Male Osteoporosis

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Osteoporosis in Men

Author : Eric S. Orwoll
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080923461
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteoporosis in Men by : Eric S. Orwoll

Download or read book Osteoporosis in Men written by Eric S. Orwoll and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-30 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition, the U.S. Surgeon General released the first-ever report on bone health and osteoporosis in October 2004. This report focuses even more attention on the devastating impact osteoporosis has on millions of lives. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2 million American men have osteoporosis, and another 12 million are at risk for this disease. Yet despite the large number of men affected, the lack of awareness by doctors and their patients puts men at a higher risk that the condition may go undiagnosed and untreated. It is estimated that one-fifth to one-third of all hip fractures occur in men. This second edition brings on board John Bilezikian and Dirk Vanderschueren as editors with Eric Orwoll. The table of contents is more than doubling with 58 planned chapters. The format is larger – 8.5 x 11. This edition of Osteoporosis in Men brings together even more eminent investigators and clinicians to interpret developments in this growing field, and describe state-of-the-art research as well as practical approaches to diagnosis, prevention and therapy. Brings together more eminent investigators and clinicians to interpret developments in this growing field Describes state-of-the-art research as well as practical approaches to diagnosis, prevention and therapy There is no book on the market that covers osteoporosis in men as comprehensively as this book

Osteoporosis in Men

Author : Eric S. Orwoll
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080538258
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteoporosis in Men by : Eric S. Orwoll

Download or read book Osteoporosis in Men written by Eric S. Orwoll and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-07-15 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoporosis in men is an important clinical problem that has received little attention, both in the medical arena and from the general public. Although the condition affects a higher percentage of women, it is estimated that two million men in the U.S. have osteoporosis, and three million more are at risk. The lack of awareness by doctors and their patients puts men at a higher risk that the condition may go undiagnosed and untreated.Osteoporosis in Men is the first book to explore this issue in depth. This groundbreaking text brings together eminent investigators and clinicians who interpret developments in this emerging field, and describe state-of-the-art research as well as practical approaches to diagnosis, prevention and therapy. It is an essential reference for researchers, students, and clinicians in bone-related disciplines. Key Features* Provides the first complete description of osteoporosis in men--epidemiology, clinical character, basic aspects, and research directions* Discusses appropriate diagnostic, prevention, and treatment options* Covers a wide range of topics, including the economic impact of fractures on health care expenses* Includes a description of the roles of androgen and estrogen in men* Discusses bone mass measurements and their clinical utility* Explores the essential role of gender in the manifestations of osteoporosis. How is this disorder different in men, and how can we learn from these differences?

Osteoporosis in Men

Author : Eric S. Orwoll
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteoporosis in Men by : Eric S. Orwoll

Download or read book Osteoporosis in Men written by Eric S. Orwoll and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoporosis in men is an important clinical problem that has received little attention, both in the medical arena and from the general public. Although the condition affects a higher percentage of women, it is estimated that two million men in the U.S. have osteoporosis, and three million more are at risk. The lack of awareness by doctors and their patients puts men at a higher risk that the condition may go undiagnosed and untreated. Osteoporosis in Men is the first book to explore this issue in depth. This groundbreaking text brings together eminent investigators and clinicians who interpret developments in this emerging field, and describe state-of-the-art research as well as practical approaches to diagnosis, prevention and therapy. It is an essential reference for researchers, students, and clinicians in bone-related disciplines. Key Features * Provides the first complete description of osteoporosis in men--epidemiology, clinical character, basic aspects, and research directions * Discusses appropriate diagnostic, prevention, and treatment options * Covers a wide range of topics, including the economic impact of fractures on health care expenses * Includes a description of the roles of androgen and estrogen in men * Discusses bone mass measurements and their clinical utility * Explores the essential role of gender in the manifestations of osteoporosis. How is this disorder different in men, and how can we learn from these differences?

Male Osteoporosis

Author : Alberto Ferlin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319963767
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Male Osteoporosis by : Alberto Ferlin

Download or read book Male Osteoporosis written by Alberto Ferlin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a comprehensive, clinically oriented text covering all aspects of male osteoporosis, from the basic concepts of bone physiology and regulation of bone remodeling in men, the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the most frequent causes of osteoporosis, to diagnostic and screening protocols, as well as prevention and treatment approaches. It offers a broad overview of male osteoporosis by specialists involved in research and clinical practice and discusses the practical issues encountered. Filling a gap in the literature, this volume is a valuable resource for general practitioners, clinical endocrinologists, geriatricians and experts in osteoporosis.

Bone Health and Osteoporosis

Author : United States Public Health Service
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781410219275
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Bone Health and Osteoporosis by : United States Public Health Service

Download or read book Bone Health and Osteoporosis written by United States Public Health Service and published by . This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.

Pocket Reference to Osteoporosis

Author : Serge Livio Ferrari
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319267574
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Pocket Reference to Osteoporosis by : Serge Livio Ferrari

Download or read book Pocket Reference to Osteoporosis written by Serge Livio Ferrari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book responds to the daily needs of all clinicians treating patients with osteoporosis and provides a key reference guide for any challenges that arise in clinical practice. This book also covers the genetics of the disease, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current and upcoming treatment recommendations in accordance with the latest international guidelines. Osteoporosis is a disease in which the density and quality of bone are greatly reduced, and as bones become more porous and fragile the risk of fracture increases greatly. It is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases globally with one in three women and one in five men at risk of an osteoporotic fracture, and can result in devastating physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences. However, in spite of this osteoporosis can often be overlooked and undertreated, thus there is a real need to raise awareness of this disease.

The Osteoporosis Manual

Author : Reiner Bartl
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030007316
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Osteoporosis Manual by : Reiner Bartl

Download or read book The Osteoporosis Manual written by Reiner Bartl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive manual covers all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of osteoporosis, offering an upbeat and optimistic assessment of what can be achieved. While scientifically based, the book provides easy-to-follow guidelines for lifelong maintenance of skeletal structure and function. It deals with everything from the basic physiology of bone and mineral metabolism to the diagnostic utility of radiologic imaging and specialized tests and current treatment recommendations, including for fracture management. The relationship of osteoporosis to a variety of other disorders is also thoroughly explored and elucidated. Osteoporosis represents a global threat because every human being is vulnerable to it as time passes. The authors point out the enormous scale of the problem in terms of the human suffering, morbidity, and mortality on the one hand and the associated astronomical national and global costs on the other. Osteoporosis is preventable, and every doctor in every medical discipline can contribute to this goal. And though prevention is better than cure, it is never too late for effective therapy, as outlined in this book. Bone is every doctorʼs and every bodyʼs business!

Osteoporosis

Author : Natalie E. Cusano
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030839516
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteoporosis by : Natalie E. Cusano

Download or read book Osteoporosis written by Natalie E. Cusano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprised of clinical cases of patients with osteoporosis, this concise, practical casebook will provide clinicians with the best real-world strategies to properly diagnose and treat the various elements of the disorder they may encounter. It presents a detailed cross-section of patients across all age groups, with different etiologies of the disease and possible complications, to present sensible management scenarios to physicians treating patients with osteoporosis. The cases presented include considerations for screening and diagnosis, assessment tools, nutrition and lifestyle choices, medical treatments, specific populations including men, the elderly and athletes, and more. Pragmatic and reader-friendly, Osteoporosis: A Clinical Casebook is an excellent resource for primary care providers, endocrinologists, rheumatologists, and other clinicians caring for patients with this disease.

Osteoporosis

Author : Benjamin Z. Leder
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319692879
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteoporosis by : Benjamin Z. Leder

Download or read book Osteoporosis written by Benjamin Z. Leder and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, and utilizing the most current evidence and practice guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis, this comprehensive third edition discusses the basic aspects of bone metabolism, the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, current diagnostic techniques and medical treatment strategies. Osteoporosis is a common disorder that is prevalent in over 20 million Americans over the age of 60. One and a half million osteoporotic fractures occur in the United States every year, including 300,000 hip fractures. Mortality rates after hip fracture approach 25%, with another 50% of patients experiencing a major decrease in their prior level of independence and quality of life. Despite the wide prevalence and severe consequences of osteoporosis, it remains a disorder that is severely under-diagnosed and treated. In this context, specialists and primary care physicians alike are having increasing difficulty keeping up with the rapid changes to the field and incorporating these advances to clinical care. In the years since the last edition of this book was published, the osteoporosis field has changed drastically. In addition to revising and updating existing chapters and removing a few that are no longer as relevant, new chapters discuss an advanced understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder, the introduction of new diagnostic imaging techniques, a more nuanced appreciation of the risks and benefits of osteoporosis therapies, and the introduction of two new classes of osteoporosis medications. Following the format of the second edition, and including helpful key points at the opening of each chapter, this text will present a comprehensive overview of both the basic and clinical concepts relating to each topic, when appropriate. Chapter authors were chosen based on their high level of expertise and leadership in the field. Taken together, this text should thus be of great interest to physicians of multiple specialties, allied health professionals, as well as basic and clinical researchers.

Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis

Author : Andrea Giustina
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805572964
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis by : Andrea Giustina

Download or read book Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis written by Andrea Giustina and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoporosis is one of the most clinically relevant disabling chronic disease encountered in clinical practice. A common cause of osteoporosis is glucocorticoid excess, as glucocorticoids may increase bone resorption, inhibit bone formation, have indirect actions on bone by decreasing intestinal calcium absorption and induce hypercalciuria. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism and structure and on the diagnosis and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It aims at providing updated information on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this often dramatic complication of glucocorticoid excess. Being one of the few publications completely devoted to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis it will heighten the awareness of specialists who prescribe glucocorticoids of the clinical relevance of this treatment complication. 'Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis' is addressed to clinical experts as well as to general practitioners who will both benefit from the comprehensive and integrative view of the management of patients exposed to glucocorticoids.

Osteoporosis

Author : Byron Lawrence Riggs
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Osteoporosis by : Byron Lawrence Riggs

Download or read book Osteoporosis written by Byron Lawrence Riggs and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1995 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Screening Men for Osteoporosis

Author : U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781490477039
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Screening Men for Osteoporosis by : U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Download or read book Screening Men for Osteoporosis written by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the Surgeon General's recent report on osteoporosis stated that, “Strong bones (are) essential to overall health and quality of life,” it warned that, “The bone health status of Americans… is in jeopardy.” Traditionally, osteoporosis was viewed as a disease of women, but it has become clear that osteoporotic fractures result in substantial morbidity, mortality, and costs in men. A 60-year old man has a 25% lifetime risk of sustaining an osteoporotic fracture. The consequences of this fracture can be severe as the one-year mortality rate in men after hip fracture is twice that of women. With the aging of the population, rates of osteoporosis in men are expected to increase nearly 50% in the next 15 years and hip fractures rates are projected to double or triple by 2040. Furthermore, annual U.S. direct medical costs for osteoporosis exceed $17 billion and are expected to increase rapidly with an aging population. The percentage of costs directly attributable to men or veterans is unclear, although 25% of hip fractures, the fracture type associated with greatest costs due to hospitalization and long-term care, occur in men. This large and growing clinical and cost burden, combined with an environment of increasingly limited health care resources, strongly underlies the need to develop rational, evidence-based osteoporosis management strategies to obtain maximum benefit for every health care dollar spent. Despite the substantial advances in our understanding of osteoporosis over the last decade, there are no consensus guidelines on the assessment and management of male osteoporosis. Although osteoporosis management strategies have been evaluated in women, much less work has been done in this area in men. Lack of research in this area has led to considerable uncertainty regarding optimal osteoporosis strategies in men and Veterans. The VA Office of Quality and Performance and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force offer no clinical practice guidelines on the management of osteoporosis in men. This review is being performed as part of the Evidence Synthesis Project, an HSR&D-organized initiative to provide VA policymakers with high quality evidence reviews. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature in order to answer three key questions: 1) What is the epidemiology and what are the key risk factors for male osteoporosis?; 2) Are there any validated screening tools for osteoporosis in men (beyond DXA-assessed central bone density)?; and 3) What is the evidence regarding bone mineral density and fracture risk? Although 25% of men over the age of 60 will sustain osteoporotic fractures during their lifetime, data suggest that male osteoporosis is underdiganosed and undertreated. In order to help inform decisions about whether the Veterans Health Administration should develop screening guidelines for male osteoporosis, summaries of what is known about 1) the epidemiology of male osteoporosis, and 2) the validity of tools to screen and diagnose male osteoporosis are needed. The Key Questions were: Key Question 1. What are the prevalence of and risk factors for osteopenia, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures among men in general and among male Veterans specifically? Key Question 2. Are there any validated tools (outside of central bone density) to screen for osteoporosis in men? Key Question 3. What values of BMD determined by Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) (and by different DXA techniques) have been used to diagnose osteopenia and osteoporosis; and what is the evidence regarding the relationship between differing definitions and the development of osteoporotic fractures?

Radiology of Osteoporosis

Author : Stephan Grampp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662052350
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiology of Osteoporosis by : Stephan Grampp

Download or read book Radiology of Osteoporosis written by Stephan Grampp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the aging population in the Western world, osteoporosis has become a major problem which is of interest to several medical disciplines: not only radiologists but also gynecologists, endocrinologists, rheumatologists, and orthopedic surgeons are involved in the management of this widespread condition. Functional imaging is becoming rapidly an important area of diagnostic radiology. Imaging of osteoporosis is another application of this recent addition to the armory of radiology. It is important that radiologists should be fully aware of the range of diagnostic modalities-conventional radiologic methods, dual X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, quantitative ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. -that are now available for the diagnosis and the follow-up of osteoporosis, and know how to apply these sophisticated methods in daily clinical practice. Dr. S. Grampp is a radiologist with a longstanding interest in osteoporosis, and his previous publications on this condition are internationally known. He has been very successful in engaging several outstandingly qualified experts to contribute to the indi vidual chapters of this superb book, which provides a omprehensive c overview of our current knowledge of osteoporosis. I am confident that this volume will meet with great interest from radiologists and all other clinicians involved in the care of patients with osteoporosis and will encounter the same success as many previous volumes in this series.

Diet and Health

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309039940
Total Pages : 765 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Diet and Health by : National Research Council

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Clinical Gynecology

Author : Eric J. Bieber
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107040396
Total Pages : 1127 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Gynecology by : Eric J. Bieber

Download or read book Clinical Gynecology written by Eric J. Bieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.

Marcus and Feldman's Osteoporosis

Author : David W. Dempster
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128130741
Total Pages : 1950 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Marcus and Feldman's Osteoporosis by : David W. Dempster

Download or read book Marcus and Feldman's Osteoporosis written by David W. Dempster and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 1950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marcus and Feldman's Osteoporosis, Fifth Edition, is the most comprehensive, authoritative reference on this disease. Led by a new editorial team, this fifth edition offers critical information on reproductive and hormonal risk factors, new therapeutics, ethnicity, nutrition, therapeutics, management and economics, comprising a tremendous wealth of knowledge in a single source not found elsewhere. Written by renowned experts in the field, this two-volume reference is a must-have for biomedical researchers, research clinicians, fellows, academic and medical libraries, and any company involved in osteoporosis drug research and development. Summarizes the latest research in bone biology and translational applications in a range of new therapeutic agents, including essential updates on therapeutic uses of calcium, vitamin D, SERMS, bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone, and new therapeutic agents Recognizes the critical importance of new signaling pathways for bone health, including Wnt, OPG and RANK, of interest to both researchers who study bone biology and clinicians who treat osteoporosis Offers new insights into osteoporosis associated with menopause, pre-menopause, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, HIV and other immune disorders

Machine Learning for Healthcare Applications

Author : Sachi Nandan Mohanty
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119791812
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Machine Learning for Healthcare Applications by : Sachi Nandan Mohanty

Download or read book Machine Learning for Healthcare Applications written by Sachi Nandan Mohanty and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When considering the idea of using machine learning in healthcare, it is a Herculean task to present the entire gamut of information in the field of intelligent systems. It is, therefore the objective of this book to keep the presentation narrow and intensive. This approach is distinct from others in that it presents detailed computer simulations for all models presented with explanations of the program code. It includes unique and distinctive chapters on disease diagnosis, telemedicine, medical imaging, smart health monitoring, social media healthcare, and machine learning for COVID-19. These chapters help develop a clear understanding of the working of an algorithm while strengthening logical thinking. In this environment, answering a single question may require accessing several data sources and calling on sophisticated analysis tools. While data integration is a dynamic research area in the database community, the specific needs of research have led to the development of numerous middleware systems that provide seamless data access in a result-driven environment. Since this book is intended to be useful to a wide audience, students, researchers and scientists from both academia and industry may all benefit from this material. It contains a comprehensive description of issues for healthcare data management and an overview of existing systems, making it appropriate for introductory and instructional purposes. Prerequisites are minimal; the readers are expected to have basic knowledge of machine learning. This book is divided into 22 real-time innovative chapters which provide a variety of application examples in different domains. These chapters illustrate why traditional approaches often fail to meet customers’ needs. The presented approaches provide a comprehensive overview of current technology. Each of these chapters, which are written by the main inventors of the presented systems, specifies requirements and provides a description of both the chosen approach and its implementation. Because of the self-contained nature of these chapters, they may be read in any order. Each of the chapters use various technical terms which involve expertise in machine learning and computer science.