Mano Dura

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Mano Dura

Author : Sonja Wolf
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477311661
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Mano Dura by : Sonja Wolf

Download or read book Mano Dura written by Sonja Wolf and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992, at the end of a twelve-year civil war, El Salvador was poised for a transition to democracy. Yet, after longstanding dominance by a small oligarchy that continually used violence to repress popular resistance, El Salvador’s democracy has proven to be a fragile one, as social ills (poverty chief among them) have given rise to neighborhoods where gang activity now thrives. Mano Dura examines the ways in which the ruling ARENA party used gang violence to solidify political power in the hands of the elite—culminating in draconian “iron fist” antigang policies that undermine human rights while ultimately doing little to address the roots of gang membership. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and policy analysis, Mano Dura examines the activities of three nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have advocated for more nuanced policies to eradicate gangs and the societal issues that are both a cause and an effect of gang proliferation. While other studies of street gangs have focused on relatively distant countries such as Colombia, Argentina, and Jamaica, Sonja Wolf’s research takes us to a country closer to the United States, where forced deportation has brought with it US gang culture. Charting the limited success of NGOs in influencing El Salvador’s security policies, the book brings to light key contextual aspects—including myopic media coverage and the ironic populist support for ARENA, despite the party’s protection of the elite at the expense of the greater society.

Popular Injustice

Author : Angelina Snodgrass Godoy
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804753838
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (538 download)

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Book Synopsis Popular Injustice by : Angelina Snodgrass Godoy

Download or read book Popular Injustice written by Angelina Snodgrass Godoy and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Injustice focuses on the spread of highly punitive forms of social control (known locally as mano dura) in contemporary Latin America, with a particular focus on lynchings in postwar Guatemala.

Clicas

Author : Frank García
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477329439
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Clicas by : Frank García

Download or read book Clicas written by Frank García and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2024-07-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Latina/o/x gang literature and film represent women and gay gang members’ challenges to gendered, sexual, racial, and class oppression. Clicas examines Latina/o/x literature and film by and/or about gay and women gang members. Through close readings of literature and film, Frank García reimagines the typical narratives describing gang membership and culture, amplifying and complicating critical gang studies in the social sciences and humanities and looking at gangs across racial, ethnic, and national identities. Analyzing how the autobiographical poetry of Ana Castillo presents gang fashion, culture, and violence to the outside world, the effects of women performing female masculinity in the novel Locas, and gay gang members’ experiences of community in the documentary Homeboy, García complicates the dialogue regarding hypermasculine gang cultures. He shows how they are accessible not only to straight men but also to women and gay men who can appropriate them in complicated ways, which can be harming and also, at times, emancipating. Reading gang members as (de)colonial agents who contest the power relations, inequalities, oppressions, and hierarchies of the United States, Clicas considers how women and gay gang members resist materially and psychologically within a milieu shaped by the intersection of race, gender, sexuality, and class.

Gangs in Central America

Author : Clare Ribando Seelke
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437927637
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Gangs in Central America by : Clare Ribando Seelke

Download or read book Gangs in Central America written by Clare Ribando Seelke and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background on Violent Crime; (2) Scope of the Gang Problem: Defining Gangs; Transnational Gangs; Factors Exacerbating the Gang Problem; Poverty and a Lack of Educ. and Employ. Opport.; Societal Stigmas; Role of the Media; Anti-Gang Law Enforce. Efforts; Prisons in Need of Reform; U.S. Deportations; (3) Country Anti-Gang Efforts: Mano Dura (Heavy-Handed) Anti-Gang Policies; Effects of Mano Dura Policies?; Alternative Approaches; Prospects for Country Prevention and Rehab. Efforts; Regional and Multilateral Efforts; OAS; Multilateral Develop. Banks and Donor Agencies; (4) U.S. Policy: Congressional Interest; U.S. Internat. Anti-Gang Efforts; State Dept.; Justice Dept.; USAID; Policy Approaches and Concerns.

Policing Life and Death

Author : Marisol LeBrón
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520300173
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Policing Life and Death by : Marisol LeBrón

Download or read book Policing Life and Death written by Marisol LeBrón and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her exciting new book, Marisol LeBrón traces the rise of punitive governance in Puerto Rico over the course of the twentieth century and up to the present. Punitive governance emerged as a way for the Puerto Rican state to manage the deep and ongoing crises stemming from the archipelago’s incorporation into the United States as a colonial territory. A structuring component of everyday life for many Puerto Ricans, police power has reinforced social inequality and worsened conditions of vulnerability in marginalized communities. This book provides powerful examples of how Puerto Ricans negotiate and resist their subjection to increased levels of segregation, criminalization, discrimination, and harm. Policing Life and Death shows how Puerto Ricans are actively rejecting punitive solutions and working toward alternative understandings of safety and a more just future.

Transnational Organized Crime

Author : Jay Albanese
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1483325024
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Transnational Organized Crime by : Jay Albanese

Download or read book Transnational Organized Crime written by Jay Albanese and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique text explores the expansive topic of transnational organized crime, incorporating expert perspectives found throughout the world’s six inhabited continents: North America, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Editors Jay S. Albanese and Philip L. Reichel gather the knowledge and expertise of numerous authors, researchers, and practitioners in this field who are either native to each world region, have extensively travelled and worked there, or are recognized scholars for those regions. Through this text, readers will begin to understand the geographic, cultural, and regional similarities and differences underying the common threat of transnational organized crime, as well as how to address the global expansion of organized crime today.

The Rule of Law In Central America

Author : Mary Fran T. Malone
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1628922567
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rule of Law In Central America by : Mary Fran T. Malone

Download or read book The Rule of Law In Central America written by Mary Fran T. Malone and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a thorough study that focuses on the impact of the current crime wave on citizens' respect for the law in countries such as Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. The work opens with a brief review of the literature on the rule of law and legal socialization, followed by an historical overview of the democratization and justice reform in Central America from the 1990s to the present. Set as a comparative, micro-level study, the work then looks at an array of measures from citizens' toleration of government abuses of power to vigilante justice and the reporting of crime to police. Lastly, an empirical model is developed to predict citizens' attitudes, combining both these micro-level individual attributes with macro-level measures of institutional performance. A unique look at the process of democratization from a comparative perspective, Citizens' Support for the Rule of Law in Central America it will appeal to faculty, researchers, and students interested in Latin American politics, comparative politics, and democratic transition.

(Un)civil Societies

Author : Rachel A. May
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 9780739120651
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis (Un)civil Societies by : Rachel A. May

Download or read book (Un)civil Societies written by Rachel A. May and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rachel A. May and Andrew K. Milton have assembled an array of scholars from different disciplines to examine transitional governments in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Drawing on specific political conditions and organized around topics such as the media, political parties, and political violence, (Un)Civil Societies broadens the discussion about democratization both thematically and geographically.

Nationalism and War

Author : John A. Hall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107067871
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Nationalism and War by : John A. Hall

Download or read book Nationalism and War written by John A. Hall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Has the emergence of nationalism made warfare more brutal? Does strong nationalist identification increase efficiency in fighting? Is nationalism the cause or the consequence of the breakdown of imperialism? What is the role of victories and defeats in the formation of national identities? The relationship between nationalism and warfare is complex, and it changes depending on which historical period and geographical context is in question. In 'Nationalism and War', some of the world's leading social scientists and historians explore the nature of the connection between the two. Through empirical studies from a broad range of countries, they explore the impact that imperial legacies, education, welfare regimes, bureaucracy, revolutions, popular ideologies, geopolitical change, and state breakdowns have had in the transformation of war and nationalism.

American Presidents, Deportations, and Human Rights Violations

Author : Bill Ong Hing
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108472281
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis American Presidents, Deportations, and Human Rights Violations by : Bill Ong Hing

Download or read book American Presidents, Deportations, and Human Rights Violations written by Bill Ong Hing and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses how mass detention and deportation of immigrants, has escalated even higher since the Obama and Trump administrations.

The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela

Author : David Smilde
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822988763
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela by : David Smilde

Download or read book The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela written by David Smilde and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2023-05-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crime and violence soared in twenty-first-century Venezuela even as poverty and inequality decreased, contradicting the conventional wisdom that these are the underlying causes of violence. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela explains the rise of violence under both Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro—leftist presidents who made considerable investment in social programs and political inclusion. Contributors argue that violence arose not from the frustration of inequality, or the needs created by poverty, but rather from the interrelated factors of a particular type of revolutionary governance, extraordinary oil revenues, a reliance on militarized policing, and the persistence of concentrated disadvantage. These factors led to dramatic but unequal economic growth, massive institutional and social change, and dysfunctional criminal justice policies that destabilized illicit markets and social networks, leading to an increase in violent conflict resolution. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela reorients thinking about violence and its relationship to poverty, inequality, and the state.

Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America

Author : Karen Silva-Torres
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000440222
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America by : Karen Silva-Torres

Download or read book Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America written by Karen Silva-Torres and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America provides fourteen contributions to understand, from a multidisciplinary perspective, processes of socio-political reconfigurations in the region from the early 2000s to the mid-2010s. The Left Turn was the regional shift to left-of-center governments and social movements that sought to replace the neoliberal policies of the 1990s. This volume aims to answer the overarching research question: how do state and societal (national and transnational) actors trigger and shape processes of political and socio-economic transitions in Latin America from the rise to the decline of the Left Turn. The book presents case studies in which transitions are moments of change and uncertainty, which one cannot predict their definitive outcomes. The various case studies presented in the book place actors and processes in specific historical and socio-political contexts, which are influenced directly or indirectly by the historical trajectory of Latin America’s Left Turn. This book is essential reading for students and scholars of Social and Political History, Latin American History, and those interested in the social and political developments in Latin America more broadly.

Seguridad

Author : Guillermina Seri
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441145788
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Seguridad by : Guillermina Seri

Download or read book Seguridad written by Guillermina Seri and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the governing roles of the police in Argentina, focusing on Seguridad, which conflates personal safety with state security.

Locked In, Locked Out

Author : Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 081224513X
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Locked In, Locked Out by : Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores

Download or read book Locked In, Locked Out written by Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Locked In, Locked Out, Zaire Zenit Dinzey-Flores examines four communities in Ponce, Puerto Rico, showing how gates—in both physical and symbolic ways—distribute power, reroute movement, sustain social inequalities, and cement boundary lines of class and race.

The State and Security in Mexico

Author : Brian J. Bow
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 041551830X
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis The State and Security in Mexico by : Brian J. Bow

Download or read book The State and Security in Mexico written by Brian J. Bow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally recognized experts from the academic and think-tank communities in the United States, Mexico, and Canada consider the origins of the current crisis in Mexico, and the nature and effectiveness of the Calderón government's response, through the lens of Joel Migdal's concept of "the state in society."

The Violence of Democracy

Author : Ainhoa Montoya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331976330X
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis The Violence of Democracy by : Ainhoa Montoya

Download or read book The Violence of Democracy written by Ainhoa Montoya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-12 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers novel insights about the ability of a democracy to accommodate violence. In El Salvador, the end of war has brought about a violent peace, one in which various forms of violence have become incorporated into Salvadorans’ imaginaries and enactments of democracy. Based on ethnographic research, The Violence of Democracy argues that war legacies and the country’s neoliberalization have enabled an intricate entanglement of violence and political life in postwar El Salvador. This volume explores various manifestations of this entanglement: the clandestine connections between violent entrepreneurs and political actors; the blurring of the licit and illicit through the consolidation of economies of violence; and the reenactment of latent wartime conflicts and political cleavages during postwar electoral seasons. The author also discusses the potential for grassroots memory work and a political party shift to foster hopeful visions of the future and, ultimately, to transform the country’s violent democracy.

The Criminalization of States

Author : Jonathan D. Rosen
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498593011
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis The Criminalization of States by : Jonathan D. Rosen

Download or read book The Criminalization of States written by Jonathan D. Rosen and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the relationship between states and organized crime. It seeks to add to the theoretical literature for analyzing the criminalization of the state. The volume also explores the nature of organized crime in countries throughout the Americas from Central America to the Southern Cone.