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Author : Christina R. Rausch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (596 download)
Download or read book Mass Balance of Tocols During Corn Ethanol Production written by Christina R. Rausch and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fan Mei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Mass and Energy Balance for a Corn-to-ethanol Plant written by Fan Mei and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Monia Ben-Khaled
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (663 download)
Download or read book Comphrensive Resource Balance for Ethanol Produced from Corn and Sugarcane written by Monia Ben-Khaled and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the increase in price of fossil fuels and climate change caused by Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, many countries around the world are trying to produce alternative transportation fuels. Ethanol has emerged as a popular alternative to fossil fuels, especially, in countries such as the U.S. and Brazil. Different feed stocks are being used to produce ethanol, with corn and sugarcane as the major crops currently being converted into ethanol. Ethanol production requires considerable resources. To date energy input has been studied extensively. However, only limited data is available on other resources used, such as water and land, and the environmental degradation due to waste generated and GHG emissions. The primary objective of this study is to estimate the resource balance for ethanol produced from corn and sugarcane in different climatic zones: temperate, dry and tropical for corn, and tropical and dry for sugarcane. The results of the study indicate that ethanol produced from sugarcane uses less or comparable resources compared to ethanol produced from corn. The estimates of Net Energy Value (NEV) for corn ethanol were between -1,656 and 6,305 Btu per gallon, while those of sugarcane ethanol were between 57,606 and 61,319 Btu per gallon for different climatic zones considered in this study. Moreover, the highest estimated water requirements, for dry climate, were 2,650 and 2,050 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol for corn and sugarcane ethanol, respectively. Results for carbon dioxide released to the environment from corn ethanol with respect to fossil fuels show a reduction of 44, 26 and 51 percent for tropical, dry and temperate climate zones, respectively. On the other hand, results show a reduction of 62 and 57 percent for carbon dioxide emissions from ethanol produced from sugarcane in tropical and dry climates, respectively. However, when land use change is accounted for, results indicate a significant increase in carbon dioxide emissions, referred to as carbon debt. Considering the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from ethanol and the debt amount, the payback time will be very long. Results of this study indicate that if forest is converted into a one cycle cropland, corn ethanol will require a payback period of 300, 672 and 210 years, for tropical, dry and temperate climate zones, respectively. If grassland is converted into cropland, corn ethanol will require a payback period of 112, 242 and 82 years, for tropical, dry and temperate climate zones, respectively. Similarly for sugarcane ethanol, when forests are converted into cropland, the payback period is 102 and 132 years, for tropical and dry climate zones, respectively. If grassland is converted into cropland, the payback period for sugarcane ethanol is 38 and 50 years, for tropical and dry climate zones, respectively. In addition, each gallon of corn ethanol requires about 156, 206 and 135 square feet of land for tropical, dry and temperate climates, respectively. Sugarcane ethanol requires about 75 and 91 square feet for tropical and dry climates, respectively. In addition to carbon dioxide emissions, fertilizers are released to the environment. Results of this study indicate that for corn ethanol, fertilizers released to the environment as surface runoff for nitrogen are estimated as 9,072, 12,247 and 8, 618 milligrams per gallon of ethanol for tropical, dry, and temperate climate zones, respectively. Similarly, for phosphate results were 3,629, 5,897 and 2,268 milligrams per gallon of ethanol for temperate, dry, and tropical climates. As for sugarcane ethanol, results for fertilizers surface runoff are estimated as 908 milligrams per gallon of ethanol for nitrogen, for tropical and dry climate zones, and 4,082 and 4,990 milligrams per gallon of ethanol for phosphate, for tropical and dry climate zones, respectively.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Author : Alain A. Vertes
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119965497
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Biomass to Biofuels written by Alain A. Vertes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the key challenges that still impede the realization of the billion-ton renewable fuels vision, this book integrates technological development and business development rationales to highlight the key technological.developments that are necessary to industrialize biofuels on a global scale. Technological issues addressed in this work include fermentation and downstream processing technologies, as compared to current industrial practice and process economics. Business issues that provide the lens through which the technological review is performed span the entire biofuel value chain, from financial mechanisms to fund biotechnology start-ups in the biofuel arena up to large green field manufacturing projects, to raw material farming, collection and transport to the bioconversion plant, manufacturing, product recovery, storage, and transport to the point of sale. Emphasis has been placed throughout the book on providing a global view that takes into account the intrinsic characteristics of various biofuels markets from Brazil, the EU, the US, or Japan, to emerging economies as agricultural development and biofuel development appear undissociably linked.
Author : Charles E. Wyman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111856040X
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)
Download or read book Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals written by Charles E. Wyman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant biomass is attracting increasing attention as a sustainable resource for large-scale production of renewable fuels and chemicals. However, in order to successfully compete with petroleum, it is vital that biomass conversion processes are designed to minimize costs and maximize yields. Advances in pretreatment technology are critical in order to develop high-yielding, cost-competitive routes to renewable fuels and chemicals. Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals presents a comprehensive overview of the currently available aqueous pretreatment technologies for cellulosic biomass, highlighting the fundamental chemistry and biology of each method, key attributes and limitations, and opportunities for future advances. Topics covered include: • The importance of biomass conversion to fuels • The role of pretreatment in biological and chemical conversion of biomass • Composition and structure of biomass, and recalcitrance to conversion • Fundamentals of biomass pretreatment at low, neutral and high pH • Ionic liquid and organosolv pretreatments to fractionate biomass • Comparative data for application of leading pretreatments and effect of enzyme formulations • Physical and chemical features of pretreated biomass • Economics of pretreatment for biological processing • Methods of analysis and enzymatic conversion of biomass streams • Experimental pretreatment systems from multiwell plates to pilot plant operations This comprehensive reference book provides an authoritative source of information on the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to aid those experienced in the field to access the most current information on the topic. It will also be invaluable to those entering the growing field of biomass conversion.
Author : Ashok Pandey
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128003960
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Pretreatment of Biomass written by Ashok Pandey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this. This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use. - Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatament processes and technologies for biomass - Covers information on lignocellulosic and algal biomass to work on the principles of biorefinery - Useful for researchers intending to study scale-up - Provides information on integration of processes and technologies for the pretreatment of biomass
Author : Ramesh C. Ray
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128137673
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Bioethanol Production from Food Crops written by Ramesh C. Ray and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol Production from Food Crops: Sustainable Sources, Interventions and Challenges comprehensively covers the global scenario of ethanol production from both food and non-food crops and other sources. The book guides readers through the balancing of the debate on food vs. fuel, giving important insights into resource management and the environmental and economic impact of this balance between demands. Sections cover Global Bioethanol from Food Crops and Forest Resource, Bioethanol from Bagasse and Lignocellulosic wastes, Bioethanol from algae, and Economics and Challenges, presenting a multidisciplinary approach to this complex topic. As biofuels continue to grow as a vital alternative energy source, it is imperative that the proper balance is reached between resource protection and human survival. This book provides important insights into achieving that balance. - Presents technological interventions in ethanol production, from plant biomass, to food crops - Addresses food security issues arising from bioethanol production - Identifies development bottlenecks and areas where collaborative efforts can help develop more cost-effective technology
Author : Ernest George Ritzman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nutritional Physiology of the Adult Ruminant written by Ernest George Ritzman and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul R. Stuart
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439803471
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Integrated Biorefineries written by Paul R. Stuart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Biorefineries: Design, Analysis, and Optimization examines how to create a competitive edge in biorefinery innovation through integration into existing processes and infrastructure. Leading experts from around the world working in design, synthesis, and optimization of integrated biorefineries present the various aspects of this complex
Author : Rafael Luque
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081004567
Total Pages : 772 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Biofuels Production written by Rafael Luque and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Biofuels Production, Second Edition, discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage. Research and development in this field is aimed at improving the quality and environmental impact of biofuels production, as well as the overall efficiency and output of biofuels production plants. The book provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technology. Key changes for this second edition include increased coverage of emerging feedstocks, including microalgae, more emphasis on by-product valorization for biofuels' production, additional chapters on emerging biofuel production methods, and discussion of the emissions associated with biofuel use in engines. The editorial team is strengthened by the addition of two extra members, and a number of new contributors have been invited to work with authors from the first edition to revise existing chapters, thus offering fresh perspectives. - Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies being used for biofuel production - Discusses advanced chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical biofuels production routes that are fast being developed to address the global increase in energy usage - Reviews the production of both first and second generation biofuels - Addresses integrated biofuel production in biorefineries and the use of waste materials as feedstocks
Author : R. Navanietha Krishnaraj
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0128179511
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels written by R. Navanietha Krishnaraj and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels addresses advanced technologies for converting waste to biofuels and value-added products. Biovalorisation has several advantages over conventional bioremediation processes as it helps reduce the costs of bioprocesses. Examples are provided of several successfully commercialized technologies, giving insight into developing, potential processes for biovalorisation of different wastes. Different bioprocess strategies are discussed for valorising the wastes coming from the leather industry, olive oil industry, pulp and paper, winery, textile, and food industries, as well as aquaculture. A section on biorefinery for hydrocarbons and emerging contaminants is included to cover concepts on biodesulfurization of petroleum wastes, leaching of heavy metals from E - waste, and bioelectrochemical processes for CO2. Chapters on algal biorefinery are also included to focus on the technologies for conversion of CO2 sequestration and wastewater utilization. Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels can be used as course material for graduate students in chemical engineering, chemistry, and biotechnology, and as a reference for industrial professionals and researchers who want to gain a basic understanding on the subject. Covers a wide range of topics, from the conversion of wastes to organic acids, biofuels, biopolymers and industrially relevant products Bridges the gap between academics and industry Written in a lucid and self-explanatory style Includes activities/quiz/critical questions
Author : Zhongli Pan
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128141395
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Integrated Processing Technologies for Food and Agricultural By-Products written by Zhongli Pan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-13 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feeding our globally expanding population is one of the most critical challenges of our time and improving food and agricultural production efficiencies is a key factor in solving this problem. Currently, one-third of food produced for humans is wasted, and for every pound of food produced, roughly an equal amount of nonfood by-product is also generated, creating a significant environmental impact. In Integrated Processing Technologies for Food and Agricultural By-Products experts from around the world present latest developments, recognizing that while some by-products have found use as animal feed or are combusted for energy, new technologies which integrate conversion of production and processing by-products into higher-value food or nonfood products, nutraceuticals, chemicals, and energy resources will be a critical part of the transition to a more sustainable food system. Organized by agricultural crop, and focusing on those crops with maximum economic impact, each chapter describes technologies for value-added processing of by-products which can be integrated into current food production systems. Integrated Processing Technologies for Food and Agricultural By-Products is a valuable resource for industry professionals, academics, and policy-makers alike. - Provides production-through-processing coverage of key agricultural crops for a thorough understanding and translational inspiration - Describes and discusses major by-product sources, including physical and chemical biomass characterizations and associated variability in detail - Highlights conversions accomplished through physical, biological, chemical, or thermal methods and demonstrates examples of those technologies
Author : Geoffrey M. Gadd
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128207108
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Advances in Applied Microbiology written by Geoffrey M. Gadd and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 113, continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topic, with this release focusing on Gaps in the Assortment of Rapid Assays for Microorganisms of Interest to the Dairy Industry, Metal reduction and corrosion by bacterial biofilms, The microbiology of red brines, Clostridium thermocellum: a microbial platform for high-value chemical production from lignocellulose, and The zincophore system in pathogenic yeasts. - Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of microbiology - Includes discussions on the role of specific molecules in pathogen life stages, interactions, and much more
Author : Graham Stewart
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124046037
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Whisky written by Graham Stewart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whisky: Technology, Production and Marketing explains in technical terms the science and technology of producing whisky, combined with information from industry experts on successfully marketing the product. World experts in Scotch whisky provide detailed insight into whisky production, from the processing of raw materials to the fermentation, distillation, maturation, blending, production of co-products, and quality testing, as well as important information on the methodology used for packaging and marketing whisky in the twenty-first century. No other book covers the entire whisky process from raw material to delivery to market in such a comprehensive manner and with such a high level of technical detail. - Only available work to cover the entire whisky process from raw material to delivery to the market in such a comprehensive manner - Includes a chapter on marketing and selling whisky - Foreword written by Alan Rutherford, former Chairman and Managing Director of United Malt and Grain Distillers Ltd.
Author : Gavin Towler
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080966608
Total Pages : 1321 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors
Author : M.R. Riazi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351651102
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book Biofuels Production and Processing Technology written by M.R. Riazi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of biofuels in greening the transport sector in the future is unquestionable, given the limited available fossil energy resources, the environmental issues associated to the utilization of fossil fuels, and the increasing attention to security of supply. This comprehensive reference presents the latest technology in all aspects of biofuels production, processing, properties, raw materials, and related economic and environmental aspects. Presenting the application of methods and technology with minimum math and theory, it compiles a wide range of topics not usually covered in one single book. It discusses development of new catalysts, reactors, controllers, simulators, online analyzers, and waste minimization as well as design and operational aspects of processing units and financial and economic aspects. The book rounds out by describing properties, specifications, and quality of various biofuel products and new advances and trends towards future technology.
