Fundamentals of Graphics Using MATLAB

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 042959173X
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Graphics Using MATLAB by : Ranjan Parekh

Download or read book Fundamentals of Graphics Using MATLAB written by Ranjan Parekh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces fundamental concepts and principles of 2D and 3D graphics and is written for undergraduate and postgraduate students of computer science, graphics, multimedia, and data science. It demonstrates the use of MATLAB® programming for solving problems related to graphics and discusses a variety of visualization tools to generate graphs and plots. The book covers important concepts like transformation, projection, surface generation, parametric representation, curve fitting, interpolation, vector representation, and texture mapping, all of which can be used in a wide variety of educational and research fields. Theoretical concepts are illustrated using a large number of practical examples and programming codes, which can be used to visualize and verify the results. Key Features: Covers fundamental concepts and principles of 2D and 3D graphics Demonstrates the use of MATLAB® programming for solving problems on graphics Provides MATLAB® codes as answers to specific numerical problems Provides codes in a simple copy and execute format for the novice learner Focuses on learning through visual representation with extensive use of graphs and plots Helps the reader gain in-depth knowledge about the subject matter through practical examples Contains review questions and practice problems with answers for self-evaluation

MATLAB and Simulink In-Depth

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Publisher : BPB Publications
ISBN 13 : 935551199X
Total Pages : 699 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis MATLAB and Simulink In-Depth by : Priyanka Patankar

Download or read book MATLAB and Simulink In-Depth written by Priyanka Patankar and published by BPB Publications. This book was released on 2022-08-17 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model-based Development: Beginner’s Approach KEY FEATURES ● Includes numerous practical examples and troubleshooting hints on using Simulink ● An extensive development guide on MATLAB, Simulink, and Stateflow principles. ● Effective instructions for passing MATLAB modeling interviews and examinations DESCRIPTION MATLAB and Simulink In-Depth' is a thorough introduction to MATLAB, Simulink, and Stateflow principles. It establishes a solid foundation for methodologies commonly employed in model-based development. The book demonstrates how readers can perform algorithm construction and assessment faster than ever. The book covers most contemporary issues with real-world examples. The book begins with MATLAB experience by configuring the system environment. Then, it will help readers to get acquainted with MATLAB's history and key features. The book helps in getting familiar with the desktop user interface and fundamental instructions of MATLAB, as well as data visualization. It helps to investigate Simulink's core features, configuration settings, and libraries. It explains the step-by-step process to design and simulate a basic Simulink model. It also helps to investigate advanced modeling techniques, including custom libraries, model referencing, and subsystems. In addition, the book explains the construction of test environments and model simulation. It explores Stateflow topics such as flow graphs, hierarchical models, conditions, actions, and transitions. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Work with MATLAB syntax, commands, functions, and libraries and with the user interface and visualization. ● Create fundamental models, configure model parameters, and utilize libraries. ● Perform model referencing, simulation, visualization and debugging with Simulink. ● Familiarize yourself with Stateflow, flow graph, Statechart, truth table, including states, actions, transitions and junctions. ● Implement the hierarchical state model, perform event-based execution, parsing, and debugging operations. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book has been prepared keeping in mind the needs of students, teachers, researchers, professionals as well as technology enthusiasts. This book has been written primarily for beginners to help them realize the essential principles and capabilities of MATLAB, Simulink, and Stateflow. After reading this book, the reader will have a solid foundation of Model-based design and Simulation. Having basic programming skills will make the learning process more efficient and fun. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: MATLAB 1. Introduction to MATLAB 2. MATLAB Desktop Interface 3. MATLAB Basics 4. Programming basics, Control Flow and Visualization Section II: Simulink 5. Introduction to Simulink 6. Simulink Editor with Environment 7. Library Browser Overview 8. Configuration Parameter Settings 9. Advanced Modelling Techniques- I 10. Advanced Modelling Techniques- II Section III: Stateflow 11. Getting started with Stateflow 12. Flow Graph 13. Statechart and Hierarchical State Model 14. Event-Based Execution 15. Stateflow Parsing and Debugging

Using Math to Design a Roller Coaster

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Author :
Publisher : Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP
ISBN 13 : 9780836867664
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (676 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Math to Design a Roller Coaster by : Hilary Koll

Download or read book Using Math to Design a Roller Coaster written by Hilary Koll and published by Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP. This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains how math skills are needed to inspect structures for safety and includes math activities using real-life data and facts about roller coasters.

MATLAB Handbook with Applications to Mathematics, Science, Engineering, and Finance

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351856170
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis MATLAB Handbook with Applications to Mathematics, Science, Engineering, and Finance by : Jose Miguel David Baez-Lopez

Download or read book MATLAB Handbook with Applications to Mathematics, Science, Engineering, and Finance written by Jose Miguel David Baez-Lopez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this handbook is to allow users to learn and master the mathematics software package MATLAB®, as well as to serve as a quick reference to some of the most used instructions in the package. A unique feature of this handbook is that it can be used by the novice and by experienced users alike. For experienced users, it has four chapters with examples and applications in engineering, finance, physics, and optimization. Exercises are included, along with solutions available for the interested reader on the book’s web page. These exercises are a complement for the interested reader who wishes to get a deeper understanding of MATLAB. Features Covers both MATLAB and introduction to Simulink Covers the use of GUIs in MATLAB and Simulink Offers downloadable examples and programs from the handbook’s website Provides an introduction to object oriented programming using MATLAB Includes applications from many areas Includes the realization of executable files for MATLAB programs and Simulink models

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Author :
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN 13 : 9780763757533
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (575 download)

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Book Synopsis by : Gareth Williams

Download or read book written by Gareth Williams and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2007-08-17 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear Algebra with Applications, Sixth Edition is designed for the introductory course in linear algebra typically offered at the sophomore level. The new Sixth Edition is reorganized and arranged into three important parts. Part 1 introduces the basics, presenting the systems of linear equations, vectors in Rn, matrices, linear transformations, and determinants. Part 2 builds on this material to discuss general vector spaces, such as spaces of matrices and functions. Part 3 completes the course with many of the important ideas and methods in Numerical Linear Algebra, such as ill-conditioning, pivoting, and the LU decomposition. New applications include the role of linear algebra in the operation of the search engine Google and the global structure of the worldwide air transportation network have been added as a means of presenting real-world scenarios of the many functions of linear algebra in modern technology. Clear, Concise, Comprehensive - Linear Algebra with Applications, Sixth Edition continues to educate and enlighten students, providing a broad exposure to the many facets of the field.

Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642162762
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems by : Holger Giese

Download or read book Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems written by Holger Giese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thetopicof“Model-BasedEngineeringofReal-TimeEmbeddedSystems”brings together a challenging problem domain (real-time embedded systems) and a - lution domain (model-based engineering). It is also at the forefrontof integrated software and systems engineering, as software in this problem domain is an essential tool for system implementation and integration. Today, real-time - bedded software plays a crucial role in most advanced technical systems such as airplanes, mobile phones, and cars, and has become the main driver and - cilitator for innovation. Development, evolution, veri?cation, con?guration, and maintenance of embedded and distributed software nowadays are often serious challenges as drastic increases in complexity can be observed in practice. Model-based engineering in general, and model-based software development in particular, advocates the notion of using models throughout the development and life-cycle of an engineered system. Model-based software engineering re- forces this notion by promoting models not only as the tool of abstraction, but also as the tool for veri?cation, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The application of such model-based engineering techniques to embedded real-time systems appears to be a good candidate to tackle some of the problems arising in the problem domain.

Handbook of Linear Partial Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466581492
Total Pages : 1623 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Linear Partial Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists by : Andrei D. Polyanin

Download or read book Handbook of Linear Partial Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists written by Andrei D. Polyanin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-23 with total page 1623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition contains nearly 4,000 linear partial differential equations (PDEs) with solutions as well as analytical, symbolic, and numerical methods for solving linear equations. First-, second-, third-, fourth-, and higher-order linear equations and systems of coupled equations are considered. Equations of parabolic, mixed, and other types are discussed. New linear equations, exact solutions, transformations, and methods are described. Formulas for effective construction of solutions are given. Boundary value and eigenvalue problems are addressed. Symbolic and numerical methods for solving PDEs with Maple, Mathematica, and MATLAB are explored.

Partial Differential Equations

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Author :
Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 9780898718270
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis Partial Differential Equations by : R. M. M. Mattheij

Download or read book Partial Differential Equations written by R. M. M. Mattheij and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Partial differential equations (PDEs) are used to describe a large variety of physical phenomena, from fluid flow to electromagnetic fields, and are indispensable to such disparate fields as aircraft simulation and computer graphics. While most existing texts on PDEs deal with either analytical or numerical aspects of PDEs, this innovative and comprehensive textbook features a unique approach that integrates analysis and numerical solution methods and includes a third component - modeling - to address real-life problems. The authors believe that modeling can be learned only by doing; hence a separate chapter containing 16 user-friendly case studies of elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic equations is included and numerous exercises are included in all other chapters.

MATLAB Guide

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Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 1611974666
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis MATLAB Guide by : Desmond J. Higham

Download or read book MATLAB Guide written by Desmond J. Higham and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MATLAB is an interactive system for numerical computation that is widely used for teaching and research in industry and academia. It provides a modern programming language and problem solving environment, with powerful data structures, customizable graphics, and easy-to-use editing and debugging tools. This third edition of MATLAB Guide completely revises and updates the best-selling second edition and is more than 30 percent longer. The book remains a lively, concise introduction to the most popular and important features of MATLAB and the Symbolic Math Toolbox. Key features are a tutorial in Chapter 1 that gives a hands-on overview of MATLAB; a thorough treatment of MATLAB mathematics, including the linear algebra and numerical analysis functions and the differential equation solvers; and a web page at http://www.siam.org/books/ot150 that provides example program files, updates, and links to MATLAB resources. The new edition contains color figures throughout; includes pithy discussions of related topics in new ?Asides" boxes that augment the text; has new chapters on the Parallel Computing Toolbox, object-oriented programming, graphs, and large data sets; covers important new MATLAB data types such as categorical arrays, string arrays, tall arrays, tables, and timetables; contains more on MATLAB workflow, including the Live Editor and unit tests; and fully reflects major updates to the MATLAB graphics system. This book is suitable for both beginners and more experienced users, including students, researchers, and practitioners.

NASA Tech Briefs

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis NASA Tech Briefs by :

Download or read book NASA Tech Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540326138
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave by : Alfio Quarteroni

Download or read book Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave written by Alfio Quarteroni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to Scientific Computing illustrates several numerical methods for the computer solution of certain classes of mathematical problems. The authors show how to compute the zeros or the integrals of continuous functions, solve linear systems, approximate functions by polynomials and construct accurate approximations for the solution of differential equations. To make the presentation concrete, the programming environment Matlab is adopted as a faithful companion.

Real-Time Simulation Technologies: Principles, Methodologies, and Applications

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351833391
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Real-Time Simulation Technologies: Principles, Methodologies, and Applications by : Katalin Popovici

Download or read book Real-Time Simulation Technologies: Principles, Methodologies, and Applications written by Katalin Popovici and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real-Time Simulation Technologies: Principles, Methodologies, and Applications is an edited compilation of work that explores fundamental concepts and basic techniques of real-time simulation for complex and diverse systems across a broad spectrum. Useful for both new entrants and experienced experts in the field, this book integrates coverage of detailed theory, acclaimed methodological approaches, entrenched technologies, and high-value applications of real-time simulation—all from the unique perspectives of renowned international contributors. Because it offers an accurate and otherwise unattainable assessment of how a system will behave over a particular time frame, real-time simulation is increasingly critical to the optimization of dynamic processes and adaptive systems in a variety of enterprises. These range in scope from the maintenance of the national power grid, to space exploration, to the development of virtual reality programs and cyber-physical systems. This book outlines how, for these and other undertakings, engineers must assimilate real-time data with computational tools for rapid decision making under uncertainty. Clarifying the central concepts behind real-time simulation tools and techniques, this one-of-a-kind resource: Discusses the state of the art, important challenges, and high-impact developments in simulation technologies Provides a basis for the study of real-time simulation as a fundamental and foundational technology Helps readers develop and refine principles that are applicable across a wide variety of application domains As science moves toward more advanced technologies, unconventional design approaches, and unproven regions of the design space, simulation tools are increasingly critical to successful design and operation of technical systems in a growing number of application domains. This must-have resource presents detailed coverage of real-time simulation for system design, parallel and distributed simulations, industry tools, and a large set of applications.

Specification and Design Methodology for Real-Time Embedded Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461508371
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Specification and Design Methodology for Real-Time Embedded Systems by : Randall S. Janka

Download or read book Specification and Design Methodology for Real-Time Embedded Systems written by Randall S. Janka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specification and design methodology has seen significant growth as a research area over the last decade, tracking but lagging behind VLSI design technology in general and the CAD industry in particular. The commercial rush to market tries to leverage existing technology which fuels CAD design tool development. Paralleling this is very active basic and applied research to investigate and move forward rational and effective methodologies for accomplishing digital design, especially in the field of hardware/software codesign. It is this close relationship between industry and academia that makes close cooperation between researchers and practitioners so important-and monographs like this that combine both abstract concept and pragmatic implementation deftly bridge this often gaping chasm. It was at the IEEE/ACM Eighth International Symposium on Hardware/Software Codesign where I met the author of this monograph, Dr. Randall Janka, who was presenting some of his recent dissertation research results on specification and design methodology, or as he has so succinctly defined this sometimes ambiguous concept, "the tools and rules." Where so many codesign researchers are trying to prove out different aspects of codesign and using toy applications to do so, Dr. Janka had developed a complete specification and design methodology and prototyped the infrastructure-and proven its viability, utility, and effectiveness using a demanding real-world application of a real-time synthetic aperture radar imaging processor that was implemented with embedded parallel processors.

Modern Sensors, Transducers and Sensor Networks

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Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 8461596137
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Sensors, Transducers and Sensor Networks by : Sergey Yurish

Download or read book Modern Sensors, Transducers and Sensor Networks written by Sergey Yurish and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modern Sensors, Transducers and Sensor Networks is the first book from the Advances in Sensors: Reviews book Series contains dozen collected sensor related, advanced state-of-the-art reviews written by 31 internationaly recognized experts from academia and industry. Built upon the series Advances in Sensors: Reviews - a premier sensor review source, it presents an overview of highlights in the field. Coverage includes current developments in sensing nanomaterials, technologies, MEMS sensor design, synthesis, modeling and applications of sensors, transducers and wireless sensor networks, signal detection and advanced signal processing, as well as new sensing principles and methods of measurements. This volume is divided into three main sections: physical sensors, chemical sensors and biosensors, and sensor networks including sensor technology, sensor market reviews and applications." -- Back cover.

Advances in Intelligent Control Systems and Computer Science

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642325483
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Intelligent Control Systems and Computer Science by : Loan Dumitrache

Download or read book Advances in Intelligent Control Systems and Computer Science written by Loan Dumitrache and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conception of real-time control networks taking into account, as an integrating approach, both the specific aspects of information and knowledge processing and the dynamic and energetic particularities of physical processes and of communication networks is representing one of the newest scientific and technological challenges. The new paradigm of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) reflects this tendency and will certainly change the evolution of the technology, with major social and economic impact. This book presents significant results in the field of process control and advanced information and knowledge processing, with applications in the fields of robotics, biotechnology, environment, energy, transportation, et al.. It introduces intelligent control concepts and strategies as well as real-time implementation aspects for complex control approaches. One of the sections is dedicated to the complex problem of designing software systems for distributed information processing networks. Problems as complexity and specific instruments for modeling and control are also presented in a group of papers which identifies a large opening towards the new generation of CPS. The book is structured so as to ensure a good equilibrium between conceptual and applicative aspects.

Understanding and mitigating cyberfraud in Africa

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Publisher : AOSIS
ISBN 13 : 1991271085
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding and mitigating cyberfraud in Africa by : Oluwatoyin E. Akinbowale

Download or read book Understanding and mitigating cyberfraud in Africa written by Oluwatoyin E. Akinbowale and published by AOSIS. This book was released on 2024-06-30 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the overview of cyberfraud and the associated global statistics. It demonstrates practicable techniques that financial institutions can employ to make effective decisions geared towards cyberfraud mitigation. Furthermore, the book contains some emerging technologies, such as information and communication technologies (ICT), forensic accounting, big data technologies, tools and analytics employed in fraud mitigation. In addition, it highlights the implementation of some techniques, such as the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and system thinking approach to address information and security challenges. The book combines a case study, empirical findings, a systematic literature review and theoretical and conceptual concepts to provide practicable solutions to mitigate cyberfraud. The major contributions of this book include the demonstration of digital and emerging techniques, such as forensic accounting for cyber fraud mitigation. It also provides in-depth statistics about cyber fraud, its causes, its threat actors, practicable mitigation solutions, and the application of a theoretical framework for fraud profiling and mitigation.

On protein structure, function and modularity from an evolutionary perspective

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176853470
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis On protein structure, function and modularity from an evolutionary perspective by : Robert Pilstål

Download or read book On protein structure, function and modularity from an evolutionary perspective written by Robert Pilstål and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are compounded entities, given life by a complex molecular machinery. When studying these molecules we have to make sense of a diverse set of dynamical nanostructures with wast and intricate patterns of interactions. Protein polymers is one of the major groups of building blocks of such nanostructures which fold up into more or less distinct three dimensional structures. Due to their shape, dynamics and chemical properties proteins are able to perform a plethora of specific functions essential to all known cellular lifeforms. The connection between protein sequence, translated into protein structure and in the continuation into protein function is well accepted but poorly understood. Malfunction in the process of protein folding is known to be implicated in natural aging, cancer and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Protein folds are described hierarchically by structural ontologies such as SCOP, CATH and Pfam all which has yet to succeed in deciphering the natural language of protein function. These paradigmatic views centered on protein structure fail to describe more mutable entities, such as intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which lack a clear defined structure. As of 2012, about two thirds of cancer patients was predicted to survive past 5 years of diagnosis. Despite this, about a third do not survive and numerous of successfully treated patients suffer from secondary conditions due to chemotherapy, surgery and the like. In order to handle cancer more efficiently we have to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Elusive to standard methods of investigation, IDPs have a central role in pathology; dysfunction in IDPs are key factors in cellular system failures such as cancer, as many IDPs are hub regulators for major cell functions. These IDPs carry short conserved functional boxes, that are not described by known ontologies, which suggests the existence of a smaller entity. In an investigation of a pair of such boxes of c-MYC, a plausible structural model of its interacting with Pin1 emerged, but such a model still leaves the observer with a puzzle of understanding the actual function of that interaction. If the protein is represented as a graph and modeled as the interaction patterns instead of as a structural entity, another picture emerges. As a graph, there is a parable from that of the boxes of IDPs, to that of sectors of allosterically connected residues and the theory of foldons and folding units. Such a description is also useful in deciphering the implications of specific mutations. In order to render a functional description feasible for both structured and disordered proteins, there is a need of a model separate from form and structure. Realized as protein primes, patterns of interaction, which has a specific function that can be defined as prime interactions and context. With function defined as interactions, it might be possible that the discussion of proteins and their mechanisms is thereby simplified to the point rendering protein structural determination merely supplementary to understanding protein function. Människan byggs upp av celler, de i sin tur består av än mindre beståndsdelar; livets molekyler. Dessa fungerar som mekaniska byggstenar, likt maskiner och robotar som sliter vid fabrikens band; envar utförandes en absolut nödvändig funktion för cellens, och hela kroppens, fortsatta överlevnad. De av livets molekyler som beskrivs centralt i den här avhandling är proteiner, vilka i sin tur består utav en lång kedja, med olika typer av länkar, som likt garn lindar upp sig i ett nystan av en (mer eller mindre...) bestämd struktur som avgör dess roll och funktion i cellen. Intrinsiellt oordnade proteiner (IDP) går emot denna enkla åskådning; de är proteiner som saknar struktur och beter sig mer likt spaghetti i vatten än en maskin. IDP är ändå funktionella och bär på centrala roller i cellens maskineri; exempel är oncoproteinet c-Myc som agerar "gaspedal" för cellen - fel i c-Myc's funktion leder till att cellerna löper amok, delar sig hejdlöst och vi får cancer. Man har upptäckt att c-Myc har en ombytlig struktur vi inte kan se; studier av punktvisa förändringar, mutationer, i kedjan av byggstenar hos c-Myc visar att många länkar har viktiga roller i funktionen. Detta ger oss bättre förståelse om cancer men samtidigt är laboratoriearbetet både komplicerat och dyrt; här kan evolutionen vägleda oss och avslöja hemligheterna snabbare. Molekylär evolution studeras genom att beräkna variation i proteinkedjan mellan besläktade arter som finns lagrade i databaser; detta visar snabbt, via nätverksanalys och grafteori, vilka delar av proteinet som är centrala och kopplade till varandra av nödvändighet för artens fortlevnad. På så vis hjälper evolutionen oss att förstå proteinfunktioner via modeller baserade på proteinernas interaktioner snarare än deras struktur. Samma modeller kan nyttjas för att förstå dynamiska förlopp och skillnader mellan normala och patologiska varianter av proteiner; mutationer kan uppstå i vår arvsmassa som kan leda till sjukdom. Genom analys av proteinernas kopplingsnätverk i grafmodellerna kan man bättre förutsäga vilka mutationer som är farligare än andra. Dessutom har det visat sig att en sådan representation kan ge bättre förståelse för den normala funktionen hos ett protein än vad en proteinstruktur kan. Här introduceras även konceptet proteinprimärer, vilket är en abstrakt representation av proteiner centrerad på deras interaktiva mönster, snarare än på partikulär form och struktur. Det är en förhoppning att en sådan representation skall förenkla diskussionen anbelangande proteinfunktion så till den grad att strukturbestämmelse av proteiner, som är en mycket kostsam och tidskrävande process, till viss mån kan anses vara sekundär i betydelse jämfört med funktionellt modellerande baserat på evolutionära data extraherade ur våra sekvensdatabaser.