McGraw-Hill's Pocket Guide to Chest X-Rays

Download McGraw-Hill's Pocket Guide to Chest X-Rays PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis McGraw-Hill's Pocket Guide to Chest X-Rays by : Greg Briggs

Download or read book McGraw-Hill's Pocket Guide to Chest X-Rays written by Greg Briggs and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise and practical handbook that uses checklists and bullet- pointed boxes to highlight important information, this text includes an extensive range of images for easy reference. It is written for non-specialist medical professionals who need to know how to interpret chest X-rays.

Pocket Guide to Chest X-rays

Download Pocket Guide to Chest X-rays PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781283597227
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pocket Guide to Chest X-rays by : Greg Briggs

Download or read book Pocket Guide to Chest X-rays written by Greg Briggs and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Chest X-Ray: A Survival Guide

Download The Chest X-Ray: A Survival Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702051071
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Chest X-Ray: A Survival Guide by : Gerald de Lacey

Download or read book The Chest X-Ray: A Survival Guide written by Gerald de Lacey and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-05-25 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: British Medical Association Book Awards 2009 - First Prize Winner, Radiology Category Featuring a practical, clinical approach – and written in a quick-access style – this portable, economical reference helps you build a strong foundation in chest x-ray interpretation. Three radiologists with years of clinical and teaching experience present fundamental principles and key anatomical concepts...walk you through examples of classic chest x-ray features that provide subtle evidence of abnormality...and explore a variety of problems and dilemmas common to everyday clinical practice. High-quality drawings and digital chest x-rays – combined with secrets from the radiologists' toolbox, helpful differential diagnoses, handy checklists, and key references – deliver all the assistance you need to enhance your interpretation skills. - Provides a strong foundation of essential knowledge for an informed, systematic approach to accurate chest x-ray interpretation. - Features the work of three radiologists who offer you the benefit of their many years of clinical and teaching experience. - Emphasizes common errors and misdiagnoses to help ensure correct image readings. - Presents step-by-step guidance in a bulleted, quick-access format, in short chapters focused on clinical problems, to make it easy to master the information that you need to know. - Makes difficult anatomic concepts easier to grasp by pairing radiographs with color line drawings. - Explains the nomenclature special to the field through a glossary of important terms. - Highlights the most important concepts in diagnosis/interpretation via Key Points in each chapter.

Chest Radiology: PreTest Self- Assessment and Review

Download Chest Radiology: PreTest Self- Assessment and Review PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071382585
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (713 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chest Radiology: PreTest Self- Assessment and Review by : Juzar Ali

Download or read book Chest Radiology: PreTest Self- Assessment and Review written by Juzar Ali and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2001-05-25 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now updated to reflect the USMLE Step 2 exam, with greater emphasis on case presentations and diagnostic skills. Approximately 400 new clinical vignettes with accompanying questions (500 questions in all)--now featuring expanded answers referenced to leading textbooks or journal articles. Reviewed by McGraw-Hill's Medical Student Advisory Committee to ensure simulation of the USMLE test-taking experience.

Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, Sixth Edition

Download Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, Sixth Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071766243
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, Sixth Edition by : Diana Nicoll

Download or read book Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, Sixth Edition written by Diana Nicoll and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quick reference guide to the selection and interpretation of more than 450 commonly used diagnostic tests COVERS: Basic principles of diagnostic testing, common blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory tests, therapeutic drug monitoring, microbiologic test selection and interpretation and diagnostic imaging tests by body system , electrocardiography, and differential diagnosis tables & algorithms Tests used in internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, neurology and obstetrics and gynecology INCLUDES: Costs and risks of diagnostic tests Evidence-based information Diseases associated with abnormal test results, including test sensitivities Full literature citations with PubMed (PMID) numbers included for each reference More than 24 NEW clinical laboratory test entries, 6 NEW differential diagnosis tables 5 NEW diagnostic algorithms NEW sections on point-of-care testing, provider-performed microscopy, pharmacogenetic testing, and diagnostic echocardiography

Reeder and Felson’s Gamuts in Radiology

Download Reeder and Felson’s Gamuts in Radiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387216863
Total Pages : 1004 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reeder and Felson’s Gamuts in Radiology by : Maurice M. Reeder

Download or read book Reeder and Felson’s Gamuts in Radiology written by Maurice M. Reeder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamuts in Radiology is the world's most complete, best known, and most trusted guide to radiologic differential diagnosis. Since 1975, radiologists the world over have used it to ensure that every diagnostic possibility is considered. For the Fourth Edition, Dr. Maurice M. Reeder has assembled an all-new board of Section Editors who have completely revised and updated their respective sections. New features in the fourth edition include: over 250 new gamuts, updates in more than 80 percent of the previous gamuts, an entire new section on obestetrical ultrasound.

Pocket Guide to Body CT Differential Diagnosis

Download Pocket Guide to Body CT Differential Diagnosis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 9780071344357
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pocket Guide to Body CT Differential Diagnosis by : Richard M. Slone

Download or read book Pocket Guide to Body CT Differential Diagnosis written by Richard M. Slone and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1999 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical, picket-sized guide provides a system-by-system breakdo wn of common and rare differential diangoses as seen in the clinical s etting. For ease of use, common diagnoses are indicated in boldface ty pe with the less common appearing in italics. The book comes straight from the trenches of the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, where it has been battle-tested, streamlined, and improved over the years for residents and fellows in radiology. Aids to differential diagnosis are among the best-selling titles in radiology, and Mallinckrodt's reputa tion as a leading institution of radiology isacepted without question in the field.

Knowledge-based Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems

Download Knowledge-based Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540288953
Total Pages : 1447 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge-based Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems by : Robert J. Howlett

Download or read book Knowledge-based Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems written by Robert J. Howlett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-09 with total page 1447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four volume set LNAI 3681, LNAI 3682, LNAI 3683, and LNAI 3684 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES 2005, held in Melbourne, Australia in September 2005. The 716 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from nearly 1400 submissions. The papers present a wealth of original research results from the field of intelligent information processing in the broadest sense. The second volume contains papers on machine learning, immunity-based systems, medical diagnosis, intelligent hybrid systems and control, emotional intelligence and smart systems, context-aware evolvable systems, intelligent fuzzy systems and control, knowledge representation and its practical application in today's society, approaches and methods into security engineering, communicative intelligence, intelligent watermarking algorithms and applications, intelligent techniques and control, e-learning and ICT, logic based intelligent information systems, intelligent agents and their applications, innovations in intelligent agents, ontologies and the semantic web, knowledge discovery in data streams, computational intelligence tools techniques and algorithms, watermarking applications, multimedia retrieval, soft computing approach to industrial engineering, and experience management and information systems.

Advanced Practice Provider Skills Made Easy: A Practice Guideline

Download Advanced Practice Provider Skills Made Easy: A Practice Guideline PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN 13 : 1284260976
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (842 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Practice Provider Skills Made Easy: A Practice Guideline by : Obi Oji

Download or read book Advanced Practice Provider Skills Made Easy: A Practice Guideline written by Obi Oji and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book offers hands-on clinical skills based on latest evidence-based research and is geared specifically towards advanced practitioner providers (family nurse practitioner students, novice and experienced practitioners, physician assistants, and other advanced practice providers) in primary care settings and focuses on their scope of practice as specified by the state board"--

Basic Radiology, Second Edition

Download Basic Radiology, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071766642
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basic Radiology, Second Edition by : Michael Y. M. Chen

Download or read book Basic Radiology, Second Edition written by Michael Y. M. Chen and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-08-27 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A well-illustrated, systems-based primer on learning radiologic imaging Basic Radiology is the easiest and most effective way for medical students, residents, and clinicians not specializing in radiologic imaging to learn the essentials of diagnostic test selection, application, and interpretation. This trusted guide is unmatched in its ability to teach you how to select and request the most appropriate imaging modality for a patient’s presenting symptoms and familiarize yourself with the most common diseases that current radiologic imaging can best evaluate. Features: More than 800 high-quality images across all modalities A logical organ-system approach Consistent chapter presentation that includes: ---Recap of recent developments in the radiologic imaging of the organ system discussed ---Description of normal anatomy ---Discussion of the most appropriate imaging technique for evaluating that organ system ---Questions and imaging exercises designed to enhance your understanding of key principles Brief list of suggested readings and general references Timely chapter describing the various diagnostic imaging techniques currently available, including conventional radiography, nuclear medicine, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging An important chapter providing an overview of the physics of radiation and its related biological effects, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging

Chest Imaging Cases

Download Chest Imaging Cases PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0195394534
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chest Imaging Cases by : Sanjeev Bhalla

Download or read book Chest Imaging Cases written by Sanjeev Bhalla and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chest Imaging Cases thoroughly encompasses the field of thoracic radiology through 137 cases covering common and challenging radiologic and clinical issues. The cases are divided into categories important for board examinations and clinical practice: diagnoses that should be made on radiography, trachea, esophagus, chest wall, thoracic outlet, congenital lesions, mediastinal lesions, pleura, diaphragm, pulmonary masses, diffuse lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, thoracic trauma, and post-surgical complications. Using a problem and solution format, each case features high-quality images, practical differential diagnoses, approaches to daily practice, management pearls and suggested readings. Concise discussions keep cases brief and informative, allowing for efficient learning and interpretation. Chest Imaging Cases is the essential resource for honing diagnostic skills in thoracic radiology for students, physicians-in-training and practitioners.

Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology - E-Book

Download Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032337025X
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology - E-Book by : Ronald L. Eisenberg

Download or read book Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology - E-Book written by Ronald L. Eisenberg and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain the essential pathology understanding you need to produce quality radiographic images! Covering the disease processes most frequently diagnosed with medical imaging, Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 6th Edition is the perfect pathology resource for acquiring a better understanding of the clinical manifestation of different disease processes, their radiographic appearances, and their treatments. This full-color reference begins with a general overview of physiology, then covers disorders and injuries by body system. The new edition also includes the latest information on CT, MRI, SPECT, PET, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine — including updated radiographer notes, images, and review questions. Thorough explanations and comprehensive coverage aid readers’ understanding of disease processes and their radiographic appearance. Numerous high-quality illustrations covering all modalities clearly demonstrate the clinical manifestations of different disease processes and provide readers with a standard for the high-quality images needed in radiography practice. Discussion of specialized imaging explains how supplemental modalities, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) are sometimes needed to diagnose various pathologies. Treatment coverage provides readers with brief explanations of the most likely treatments and the prognosis for each pathology. Systems-based approach organizes the pathology of various body systems in separate chapters — each chapter provides an initial discussion of general physiology and then explains various pathologic conditions and their radiographic appearance and treatment. Summary Findings tables are a great quick reference guide for practitioners. Consistent organization aids readers in searching for information. Study aids include an outline, key terms, objectives, and review questions for every chapter. Useful appendices include an extensive glossary; a list of major prefixes, roots, and suffixes with definitions and examples; and a table of diagnostic implications of abnormal lab values. NEW! Updated images in all modalities keep readers abreast on the latest advances needed for clinical success. NEW! Updated chapter review questions have been added to the end of every chapter. NEW! Additional review questions on Evolve companion site provide students with extra resources to prepare for certification. NEW! Updated radiographer notes incorporate current digital imaging information for both computed radiography and direct digital capture.

A Medication Guide to Internal Medicine Tests and Procedures, E-Book

Download A Medication Guide to Internal Medicine Tests and Procedures, E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323790089
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Medication Guide to Internal Medicine Tests and Procedures, E-Book by : Gregory J. Hughes

Download or read book A Medication Guide to Internal Medicine Tests and Procedures, E-Book written by Gregory J. Hughes and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a unified resource for both clinicians and pharmacists, A Medication Guide to Internal Medicine Tests and Procedures provides concise, focused answers to common medication questions before, during, and after internal medicine tests and procedures. Co-authored by experienced physicians and clinical pharmacists, this unique, time-saving reference brings together essential information for healthcare providers and students in a convenient, highly templated, pocket-sized book. - Addresses the many medication questions surrounding 54 of the most commonly used tests and procedures. - Ensures proper peri-procedural management by addressing what medications need to be administered or held ahead of a specific test. - Provides foundational guidance on the diagnostic process, anticoagulation and glycemic management in the periprocedural period, and anesthesia, followed by highly templated chapters arranged alphabetically by procedure name. - Includes brief descriptions of tests, how they are performed, and common findings. - Helps readers avoid interference with tests and unnecessary adverse effects, optimizing patient outcomes. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Emergency Medicine Review E-Book

Download Emergency Medicine Review E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1437735886
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emergency Medicine Review E-Book by : Richard A. Harrigan

Download or read book Emergency Medicine Review E-Book written by Richard A. Harrigan and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emergency Medicine Review: Preparing for the Boards, by Richard Harrigan, Matthew Tripp, and Jacob Ufberg, uniquely combines a comprehensive, bulleted review of all required subjects with a thorough practice exam of board-style questions, giving you all the tools you need to be prepared and confident during the American Board of Emergency Medicine's qualifying exam and beyond! - A comprehensive, bulleted review section allows you to efficiently brush up on every area tested on the exam. - Over 200 illustrations challenge you to correctly identify images, read ECGs, and interpret other visual elements crucial to successful completion of the exam. - Answers and detailed explanations for every question enable you to fill any gaps in your knowledge. - Content based on The Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, from which the boards and ConCert exams are also derived, lets you focus on the most essential information in the field.

Clinician's Pocket Reference, 11th Edition

Download Clinician's Pocket Reference, 11th Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071731164
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinician's Pocket Reference, 11th Edition by : Leonard G. Gomella

Download or read book Clinician's Pocket Reference, 11th Edition written by Leonard G. Gomella and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2009-08-18 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-known entry in the LANGE series is a true must-have for third and fourth year medical students Revised format and design delivers bulleted, concise information as well as numerous flow charts and tables Thoroughly updated and revised with particular attention on topics such as clinical microbiology, critical care, emergencies, and commonly used medications

Emergency Radiology: Case Studies

Download Emergency Radiology: Case Studies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071593098
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (715 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emergency Radiology: Case Studies by : David T. Schwartz

Download or read book Emergency Radiology: Case Studies written by David T. Schwartz and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-11-26 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively and confidently interpret even the most challenging radiographic study A Doody's Core Title! "...should be a part of every emergency medicine resident's personal library. In addition to residents, I would highly recommend this book to medical students, midlevel providers and any other physician who is interested in improving their ability to interpret radiographic studies necessary to diagnose common emergency medicine patient complaints."--Annals of Emergency Medicine 4 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! "The purpose is to help improve the reader's skills in ordering and interpreting radiographs. The focus is on conventional radiographs, as well as noncontrast head CT. For emergency physicians this is a vital skill, which can greatly aid in making difficult diagnoses. The book is well written and thorough in addressing how to read radiographs, as well as covering easy to miss findings. The numerous pictures and radiographs are invaluable in demonstrating the author's teaching points and in engaging the reader in the clinical cases....This well written book will be extremely useful for practicing emergency physicians. The clinical cases are interesting and help challenge the reader to improve their skills at evaluating radiographs more thoroughly."--Doody's Review Service Emergency Radiology: Case Studies is a one-of-a-kind text specifically designed to help you fine-tune your emergency radiographic interpretation and problem-solving skills. Illustrated with hundreds of high-resolution images, this reference covers the full range of clinical problems in which radiographic studies play a key role.Dr. David Schwartz, a leading educator, takes you step-by-step through the radiographic analysis of medical, surgical, and traumatic disorders, giving you an unparalleled review of the use and interpretation of radiographic studies in emergency diagnosis. Features 55 cases studies that highlight challenging areas in emergency diagnosis, including imaging studies with subtle, equivocal, or potentially misleading findings Detailed coverage of the broad spectrum of disorders for which radiographs are utilized in emergency practice Coverage of chest and abdominal radiology, the extremities, cervical spine and facial radiology, and head CT Cohesive template for each chapter, beginning with a case presentation, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the disorder under consideration Sections begin with an overview of the pertinent radiographic technique, anatomy, and method of radiographic interpretation Diagnosis-accelerating radiographs, ultrasound images, CT scans, and MR images Invaluable “pearls and pitfalls” of radiographic interpretation

Textbook of Radiology And Imaging, Volume 1- E-Book

Download Textbook of Radiology And Imaging, Volume 1- E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 8131259633
Total Pages : 1446 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Textbook of Radiology And Imaging, Volume 1- E-Book by : Bharat Aggarwal

Download or read book Textbook of Radiology And Imaging, Volume 1- E-Book written by Bharat Aggarwal and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 1446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a classic guide for trainees and practitioners with a comprehensive overhaul, this book successfully bridges the gap between advancing technology, terminology, and the emergence of new diseases. With its all-encompassing approach, this book serves as the ultimate resource for radiology professionals, eliminating the need for multiple texts on various systems and recent updates. Trainees and practitioners alike will find immense value, as it caters to both skill enhancement and exam preparation for residents.For trainees, the book provides essential tools to elevate their expertise as it covers various topics. Meanwhile, community practitioners will greatly benefit from evidence-based guidelines and protocols presented in the book. - The new edition of Sutton retains the overall format, presentation style and comprehensive coverage of the previous editions. - Significant advances in imaging techniques and newer applications of different modalities have been incorporated in all sections - Radiology lexicons and updated classification systems for various diseases have been included. There is emphasis on differential diagnosis, appropriateness criteria and disease management. - Salient features have been highlighted as imaging pearls and teaching points. - New sections for Imaging Physics & Principles of Imaging, Emergency Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine have been added to make the book more comprehensive. - Crucial topics on patient safety, quality assurance and structured reporting have been included to help radiologists become processes driven and ensure better patient care. - Chapters on Information technology and Artificial intelligence introduce residents to the digital environment that we live in and its impact on day to day practice. - A section on Interventional Radiology has been included to enable residents to get a deeper understanding of this subspeciality and explore its scope in modern medicine. - This edition of Sutton is aimed at presenting an exhaustive teaching and reference text for radiologists and other clinical specialists.