaning Ivory Tower by : Yonghong Wu
Download or read book America's Leaning Ivory Tower written by Yonghong Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will expand the body of literature on capacity-building in science and improve public understanding of the issues regarding geographical concentration of federal research funding. The federal government has been the primary sponsor of academic research in the U.S., and the peer-review system has been the primary mechanism for distributing federal government funding for research among universities. The peer-review system ensures the production of the best science by funding the most capable researchers in the country. As a result, federal research funding has been concentrated in high-capacity states where many of the most capable researchers reside. Despite official action - such as the implementation of the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), which targets low capacity jurisdictions for federal funding - the amount of resources going to each state for research is highly uneven. This book provides recommendations on how to improve policy design and program implementation for better research capacity-building outcomes. The book lends itself to a wide audience, as it does not focus entirely on high-level statistical analysis, but will have specific appeal to researchers in science policy, federal budgeting and higher education policy.
Book Synopsis Federal Research Funding by : Ian G. Smith
Download or read book Federal Research Funding written by Ian G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis University Funding by : U. S. Government Accountability Office (
Download or read book University Funding written by U. S. Government Accountability Office ( and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a congressional request, GAO: (1) provided information on the distribution of federal research funds to universities and colleges by institution, state, agency, and field of science; and (2) analyzed the effects of historical trends, direct congressional action, field of science, demographic and socioeconomic factors, and the use and distribution of peer reviewers on patterns of distribution. GAO found that: (1) the percentage of federal research and development funds the 100 most-funded universities and colleges received remained stable from 1967 to 1984; (2) there was a change in the composition of the top 100 universities; (3) the top 100 institutions received 88 percent of the federal research funds in 1967 and 86 percent in 1984; (4) the designation of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds for institutional development was not related to the change in institutional rank in funding from 1967 to 1984; (5) funding was concentrated in relatively few states and institutions; (6) 40 institutions that ranked below the top in total research funds ranked among the top 20 in a particular field of science; (7) funding to universities and colleges by state positively correlated to population size, the number of employed scientists and engineers, the number of advanced degrees colleges granted in science and engineering, and federal research and development funds to other than universities and colleges; and (8) NIH and the National Science Foundation (NSF) peer review participants and the number of NIH and NSF awards are less concentrated geographically than NIH and NSF research funds.
