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Managing And Restoring California Annual Grassland Species
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Book Synopsis California Grasslands by : Mark R. Stromberg
Download or read book California Grasslands written by Mark R. Stromberg and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This highly synthetic and scholarly work brings together new and important scientific contributions by leading experts on a rich diversity of topics concerning the history, ecology, and conservation of California's endangered grasslands. The editors and authors have succeeded admirably in drawing from a great wealth of recent research to produce a widely accessible and compelling, state-of-the-art treatment of this fascinating subject. Anyone interested in Californian biodiversity or grassland ecosystems in general will find this book to be an invaluable resource and a major inspiration for further research, management, and restoration efforts."—Bruce G. Baldwin, W. L. Jepson Professor and Curator, UC Berkeley "Grasses and grasslands are among the most important elements of the California landscape. This is their book, embodying the kind of integrated view needed for all ecological communities in California. Approaches ranging across an incredibly broad spectrum -- paleontology and human history; basic science and practical management techniques; systematics, community ecology, physiology, and genetics; physical factors such as water, soil nutrients, atmospherics, and fire; biological factors such as competition, symbiosis, and grazing -- are nicely tied together due to careful editorial work. This is an indispensable reference for everyone interested in the California environment."—Brent Mishler, Director of the University & Jepson Herbaria and Professor of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley "The structure and function of California grasslands have intrigued ecologists for decades. The editors of this volume have assembled a comprehensive set of reviews by a group of outstanding authors on the natural history, structure, management, and restoration of this economically and ecologically important ecosystem."—Scott L. Collins, Professor of Biology, University of New Mexico
Book Synopsis Managing and Restoring California Annual Grassland Species by : Jaymee Theresa Marty
Download or read book Managing and Restoring California Annual Grassland Species written by Jaymee Theresa Marty and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grasslands and Climate Change by : David J. Gibson
Download or read book Grasslands and Climate Change written by David J. Gibson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive assessment of the effects of climate change on global grasslands and the mitigating role that ecologists can play.
Book Synopsis Grassland structure and function by : L.F. Huenneke
Download or read book Grassland structure and function written by L.F. Huenneke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this volume are based on a opportumtles for studying the links between symposium, "California grasslands: structure abiotic and biotic components. and productivity", supported by the National The contributions in this volume illustrate Science Foundation. The primary objective of the links between population-level processes this symposium was to integrate the current and system-level phenomena in a well-studied understanding of controls on ecosystem struc community. Unfortunately, some areas of cur ture and function with the approaches of popu rent research (e.g., nutrient cycling) are under lation biology. The annual grasslands are represented in this volume. For other topics eminently suitable for experimental and manip (particularly the role of invertebrate con sumers), the lack of data from the annual grass ulative studies of ecosystem processes. The short lives and small stature of the component land brought a broader grassland perspective. plant species make experimental work far more Together, however, the contributions illustrate practical than in forests or even in perennial the importance of different ecological ap dominated prairies. The system's small-scale proaches in studying the controls on structure patchiness, and the obvious importance of and function of a complex system. the region's mediterranean climate in the life cycle of the annual vegetation, afford many L.F. Huenneke and H.A. Mooney Huenneke, L.F. and Mooney, H. (eds) Grassland Structure and Function: California Annual Grassland.
Book Synopsis Ecosystems of California by : Harold Mooney
Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.
Book Synopsis Protection, Management, and Restoration for the 1990's by :
Download or read book Protection, Management, and Restoration for the 1990's written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tsuneki, Shinji, 1948- written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The folder may include clippings, announcements, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral items.
Book Synopsis Restoration of California's Inland Grasslands by : Megan Elizabeth Lulow
Download or read book Restoration of California's Inland Grasslands written by Megan Elizabeth Lulow and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-term Effects of Management and Climate on California’s Grassland Flora and Rare Plant Species by : Josephine C. Lesage (author.)
Download or read book Long-term Effects of Management and Climate on California’s Grassland Flora and Rare Plant Species written by Josephine C. Lesage (author.) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California floristic province is home to a rich diversity of plant species, and the ecosystems they compose have a long and complex history of human management and anthropogenic disturbance. This is especially true of native grassland habitats, which have been burned, grazed, and replaced by agriculture and housing, and are now present in only a small fraction of the area they once covered. More recently, restoration and management activities increasingly seek to maintain and improve the plant diversity of California grasslands, but the effectiveness of typical strategies may alter under a changing climate. In this dissertation, I examined evidence of climate change effects on California grassland communities, the long-term effectiveness of livestock grazing as strategy to conserve native species, and the lessons that several decades of rare plant reintroductions have for future projects. In the first chapter, I used eight datasets collected over periods of 12 to 33 years to examine whether global climate change has altered California grassland vegetation communities. I used a metric known as the Community Temperature Index (CTI), which draws on historical species distribution records and spatial climate data to measure the relative dominance of species adapted to warmer and cooler temperatures within a location. I found evidence of long-term (1950-2019) increases in temperature and vapor pressure deficit at the sites I analyzed, though shorter-term study-period weather patterns were more variable. Six of the eight sites showed significant shifts in community composition towards warmer-climate species over time, and these increases occurred at faster rates than has been measured in other systems. Overall, the results suggest that some California grassland communities are shifting towards greater dominance by species adapted to warmer climates, but that these changes must be understood and interpreted within the history of abiotic conditions, long-term climate and weather history, and past land-use context of a site, as shorter-term weather patterns may not align with longer-term climate change and site conditions and past land management may exert a strong influence over community trajectory. My second chapter is focused on long-term grazing as a management strategy to maintain the diversity of native annual forbs in California coastal prairies in light of a recent historic drought and increasing temperatures. I resampled paired transects in eleven grazed and ungrazed sites from Monterey to Sonoma counties, California, 15 years after the original study. I found evidence to support the continued use of grazing to maintain higher native annual forb richness in coastal prairies, but also found that native annual forb richness had declined over 15 years in grazed prairies. Grazing continued to maintain low vegetation heights and thatch depths, and prevented shrub encroachment. I used circumstantial evidence from wetland indicator status and specific leaf area to support the hypothesis that severe drought and increasing aridity may be driving the declines in native annual forb richness that I measured, and explore how management and climate may interact to affect plant communities. In my third chapter, I synthesized lessons learned from reintroduction efforts for 14 listed plant species in California. Introductions and reintroductions of listed plant species are likely to be increasingly necessary in the future, so understanding how practitioners view their work and identifying persistent resource mismatches are key to the long-term viability of listed species. I interviewed practitioners to understand their definitions of recovery; how likely they felt recovery was; the advice they would share with other practitioners; and the resources they thought were lacking but that could make future projects more successful. I found that practitioners were generally guided by sound ecological theory and wanted to invest significant time and resources into understanding species biology and ecology, but that there were often barriers to success in the form of funding, time, and social constraints. Rare plant reintroductions are complicated by mismatches in timing and goals, but some individuals have been able to successfully navigate these challenges.
Book Synopsis California Grassland Restoration Literature by :
Download or read book California Grassland Restoration Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ecological Basis for Grassland Conservation Management at Tejon Ranch, California by : Sheri A. Spiegal
Download or read book The Ecological Basis for Grassland Conservation Management at Tejon Ranch, California written by Sheri A. Spiegal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grasslands in California's inland Mediterranean climate zone vary greatly over time and space, largely due to fluctuating rainfall and heterogeneous geology, topography, and soils. In light of a dramatic invasion of exotic species into these grasslands, conservation management goals typically include the preservation and enhancement of native vegetation. Developing specific management targets to achieve these goals, however, is complicated by uncertainty about pre-invasion conditions and the spatial and temporal complexity of the system. The Tejon Ranch, the largest, contiguous, privately-owned property in the state, supports 44,000 ha of California's inland Mediterranean grassland. The mission of the Tejon Ranch Conservancy (Conservancy) is to preserve, enhance, and restore the native biodiversity of Tejon Ranch. In 2009, the Conservancy partnered with the University of California Range Ecology Lab led by James Bartolome to describe the grasslands on the ranch, in order to build the understanding required for management planning. As a doctoral researcher and co-leader of the study from 2010 to 2014, my objective was to develop a scientific framework to inform reliable predictions about the distribution of plant species over space and time in the ranch's grasslands. I investigated three basic questions: 1. Does species composition correlate with geologic, topographic, and edaphic landscape composition, at differing spatial scales? 2. What are the drivers of inter-annual community change at the ecological site scale? 3. What are the alternative states of the ecological sites? Chapter 1 is a description of how I investigated the first question in the western Mojave Desert landscape of the ranch. I collected topographic, edaphic, and ground cover data at 35 small (0.25 m2) plots across a 64 km2 (6.4 x 107 m2) extent in the spring of 2010. Fortuitously, the timing and amount of rainfall in 2009-2010 resulted in high diversity and abundance of native annual forbs and grasses across the landscape. I encountered 46 species; all were annuals except for three perennial bunchgrass species in 9 plots. I found that elevation, soil cation exchange capacity, soil silt percentage, and soil total nitrogen explained 40% of the spatial variation of the 25 species encountered at more than one plot. I identified nine distinct species assemblages, four with plant cover dominated by native annual species, and five with plant cover dominated by exotic annual species. The five exotic assemblages were constrained to two geographic areas of the landscape. Both areas contained sediments from degraded dolomitic roof pendants of the Tehachapi Mountains and featured soils high in clay and nitrogen. I hypothesized that atmospheric nitrogen deposition is preferentially increasing soil nitrogen in these zones, promoting persistent exotic species dominance there. Overall, results suggested that species composition did in fact correlate with landscape composition, as perceived at the scales of geology type and landform, and measured at the smaller scale of the plot. I conclude by recommending that restoration management planning incorporate considerations of biogeochemical nitrogen cycling. In Chapter 2, I explain how the Range Ecology Lab and Tejon Ranch Conservancy investigated my first and second research questions in the San Joaquin Valley landscape of Tejon Ranch. Using thirty-five 3024 m2 study plots across a 294 km2 extent, we discovered that species distribution was more strongly correlated with geology, slope, and elevation than with USDA Major Land Resource Area or soil map unit. Accordingly, we used geology, slope class, and elevation class to divide the grasslands into 52 ecological sites (with 14 ecological sites representing physical conditions of 85% of the grassland area). With a focus on four geographically extensive ecological sites, I demonstrate how we verified the accuracy of our ecological site model, identified community types (i.e., community phases) at the ecological sites, and determined the drivers of community phase shifts between years at the ecological sites (i.e., community pathways). The Pleistocene terraces and Mafic bedrock slopes ecological sites each supported a single community phase in all three years. In contrast, at both the Holocene flats and the Miocene hills ecological sites, phase shifts were observed from 2010 to 2011, and again from 2011 to 2012. These inter-annual shifts in community phases were driven more strongly by variation in rainfall than by rodent bioturbation or livestock grazing. At both ecological sites, October and November rainfall exceeding 2 cm was a prerequisite for community phases dominated by exotic annual grasses, whereas less precipitation in those months promoted community phases with a higher relative abundance of native annual forbs. A concurrent wildlife study on the Holocene flats ecological site revealed that community phases with dense exotic annual grasses are unsuitable for a suite of special-status vertebrates. The Conservancy is using fall rainfall exceeding 2 cm as a cue to suppress exotic annual grass biomass using cattle grazing, in order to enhance conditions for native annual forbs and wildlife. This management prescription would not have been possible without organizing the landscape into ecological sites and tracking the grassland community on those ecological sites across multiple years. In Chapter 3 I describe how we explored my third research question. We used state-and-transition models to catalogue our understanding about historical and contemporary states at the four focal ecological sites in the San Joaquin Valley landscape of Tejon Ranch. Landscape reconnaissance revealed that all but the Pleistocene terraces currently support an alternative state in addition to the herbaceous state measured in 2010-2012 - one with greater relative cover of perennial grasses, shrubs, and/or oaks. Using soil phytoliths and historical accounts, we developed hypotheses about historical states (circa 1772) for the four ecological sites. We propose that the Holocene flats ecological site likely supported a native forbland with an open canopy of Atriplex sp., the Mafic bedrock slopes ecological site likely supported a forbland-oak savanna matrix, and the Pleistocene terraces and Miocene hills ecological sites likely supported grasslands dominated by perennial grasses. Using the state-and-transition models as guides, I describe potential restoration management for each ecological site. The Conservancy is currently spending limited restoration funds to enhance conditions for native annual forbs and wildlife in the current annual grassland state of the Holocene flats. However, significant recovery of native biodiversity appears possible on the Pleistocene terraces and Mafic bedrock slopes ecological sites, if the Conservancy elects to spend the time and money required to cross the thresholds from the current annual grassland states to alternative states on those ecological sites.
Book Synopsis Managing Plant Invasions in California Grasslands by : Kristin B. Hulvey
Download or read book Managing Plant Invasions in California Grasslands written by Kristin B. Hulvey and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Terrestrial Vegetation of California, 3rd Edition by : Michael Barbour
Download or read book Terrestrial Vegetation of California, 3rd Edition written by Michael Barbour and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-07-17 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This completely new edition of Terrestrial Vegetation of California clearly documents the extraordinary complexity and richness of the plant communities and of the state and the forces that shape them. This volume is a storehouse of information of value to anyone concerned with meeting the challenge of understanding, managing or conserving these unique plant communities under the growing threats of climate change, biological invasions and development."—Harold Mooney, Professor of Environmental Biology, Stanford University "The plants of California are under threat like never before. Traditional pressures of development and invasive species have been joined by a newly-recognized threat: human-caused climate change. It is essential that we thoroughly understand current plant community dynamics in order to have a hope of conserving them. This book represents an important, well-timed advance in knowledge of the vegetation of this diverse state and is an essential resource for professionals, students, and the general public alike."—Brent Mishler, Director of the University & Jepson Herbaria and Professor of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
Book Synopsis Experimental Approaches to Conservation Biology by : Malcolm Gordon
Download or read book Experimental Approaches to Conservation Biology written by Malcolm Gordon and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2004-09-13 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are living in the early stages of a looming worldwide extinction crisis. Abundant evidence shows that the current rate of species extinctions is nearing its highest level since the asteroid collision 65 million years ago, and that humans are largely responsible. This book addresses the urgent need to understand and find solutions to this crisis. Written by an international team of contributors who are among the best-known and most active experimental biologists working in the field of conservation biology today, it provides a unique approach by focusing on individual species rather than whole plant and animal communities. Emphasizing throughout how conservation biology can benefit from an experimental approach, the book looks at a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic species—from giant pandas and tree snails to sea turtles and Steller sea lions—and demonstrates what can be done both to preserve rare species and to combat invasive organisms. Finally, contributors show how we can bridge the gap between policy makers and research scientists in order to develop lasting solutions to these problems.
Book Synopsis Proceedings--ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands by : Stephen B. Monsen
Download or read book Proceedings--ecology and Management of Annual Rangelands written by Stephen B. Monsen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual weeds continue to expand throughout the West eliminating many desirable species and plant communities. Wildfires are now common on lands infested with annual weeds, causing a loss of wildlife habitat and other natural resources. Measures can be used to reduce burning and restore native plant communities, but restoration is difficult and costly.
Book Synopsis Contingency in California Grassland Restoration by : Kurt John Vaughn
Download or read book Contingency in California Grassland Restoration written by Kurt John Vaughn and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological restoration in the grasslands of California's Central Valley is a formidable prospect. First, this system represents one of the largest and most complete invasions of any ecosystem on Earth. Second, the highly competitive annual grassland species that have invaded California, while considered ruderal within their native ranges, have formed a remarkably stable novel system in California. Third, interannual rainfall in the seasonally xeric Central Valley is highly variable, and both late onset of winter rains and mid-winter (growing season) droughts are common. Despite these issues, restoration in the grasslands of California's Central Valley is proceeding rapidly. In an effort to increase my understanding of the first two issues I ask whether physiological differences between native and exotic grass guilds can help explain the invasion and current community composition of this system? I found that California perennials are more drought tolerant than Mediterranean annuals but less drought tolerant than Mediterranean perennials, despite the fact that California's Central Valley has a more intense summer drought than the Mediterranean Basin. These patterns may help explain why Mediterranean annuals, but not Mediterranean perennials, have been more successful invaders of interior California grasslands. Driven by my observations of the high interannual variability in the Central Valley, and the resultant variability in success of grassland restoration plantings in this system, I then ask how important is interannual variability in ecological experimentation? I found that the results of many ecological field experiments are likely to be contingent on the year in which they are implemented and argue for more deliberate investigation of temporal contingency in ecological experimentation, especially in the field of restoration ecology, which may be particularly sensitive to treatment by initiation-year interactions. Finally, I revisit the issue of why is this novel annual grassland system so stable. Does earlier germination in exotic annual species may help explain their unprecedented invasion and continued dominance of California grasslands? Does an early germination advantage relative to exotic annual grasses increase the establishment of native grasses? I show that a two week germination advantage significantly increased the establishment success of native perennial grasses, with population-level priority effects showing greater persistence over time than individual-level priority effects.
Book Synopsis Facilitating Use of Prescribed Fire to Manage Invasive Exotic Grasses on California's Annual Grasslands by : Deborah Ann Petersen
Download or read book Facilitating Use of Prescribed Fire to Manage Invasive Exotic Grasses on California's Annual Grasslands written by Deborah Ann Petersen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
