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Marginal Cost Price Output Control
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Book Synopsis Marginal-cost Price-output Control by : Burnham Putnam Beckwith
Download or read book Marginal-cost Price-output Control written by Burnham Putnam Beckwith and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marginal Cost by : Burnham Putnam Beckwith
Download or read book Marginal Cost written by Burnham Putnam Beckwith and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marginal Cost in the New Economy: A Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Policy Evaluations by : Roger L. Conkling
Download or read book Marginal Cost in the New Economy: A Proposal for a Uniform Approach to Policy Evaluations written by Roger L. Conkling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-29 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents an approach for resolving a variety of public policy debates. It proposes that a single standard - marginal cost methodology - be adopted to replace the haphazard arrays of methods and techniques currenly employed to measure the costs and benefits of disputed policy issues.
Book Synopsis Marginal-cost Price-output Control by : Burnham Putnam Beckwith
Download or read book Marginal-cost Price-output Control written by Burnham Putnam Beckwith and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Zero Marginal Cost Society by : Jeremy Rifkin
Download or read book The Zero Marginal Cost Society written by Jeremy Rifkin and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Zero Marginal Cost Society,New York Times bestselling author Jeremy Rifkin describes how the emerging Internet of Things is speeding us to an era of nearly free goods and services, precipitating the meteoric rise of a global Collaborative Commons and the eclipse of capitalism. Rifkin uncovers a paradox at the heart of capitalism that has propelled it to greatness but is now taking it to its death—the inherent entrepreneurial dynamism of competitive markets that drives productivity up and marginal costs down, enabling businesses to reduce the price of their goods and services in order to win over consumers and market share. (Marginal cost is the cost of producing additional units of a good or service, if fixed costs are not counted.) While economists have always welcomed a reduction in marginal cost, they never anticipated the possibility of a technological revolution that might bring marginal costs to near zero, making goods and services priceless, nearly free, and abundant, and no longer subject to market forces. Now, a formidable new technology infrastructure—the Internet of things (IoT)—is emerging with the potential of pushing large segments of economic life to near zero marginal cost in the years ahead. Rifkin describes how the Communication Internet is converging with a nascent Energy Internet and Logistics Internet to create a new technology platform that connects everything and everyone. Billions of sensors are being attached to natural resources, production lines, the electricity grid, logistics networks, recycling flows, and implanted in homes, offices, stores, vehicles, and even human beings, feeding Big Data into an IoT global neural network. Prosumers can connect to the network and use Big Data, analytics, and algorithms to accelerate efficiency, dramatically increase productivity, and lower the marginal cost of producing and sharing a wide range of products and services to near zero, just like they now do with information goods. The plummeting of marginal costs is spawning a hybrid economy—part capitalist market and part Collaborative Commons—with far reaching implications for society, according to Rifkin. Hundreds of millions of people are already transferring parts of their economic lives to the global Collaborative Commons. Prosumers are plugging into the fledgling IoT and making and sharing their own information, entertainment, green energy, and 3D-printed products at near zero marginal cost. They are also sharing cars, homes, clothes and other items via social media sites, rentals, redistribution clubs, and cooperatives at low or near zero marginal cost. Students are enrolling in free massive open online courses (MOOCs) that operate at near zero marginal cost. Social entrepreneurs are even bypassing the banking establishment and using crowdfunding to finance startup businesses as well as creating alternative currencies in the fledgling sharing economy. In this new world, social capital is as important as financial capital, access trumps ownership, sustainability supersedes consumerism, cooperation ousts competition, and "exchange value" in the capitalist marketplace is increasingly replaced by "sharable value" on the Collaborative Commons. Rifkin concludes that capitalism will remain with us, albeit in an increasingly streamlined role, primarily as an aggregator of network services and solutions, allowing it to flourish as a powerful niche player in the coming era. We are, however, says Rifkin, entering a world beyond markets where we are learning how to live together in an increasingly interdependent global Collaborative Commons.
Book Synopsis What are Marginal Costs and how to Estimate Them? by : Ralph Turvey
Download or read book What are Marginal Costs and how to Estimate Them? written by Ralph Turvey and published by Ralph Turvey. This book was released on 2000 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Relation Between Price and Marginal Cost in U.S. Industry by : Robert Ernest Hall
Download or read book The Relation Between Price and Marginal Cost in U.S. Industry written by Robert Ernest Hall and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of data on labor input and the quantity of output reveals that most U.S. industries have marginal costs far below their prices. The corilusion rests on the empirical finding that cyclical variations in labor input are small compared to variations in output. In booms, firms produce substantially more output and sell it for a price that exceeds the costs of the added inputs. The paper documents the disparity between price and marginal cost, where marginal cost is estimated from variations in cost from one year to the next. It considers a wide variety of explanations of the flndings that are consistent with competition, but none is found to be plausible.
Book Synopsis Electricity Marginal Cost Pricing by : Monica Greer
Download or read book Electricity Marginal Cost Pricing written by Monica Greer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Packed with case studies and practical real-world examples, Electricity Marginal Cost Pricing Principles allows regulators, engineers and energy economists to choose the pricing model that best fits their individual market. Written by an author with 13 years of practical experience, the book begins with a clear and rigorous explanation of the theory of efficient pricing and how it impacts investor-owned, publicly-owned, and cooperatively-owned utilities using tried and true methods such as multiple-output, functional form, and multiproduct cost models. The author then moves on to include self-contained chapters on applying estimating cost models, including a cubic cost specification and policy implications while supplying actual data and examples to allow regulators, energy economists, and engineers to get a feel for the methods with which efficient prices are derived in today’s challenging electricity market. A guide to cost issues surrounding the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity Clearly explains cost models which can yield the marginal cost of supplying electricity to end-users Real-world examples that are practical, meaningful, and easy to understand Explans the policy implications of each example Provide suggestions to aid in the formation of the optimal market price
Book Synopsis Existence of Marginal Cost Pricing Equilibria with Public Goods by : Tadashi Hamano
Download or read book Existence of Marginal Cost Pricing Equilibria with Public Goods written by Tadashi Hamano and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marginal Cost Pricing and Aggregate Production Efficiency by : Paulina Beato
Download or read book Marginal Cost Pricing and Aggregate Production Efficiency written by Paulina Beato and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marginal Costing by : F. C. Lawrence
Download or read book Marginal Costing written by F. C. Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intermediate Microeconomics by : Patrick M. Emerson
Download or read book Intermediate Microeconomics written by Patrick M. Emerson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electricity Cost Modeling Calculations by : Monica Greer
Download or read book Electricity Cost Modeling Calculations written by Monica Greer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-22 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A "quick look up guide," Electricity Cost Modeling Calculations places the relevant formulae and calculations at the reader's finger tips. In this book, theories are explained in a nutshell and then the calculation is presented and solved in an illustrated, step-by-step fashion. A valuable guide for new engineers, economists (or forecasters), regulators, and policy makers who want to further develop their knowledge of best practice calculations techniques or experienced practitioners (and even managers) who desire to acquire more useful tips, this book offers expert advice for using such cost models to determine optimally-sized distribution systems and optimally-structured power supplying entities. In other words, this book provides an Everything-that-you-want-to-know-about-cost-modelling-for-electric-utilities (but were afraid to ask) approach to modelling the cost of supplying electricity. In addition, the author covers the concept of multiproduct and multistage cost functions, which are appropriate in modelling the cost of supplying electricity. The author has done all the heavy number-crunching, and provides the reader with real-world, practical examples of how to properly quantify the costs associated with providing electric service, thus increasing the accuracy of the results and support for the policy initiatives required to ensure the competitiveness of the power suppliers in this new world in which we are living. The principles contained herein could be employed to assist in the determination of the cost-minimizing amount of output (i.e., electricity), which could then be used to determine whether a merger between two entities makes sense (i.e., would increase profitability). Other examples abound: public regulatory commissions also need help in determining whether mergers (or divestitures) are welfare-enhancing or not; ratemaking policies depend on costs and properly determining the costs of supplying electric (or gas, water, and local telephone) service. Policy makers, too, can benefit in terms of optimal market structure; after all, the premise of deregulation of the electric industry was predicated on the idea that generation could be deregulated. Unfortunately, the economies of vertical integration between the generation. A comprehensive guide to the cost issues surrounding the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity Real-world examples that are practical, meaningful, and easy to understand Policy implications and suggestions to aid in the formation of the optimal market structure going forward (thus increasing efficiency of electric power suppliers) The principles contained herein could be employed to assist in the determination of the cost-minimizing amount of output
Book Synopsis The Economics of Regulation by : Alfred E. Kahn
Download or read book The Economics of Regulation written by Alfred E. Kahn and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1988-06-22 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board in the late 1970s, Alfred E. Kahn presided over the deregulation of the airlines and his book, published earlier in that decade, presented the first comprehensive integration of the economic theory and institutional practice of economic regulation. In his lengthy new introduction to this edition Kahn surveys and analyzes the deregulation revolution that has not only swept the airlines but has transformed American public utilities and private industries generally over the past seventeen years. While attitudes toward regulation have changed several times in the intervening years and government regulation has waxed and waned, the question of whether to regulate more or to regulate less is a topic of constant debate, one that The Economics of Regulation addresses incisively. It clearly remains the standard work in the field, a starting point and reference tool for anyone working in regulation.Kahn points out that while dramatic changes have come about in the structurally competitive industries - the airlines, trucking, stock exchange brokerage services, railroads, buses, cable television, oil and natural gas - the consensus about the desirability and necessity for regulated monopoly in public utilities has likewise been dissolving, under the burdens of inflation, fuel crises, and the traumatic experience with nuclear plants. Kahn reviews and assesses the changes in both areas: he is particularly frank in his appraisal of the effect of deregulation on the airlines. His conclusion today mirrors that of his original, seminal work - that different industries need different mixes of institutional arrangements that cannot be decided on the basis of ideology.
Book Synopsis How Will You Measure Your Life? (Harvard Business Review Classics) by : Clayton M. Christensen
Download or read book How Will You Measure Your Life? (Harvard Business Review Classics) written by Clayton M. Christensen and published by Harvard Business Review Press. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 2010, Harvard Business School’s graduating class asked HBS professor Clay Christensen to address them—but not on how to apply his principles and thinking to their post-HBS careers. The students wanted to know how to apply his wisdom to their personal lives. He shared with them a set of guidelines that have helped him find meaning in his own life, which led to this now-classic article. Although Christensen’s thinking is rooted in his deep religious faith, these are strategies anyone can use. Since 1922, Harvard Business Review has been a leading source of breakthrough ideas in management practice. The Harvard Business Review Classics series now offers you the opportunity to make these seminal pieces a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Energy Analysis by : Kornelis Blok
Download or read book Introduction to Energy Analysis written by Kornelis Blok and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides an introduction to energy analysis for those students who want to specialise in this challenging field. In comparison to other textbooks, this book provides a balanced treatment of complete energy systems, covering the demand side, the supply side, and the energy markets that connect these. The emphasis is very much on presenting a range of tools and methodologies that will help students find their way in analysing real world problems in energy systems. This new edition has been updated throughout and contains additional content on energy transitions and improvements in the treatment of several energy systems analysis approaches. Featuring learning objectives, further readings and practical exercises in each chapter, Introduction to Energy Analysis will be essential reading for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students with a background in the natural sciences and engineering. This book may also be useful for professionals dealing with energy issues, as a first introduction into the field.
Book Synopsis The Inefficiency of Marginal-cost Pricing and the Apparent Rigidity of Prices by : Robert Ernest Hall
Download or read book The Inefficiency of Marginal-cost Pricing and the Apparent Rigidity of Prices written by Robert Ernest Hall and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under conditions of natural monopoly, private contracts or government regulation may attempt to avoid inefficiency by setting up a pricing formula. Once the capital stock is chosen, the right price to charge the buyer is marginal cost. But the point of this paper is that marginal-cost pricing provides the wrong incentives for the choice of the capital stock by the seller. If the seller can achieve a high price by deliberately under-investing and driving up marginal cost, there will be asystematic tendency toward too small a capital stock. One type of contract or regulatory policy that avoids this problem charges marginal cost to each buyer, but provides a revenue to the seller that is equal to long-run unit cost, not short-run marginal cost. Such a contract or policy will make the price, in the sense of the revenue of the seller per unit of output, appear to be unresponsive to market conditions