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Massively Parallel Spiking Neural Circuits
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Book Synopsis Reconstruction, Identification and Implementation Methods for Spiking Neural Circuits by : Dorian Florescu
Download or read book Reconstruction, Identification and Implementation Methods for Spiking Neural Circuits written by Dorian Florescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is motivated by the ongoing open question of how information in the outside world is represented and processed by the brain. Consequently, several novel methods are developed. A new mathematical formulation is proposed for the encoding and decoding of analog signals using integrate-and-fire neuron models. Based on this formulation, a novel algorithm, significantly faster than the state-of-the-art method, is proposed for reconstructing the input of the neuron. Two new identification methods are proposed for neural circuits comprising a filter in series with a spiking neuron model. These methods reduce the number of assumptions made by the state-of-the-art identification framework, allowing for a wider range of models of sensory processing circuits to be inferred directly from input-output observations. A third contribution is an algorithm that computes the spike time sequence generated by an integrate-and-fire neuron model in response to the output of a linear filter, given the input of the filter encoded with the same neuron model.
Book Synopsis Spike-based learning application for neuromorphic engineering by : Anup Das
Download or read book Spike-based learning application for neuromorphic engineering written by Anup Das and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-22 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) closely imitate biological networks. Information processing occurs in both spatial and temporal manner, making SNN extremely interesting for the pertinent mimicking of the biological brain. Biological brains code and transmit the sensory information in the form of spikes that capture the spatial and temporal information of the environment with amazing precision. This information is processed in an asynchronous way by the neural layer performing recognition of complex spatio-temporal patterns with sub-milliseconds delay and at with a power budget in the order of 20W. The efficient spike coding mechanism and the asynchronous and sparse processing and communication of spikes seems to be key in the energy efficiency and high-speed computation capabilities of biological brains. SNN low-power and event-based computation make them more attractive when compared to other artificial neural networks (ANN).
Book Synopsis Neural Information Processing by : Akira Hirose
Download or read book Neural Information Processing written by Akira Hirose and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four volume set LNCS 9947, LNCS 9948, LNCS 9949, and LNCS 9950 constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2016, held in Kyoto, Japan, in October 2016. The 296 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 431 submissions. The 4 volumes are organized in topical sections on deep and reinforcement learning; big data analysis; neural data analysis; robotics and control; bio-inspired/energy efficient information processing; whole brain architecture; neurodynamics; bioinformatics; biomedical engineering; data mining and cybersecurity workshop; machine learning; neuromorphic hardware; sensory perception; pattern recognition; social networks; brain-machine interface; computer vision; time series analysis; data-driven approach for extracting latent features; topological and graph based clustering methods; computational intelligence; data mining; deep neural networks; computational and cognitive neurosciences; theory and algorithms.
Book Synopsis Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Systems by : Christian Mayr
Download or read book Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Systems written by Christian Mayr and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-26 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most striking properties of biological systems is their ability to learn and adapt to ever changing environmental conditions, tasks and stimuli. It emerges from a number of different forms of plasticity, that change the properties of the computing substrate, mainly acting on the modification of the strength of synaptic connections that gate the flow of information across neurons. Plasticity is an essential ingredient for building artificial autonomous cognitive agents that can learn to reliably and meaningfully interact with the real world. For this reason, the neuromorphic community at large has put substantial effort in the design of different forms of plasticity and in putting them to practical use. These plasticity forms comprise, among others, Short Term Depression and Facilitation, Homeostasis, Spike Frequency Adaptation and diverse forms of Hebbian learning (e.g. Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity). This special research topic collects the most advanced developments in the design of the diverse forms of plasticity, from the single circuit to the system level, as well as their exploitation in the implementation of cognitive systems.
Book Synopsis Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems by : Nathan F. Lepora
Download or read book Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems written by Nathan F. Lepora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the second International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2013, held in London, UK, in July/August 2013. The 65 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from various submissions. The papers are targeted at the intersection of research on novel live-like technologies inspired by scientific investigation of biological systems, biomimetics, and research that seeks to interface biological and artificial systems to create biohybrid systems
Book Synopsis Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning -- ICANN 2012 by : Alessandro Villa
Download or read book Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning -- ICANN 2012 written by Alessandro Villa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set LNCS 7552 + 7553 constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, ICANN 2012, held in Lausanne, Switzerland, in September 2012. The 162 papers included in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 247 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: theoretical neural computation; information and optimization; from neurons to neuromorphism; spiking dynamics; from single neurons to networks; complex firing patterns; movement and motion; from sensation to perception; object and face recognition; reinforcement learning; bayesian and echo state networks; recurrent neural networks and reservoir computing; coding architectures; interacting with the brain; swarm intelligence and decision-making; mulitlayer perceptrons and kernel networks; training and learning; inference and recognition; support vector machines; self-organizing maps and clustering; clustering, mining and exploratory analysis; bioinformatics; and time weries and forecasting.
Book Synopsis Design and Applications of Emerging Computer Systems by : Weiqiang Liu
Download or read book Design and Applications of Emerging Computer Systems written by Weiqiang Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Towards an Integrated Approach to Measurement, Analysis and Modeling of Cortical Networks by : A. Ravishankar Rao
Download or read book Towards an Integrated Approach to Measurement, Analysis and Modeling of Cortical Networks written by A. Ravishankar Rao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amount of data being produced by neuroscientists is increasing rapidly, driven by advances in neuroimaging and recording techniques spanning multiple scales of resolution. The availability of such data poses significant challenges for their processing and interpretation. To gain a deeper understanding of the surrounding issues, the Editors of this e-Book reached out to an interdisciplinary community, and formed the Cortical Networks Working Group, and the genesis of this e-Book thus began with the formation of this Working Group, which was supported by the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis in the USA. The Group consisted of scientists from neuroscience, physics, psychology and computer science, and meetings were held in person. (A detailed list of the group members is presented in the Editorial that follows.) At the time we started, in 2010, the term “big data” was hardly in existence, though the volume of data we were handling would certainly have qualified. Furthermore, there was significant interest in harnessing the power of supercomputers to perform large scale neuronal simulations, and in creating specialized hardware to mimic neural function. We realized that the various disciplines represented in our Group could and should work together to accelerate progress in Neuroscience. We searched for common threads that could define the foundation for an integrated approach to solve important problems in the field. We adopted a network-centric perspective to address these challenges, as the data are derived from structures that are themselves network-like. We proposed three inter-twined threads, consisting of measurement of neural activity, analysis of network structures deduced from this activity, and modeling of network function, leading to theoretical insights. This approach formed the foundation of our initial call for papers. When we issued the call for papers, we were not sure how many papers would fall into each of these threads. We were pleased that we found significant interest in each thread, and the number of submissions exceeded our expectations. This is an indication that the field of neuroscience is ripe for the type of integration and interchange that we had anticipated. We first published a special topics issue after we received a sufficient number of submissions. This is now being converted to an e-book to strengthen the coherence of its contributions. One of the strong themes emerging in this e-book is that network-based measures capture better the dynamics of brain processes, and provide features with greater discriminative power than point-based measures. Another theme is the importance of network oscillations and synchrony. Current research is shedding light on the principles that govern the establishment and maintenance of network oscillation states. These principles could explain why there is impaired synchronization between different brain areas in schizophrenics and Parkinson’s patients. Such research could ultimately provide the foundation for an understanding of other psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. The chapters in this book cover these three main threads related to cortical networks. Some authors have combined two or more threads within a single chapter. We expect the availability of related work appearing in a single e-book to help our readers see the connection between different research efforts, and spur further insights and research.
Book Synopsis Cameron's Thesis by : Cameron Patterson
Download or read book Cameron's Thesis written by Cameron Patterson and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the visualisation and management of large-scale computer hardware is difficult due to its distributed nature. This thesis develops a framework to support both these goals on the SpiNNaker neural network architecture - which can scale to more than a million processors. The solution provides visualisation and management to the SpiNNaker machine, traversing the hardware and software divide to provide a unified solution for the real-time monitoring of artificial neural networks, and the SpiNNaker hardware on which it runs. This book is the story of its development
Book Synopsis Generalizing from Limited Resources in the Open World by : Jinyang Guo
Download or read book Generalizing from Limited Resources in the Open World written by Jinyang Guo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the Proceedings from the Second International Workshop GLOW 2024 held in conjunction with the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2024, in Jeju Island, South Korea, in August 2024. The 11 full papers and 4 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: efficient methods for low-resource hardware; efficient fintuning with limited data; advancements in multimodal systems; recognition and reasoning in the open world.
Book Synopsis Form Versus Function: Theory and Models for Neuronal Substrates by : Mihai Alexandru Petrovici
Download or read book Form Versus Function: Theory and Models for Neuronal Substrates written by Mihai Alexandru Petrovici and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-19 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses one of the most fundamental challenges for modern science: how can the brain as a network of neurons process information, how can it create and store internal models of our world, and how can it infer conclusions from ambiguous data? The author addresses these questions with the rigorous language of mathematics and theoretical physics, an approach that requires a high degree of abstraction to transfer results of wet lab biology to formal models. The thesis starts with an in-depth description of the state-of-the-art in theoretical neuroscience, which it subsequently uses as a basis to develop several new and original ideas. Throughout the text, the author connects the form and function of neuronal networks. This is done in order to achieve functional performance of biological brains by transferring their form to synthetic electronics substrates, an approach referred to as neuromorphic computing. The obvious aspect that this transfer can never be perfect but necessarily leads to performance differences is substantiated and explored in detail. The author also introduces a novel interpretation of the firing activity of neurons. He proposes a probabilistic interpretation of this activity and shows by means of formal derivations that stochastic neurons can sample from internally stored probability distributions. This is corroborated by the author’s recent findings, which confirm that biological features like the high conductance state of networks enable this mechanism. The author goes on to show that neural sampling can be implemented on synthetic neuromorphic circuits, paving the way for future applications in machine learning and cognitive computing, for example as energy-efficient implementations of deep learning networks. The thesis offers an essential resource for newcomers to the field and an inspiration for scientists working in theoretical neuroscience and the future of computing.
Book Synopsis Memristors for Neuromorphic Circuits and Artificial Intelligence Applications by : Jordi Suñé
Download or read book Memristors for Neuromorphic Circuits and Artificial Intelligence Applications written by Jordi Suñé and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in the past decade due to the ever increasing computing power. Artificial Neural Networks are inspired in the brain structure and consist in the interconnection of artificial neurons through artificial synapses. Training these systems requires huge amounts of data and, after the network is trained, it can recognize unforeseen data and provide useful information. The so-called Spiking Neural Networks behave similarly to how the brain functions and are very energy efficient. Up to this moment, both spiking and conventional neural networks have been implemented in software programs running on conventional computing units. However, this approach requires high computing power, a large physical space and is energy inefficient. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing AI tools directly implemented in hardware. The first hardware demonstrations have been based on CMOS circuits for neurons and specific communication protocols for synapses. However, to further increase training speed and energy efficiency while decreasing system size, the combination of CMOS neurons with memristor synapses is being explored. The memristor is a resistor with memory which behaves similarly to biological synapses. This book explores the state-of-the-art of neuromorphic circuits implementing neural networks with memristors for AI applications.
Book Synopsis A Practitioner's Approach to Problem-Solving using AI by : Satvik Vats
Download or read book A Practitioner's Approach to Problem-Solving using AI written by Satvik Vats and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2024-10-18 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates several use cases of how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionizing problem-solving across various industries. The book presents 18 edited chapters beginning with the latest advancements in human-AI interactions and neuromorphic computing, setting the stage for practical applications. Chapters focus on AI and ML applications such as fingerprint recognition, glaucoma detection, and lung cancer identification using image processing. The book also explores the role of AI in professional operations such as UX design, event detection, and content analysis. Additionally, the book includes content that examines AI's impact on technical operations wireless communication, VLSI systems, and advanced manufacturing processes. Each chapter contains summaries and references for addressing the needs of beginner and advanced readers. This comprehensive guide is an essential resource for anyone seeking to understand AI's transformative role in modern problem-solving in professional industries.
Book Synopsis Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon by : Maurizio Valle
Download or read book Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon written by Maurizio Valle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent/smart systems have become common practice in many engineering applications. On the other hand, current low cost standard CMOS technology (and future foreseeable developments) makes available enormous potentialities. The next breakthrough will be the design and development of "smart adaptive systems on silicon" i.e. very power and highly size efficient complete systems (i.e. sensing, computing and "actuating" actions) with intelligence on board on a single silicon die. Smart adaptive systems on silicon will be able to "adapt" autonomously to the changing environment and will be able to implement "intelligent" behaviour and both perceptual and cognitive tasks. At last, they will communicate through wireless channels, they will be battery supplied or remote powered (via inductive coupling) and they will be ubiquitous in our every day life. Although many books deal with research and engineering topics (i.e. algorithms, technology, implementations, etc.) few of them try to bridge the gap between them and to address the issues related to feasibility, reliability and applications. Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon, though not exhaustive, tries to fill this gap and to give answers mainly to the feasibility and reliability issues. Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon mainly focuses on the analog and mixed mode implementation on silicon because this approach is amenable of achieving impressive energy and size efficiency. Moreover, analog systems can be more easily interfaced with sensing and actuating devices.
Book Synopsis Learning in Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing: Algorithm and Architecture Co-Design by : Nan Zheng
Download or read book Learning in Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing: Algorithm and Architecture Co-Design written by Nan Zheng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains current co-design and co-optimization methodologies for building hardware neural networks and algorithms for machine learning applications This book focuses on how to build energy-efficient hardware for neural networks with learning capabilities—and provides co-design and co-optimization methodologies for building hardware neural networks that can learn. Presenting a complete picture from high-level algorithm to low-level implementation details, Learning in Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing: Algorithm and Architecture Co-Design also covers many fundamentals and essentials in neural networks (e.g., deep learning), as well as hardware implementation of neural networks. The book begins with an overview of neural networks. It then discusses algorithms for utilizing and training rate-based artificial neural networks. Next comes an introduction to various options for executing neural networks, ranging from general-purpose processors to specialized hardware, from digital accelerator to analog accelerator. A design example on building energy-efficient accelerator for adaptive dynamic programming with neural networks is also presented. An examination of fundamental concepts and popular learning algorithms for spiking neural networks follows that, along with a look at the hardware for spiking neural networks. Then comes a chapter offering readers three design examples (two of which are based on conventional CMOS, and one on emerging nanotechnology) to implement the learning algorithm found in the previous chapter. The book concludes with an outlook on the future of neural network hardware. Includes cross-layer survey of hardware accelerators for neuromorphic algorithms Covers the co-design of architecture and algorithms with emerging devices for much-improved computing efficiency Focuses on the co-design of algorithms and hardware, which is especially critical for using emerging devices, such as traditional memristors or diffusive memristors, for neuromorphic computing Learning in Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing: Algorithm and Architecture Co-Design is an ideal resource for researchers, scientists, software engineers, and hardware engineers dealing with the ever-increasing requirement on power consumption and response time. It is also excellent for teaching and training undergraduate and graduate students about the latest generation neural networks with powerful learning capabilities.
Book Synopsis Domain-Specific Computer Architectures for Emerging Applications by : Chao Wang
Download or read book Domain-Specific Computer Architectures for Emerging Applications written by Chao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the end of Moore’s Law, domain-specific architecture (DSA) has become a crucial mode of implementing future computing architectures. This book discusses the system-level design methodology of DSAs and their applications, providing a unified design process that guarantees functionality, performance, energy efficiency, and real-time responsiveness for the target application. DSAs often start from domain-specific algorithms or applications, analyzing the characteristics of algorithmic applications, such as computation, memory access, and communication, and proposing the heterogeneous accelerator architecture suitable for that particular application. This book places particular focus on accelerator hardware platforms and distributed systems for various novel applications, such as machine learning, data mining, neural networks, and graph algorithms, and also covers RISC-V open-source instruction sets. It briefly describes the system design methodology based on DSAs and presents the latest research results in academia around domain-specific acceleration architectures. Providing cutting-edge discussion of big data and artificial intelligence scenarios in contemporary industry and typical DSA applications, this book appeals to industry professionals as well as academicians researching the future of computing in these areas.
Book Synopsis Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency X by : Maciej Koutny
Download or read book Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency X written by Maciej Koutny and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These Transactions publish archival papers in the broad area of Petri nets and other models of concurrency, ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. ToPNoC issues are published as LNCS volumes, and hence are widely distributed and indexed. This Journal has its own Editorial Board which selects papers based on a rigorous two-stage refereeing process. ToPNoC contains: - Revised versions of a selection of the best papers from workshops and tutorials at the annual Petri net conferences- Special sections/issues within particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series)- Other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC- Papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors The 10th volume of ToPNoC contains revised and extended versions of a selection of the best workshop papers presented at the 35th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency, Petri Nets 2014, and the 14th International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design, ACSD 2014. It also contains one paper submitted directly to ToPNoC.The 8 papers cover a diverse range of topics including model checking and system verification, refinement, and synthesis; foundational work on specific classes of Petri nets; and innovative applications of Petri nets and other models of concurrency.
