Building the American Republic, Volume 2

Download Building the American Republic, Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022630082X
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Building the American Republic, Volume 2 by : Harry L. Watson

Download or read book Building the American Republic, Volume 2 written by Harry L. Watson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Building the American Republic tells the story of United States with remarkable grace and skill, its fast moving narrative making the nation's struggles and accomplishments new and compelling. Weaving together stories of abroad range of Americans. Volume 1 starts at sea and ends on the field. Beginning with the earliest Americans and the arrival of strangers on the eastern shore, it then moves through colonial society to the fight for independence and the construction of a federal republic. Vol 2 opens as America struggles to regain its footing, reeling from a presidential assassination and facing massive economic growth, rapid demographic change, and combustive politics.

Beyond the Founders

Download Beyond the Founders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 080789883X
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beyond the Founders by : Jeffrey L. Pasley

Download or read book Beyond the Founders written by Jeffrey L. Pasley and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009-11-04 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In pursuit of a more sophisticated and inclusive American history, the contributors to Beyond the Founders propose new directions for the study of the political history of the republic before the Civil War. In ways formal and informal, symbolic and tactile, this political world encompassed blacks, women, entrepreneurs, and Native Americans, as well as the Adamses, Jeffersons, and Jacksons, all struggling in their own ways to shape the new nation and express their ideas of American democracy. Taking inspiration from the new cultural and social histories, these political historians show that the early history of the United States was not just the product of a few "founding fathers," but was also marked by widespread and passionate popular involvement; print media more politically potent than that of later eras; and political conflicts and influences that crossed lines of race, gender, and class. Contributors: John L. Brooke, The Ohio State University Andrew R. L. Cayton, Miami University (Ohio) Saul Cornell, The Ohio State University Seth Cotlar, Willamette University Reeve Huston, Duke University Nancy Isenberg, University of Tulsa Richard R. John, University of Illinois at Chicago Albrecht Koschnik, Florida State University Rich Newman, Rochester Institute of Technology Jeffrey L. Pasley, University of Missouri, Columbia Andrew W. Robertson, City University of New York William G. Shade, Lehigh University David Waldstreicher, Temple University Rosemarie Zagarri, George Mason University

Faith and the Founders of the American Republic

Download Faith and the Founders of the American Republic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199843333
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Faith and the Founders of the American Republic by : Daniel L. Dreisbach

Download or read book Faith and the Founders of the American Republic written by Daniel L. Dreisbach and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of religion in the founding of America has long been a hotly debated question. Some historians have regarded the views of a few famous founders, such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Thomas Paine, as evidence that the founders were deists who advocated the strict separation of church and state. Popular Christian polemicists, on the other hand, have attempted to show that virtually all of the founders were pious Christians in favor of public support for religion. As the essays in this volume demonstrate, a diverse array of religious traditions informed the political culture of the American founding. Faith and the Founders of the American Republic includes studies both of minority faiths, such as Islam and Judaism, and of major traditions like Calvinism. It also includes nuanced analysis of specific founders-Quaker fellow-traveler John Dickinson, prominent Baptists Isaac Backus and John Leland, and Theistic Rationalist Gouverneur Morris, among others-with attention to their personal histories, faiths, constitutional philosophies, and views on the relationship between religion and the state. This volume will be a crucial resource for anyone interested in the place of faith in the founding of the American constitutional republic, from political, religious, historical, and legal perspectives.

American Republics: A Continental History of the United States, 1783-1850

Download American Republics: A Continental History of the United States, 1783-1850 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 1324005807
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis American Republics: A Continental History of the United States, 1783-1850 by : Alan Taylor

Download or read book American Republics: A Continental History of the United States, 1783-1850 written by Alan Taylor and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2022 New-York Historical Society Book Prize in American History A Washington Post and BookPage Best Nonfiction Book of the Year From a Pulitzer Prize–winning historian, the powerful story of a fragile nation as it expands across a contested continent. In this beautifully written history of America’s formative period, a preeminent historian upends the traditional story of a young nation confidently marching to its continent-spanning destiny. The newly constituted United States actually emerged as a fragile, internally divided union of states contending still with European empires and other independent republics on the North American continent. Native peoples sought to defend their homelands from the flood of American settlers through strategic alliances with the other continental powers. The system of American slavery grew increasingly powerful and expansive, its vigorous internal trade in Black Americans separating parents and children, husbands and wives. Bitter party divisions pitted elites favoring strong government against those, like Andrew Jackson, espousing a democratic populism for white men. Violence was both routine and organized: the United States invaded Canada, Florida, Texas, and much of Mexico, and forcibly removed most of the Native peoples living east of the Mississippi. At the end of the period the United States, its conquered territory reaching the Pacific, remained internally divided, with sectional animosities over slavery growing more intense. Taylor’s elegant history of this tumultuous period offers indelible miniatures of key characters from Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth to Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Margaret Fuller. It captures the high-stakes political drama as Jackson and Adams, Clay, Calhoun, and Webster contend over slavery, the economy, Indian removal, and national expansion. A ground-level account of American industrialization conveys the everyday lives of factory workers and immigrant families. And the immersive narrative puts us on the streets of Port-au-Prince, Mexico City, Quebec, and the Cherokee capital, New Echota. Absorbing and chilling, American Republics illuminates the continuities between our own social and political divisions and the events of this formative period.

Affairs of Honor

Download Affairs of Honor PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300097559
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Affairs of Honor by : Joanne B. Freeman

Download or read book Affairs of Honor written by Joanne B. Freeman and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a reassessment of the tumultuous culture of politics on the national stage during America's early years, when Jefferson, Burr, and Hamilton were among the national leaders, Freeman shows how the rituals and rhetoric of honor provides ground rules for political combat. Illustrations.

A Free People's Suicide

Download A Free People's Suicide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 0830866825
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Free People's Suicide by : Os Guinness

Download or read book A Free People's Suicide written by Os Guinness and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2012-06-11 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural observer Os Guinness argues that the American experiment in freedom is at risk. Guinness calls us to cultivate the essential civic character needed for ordered liberty and sustainable freedom. True freedom requires virtue, which in turn requires faith. Only within the framework of what is true, right and good can freedom be found.

A Leap in the Dark

Download A Leap in the Dark PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199728704
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Leap in the Dark by : John Ferling

Download or read book A Leap in the Dark written by John Ferling and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-12 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was an age of fascinating leaders and difficult choices, of grand ideas eloquently expressed and of epic conflicts bitterly fought. Now comes a brilliant portrait of the American Revolution, one that is compelling in its prose, fascinating in its details, and provocative in its fresh interpretations. In A Leap in the Dark, John Ferling offers a magisterial new history that surges from the first rumblings of colonial protest to the volcanic election of 1800. Ferling's swift-moving narrative teems with fascinating details. We see Benjamin Franklin trying to decide if his loyalty was to Great Britain or to America, and we meet George Washington when he was a shrewd planter-businessman who discovered personal economic advantages to American independence. We encounter those who supported the war against Great Britain in 1776, but opposed independence because it was a "leap in the dark." Following the war, we hear talk in the North of secession from the United States. The author offers a gripping account of the most dramatic events of our history, showing just how closely fought were the struggle for independence, the adoption of the Constitution, and the later battle between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. Yet, without slowing the flow of events, he has also produced a landmark study of leadership and ideas. Here is all the erratic brilliance of Hamilton and Jefferson battling to shape the new nation, and here too is the passion and political shrewdness of revolutionaries, such as Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry, and their Loyalist counterparts, Joseph Galloway and Thomas Hutchinson. Here as well are activists who are not so well known today, men like Abraham Yates, who battled for democratic change, and Theodore Sedgwick, who fought to preserve the political and social system of the colonial past. Ferling shows that throughout this period the epic political battles often resembled today's politics and the politicians--the founders--played a political hardball attendant with enmities, selfish motivations, and bitterness. The political stakes, this book demonstrates, were extraordinary: first to secure independence, then to determine the meaning of the American Revolution. John Ferling has shown himself to be an insightful historian of our Revolution, and an unusually skillful writer. A Leap in the Dark is his masterpiece, work that provokes, enlightens, and entertains in full measure.

The American Republic

Download The American Republic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780865973336
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (733 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The American Republic by : Bruce Frohnen

Download or read book The American Republic written by Bruce Frohnen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many reference works offer compilations of critical documents covering individual liberty, local autonomy, constitutional order, and other issues that helped to shape the American political tradition. Yet few of those works are available in a form suitable for classroom use, and traditional textbooks give short shrift to these important issues. The American Republic overcomes that knowledge gap by providing, in a single volume, critical, original documents revealing the character of American discourse on the nature and importance of local government, the purposes of federal union, and the role of religion and tradition in forming America’s drive for liberty. The American Republic is divided into nine sections, each illustrating major philosophical, cultural, and policy positions at issue during crucial eras of American development. Readers will find documentary evidence of the purposes behind European settlement, American response to English acts, the pervasive role of religion in early American public life, and perspectives in the debate over independence. Subsequent chapters examine the roots of American constitutionalism, Federalist and Anti-Federalist arguments concerning the need to protect common law rights, and the debates over whether the states or the federal government held final authority in determining the course of public policy in America. Also included are the discussions regarding disagreements over internal improvements and other federal measures aimed at binding the nation, particularly in the area of commerce. The final section focuses on the political, cultural, and legal issues leading to the Civil War. Arguments and attempted compromises regarding slavery, along with laws that helped shape slavery, are highlighted. The volume ends with the prelude to the Civil War, a natural stopping-off point for studies of early American history. By bringing together key original documents and other writings that explain cultural, religious, and historical concerns, this volume gives students, teachers, and general readers an effective way to begin examining the diversity of issues and influences that characterize American history. The result unquestionably leads to a deeper and more thorough understanding of America's political, institutional, and cultural continuity and change. Bruce P. Frohnen is Associate Professor of Law at Ohio Northern University College of Law. He holds a J.D. from the Emory University School of Law and a Ph.D. in Government from Cornell University. Click here to print or download The American Republic index.

A Great and Rising Nation

Download A Great and Rising Nation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226819922
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Great and Rising Nation by : Michael A. Verney

Download or read book A Great and Rising Nation written by Michael A. Verney and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-07-20 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jeremiah Reynolds and the empire of knowledge -- The United States exploring expedition as Jacksonian capitalism -- The United States exploring expedition in popular culture -- The Dead Sea expedition and the empire of faith -- Proslavery explorations of South America -- Arctic exploration and US-UK rapprochement.

Revolutionary Backlash

Download Revolutionary Backlash PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812205553
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Revolutionary Backlash by : Rosemarie Zagarri

Download or read book Revolutionary Backlash written by Rosemarie Zagarri and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Seneca Falls Convention is typically seen as the beginning of the first women's rights movement in the United States. Revolutionary Backlash argues otherwise. According to Rosemarie Zagarri, the debate over women's rights began not in the decades prior to 1848 but during the American Revolution itself. Integrating the approaches of women's historians and political historians, this book explores changes in women's status that occurred from the time of the American Revolution until the election of Andrew Jackson. Although the period after the Revolution produced no collective movement for women's rights, women built on precedents established during the Revolution and gained an informal foothold in party politics and male electoral activities. Federalists and Jeffersonians vied for women's allegiance and sought their support in times of national crisis. Women, in turn, attended rallies, organized political activities, and voiced their opinions on the issues of the day. After the publication of Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, a widespread debate about the nature of women's rights ensued. The state of New Jersey attempted a bold experiment: for a brief time, women there voted on the same terms as men. Yet as Rosemarie Zagarri argues in Revolutionary Backlash, this opening for women soon closed. By 1828, women's politicization was seen more as a liability than as a strength, contributing to a divisive political climate that repeatedly brought the country to the brink of civil war. The increasing sophistication of party organizations and triumph of universal suffrage for white males marginalized those who could not vote, especially women. Yet all was not lost. Women had already begun to participate in charitable movements, benevolent societies, and social reform organizations. Through these organizations, women found another way to practice politics.

The Other Founders

Download The Other Founders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 0807839213
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Other Founders by : Saul Cornell

Download or read book The Other Founders written by Saul Cornell and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fear of centralized authority is deeply rooted in American history. The struggle over the U.S. Constitution in 1788 pitted the Federalists, supporters of a stronger central government, against the Anti-Federalists, the champions of a more localist vision of politics. But, argues Saul Cornell, while the Federalists may have won the battle over ratification, it is the ideas of the Anti-Federalists that continue to define the soul of American politics. While no Anti-Federalist party emerged after ratification, Anti-Federalism continued to help define the limits of legitimate dissent within the American constitutional tradition for decades. Anti-Federalist ideas also exerted an important influence on Jeffersonianism and Jacksonianism. Exploring the full range of Anti-Federalist thought, Cornell illustrates its continuing relevance in the politics of the early Republic. A new look at the Anti-Federalists is particularly timely given the recent revival of interest in this once neglected group, notes Cornell. Now widely reprinted, Anti-Federalist writings are increasingly quoted by legal scholars and cited in Supreme Court decisions--clear proof that their authors are now counted among the ranks of America's founders.

Vagrants and Vagabonds

Download Vagrants and Vagabonds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479845256
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vagrants and Vagabonds by : Kristin O'Brassill-Kulfan

Download or read book Vagrants and Vagabonds written by Kristin O'Brassill-Kulfan and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The riveting story of control over the mobility of poor migrants, and how their movements shaped current perceptions of class and status in the United States Vagrants. Vagabonds. Hoboes. Identified by myriad names, the homeless and geographically mobile have been with us since the earliest periods of recorded history. In the early days of the United States, these poor migrants – consisting of everyone from work-seekers to runaway slaves – populated the roads and streets of major cities and towns. These individuals were a part of a social class whose geographical movements broke settlement laws, penal codes, and welfare policies. This book documents their travels and experiences across the Atlantic world, excavating their life stories from the records of criminal justice systems and relief organizations. Vagrants and Vagabonds examines the subsistence activities of the mobile poor, from migration to wage labor to petty theft, and how local and state municipal authorities criminalized these activities, prompting extensive punishment. Kristin O’Brassill-Kulfan examines the intertwined legal constructions, experiences, and responses to these so-called “vagrants,” arguing that we can glean important insights about poverty and class in this period by paying careful attention to mobility. This book charts why and how the itinerant poor were subject to imprisonment and forced migration, and considers the relationship between race and the right to movement and residence in the antebellum US. Ultimately, Vagrants and Vagabonds argues that poor migrants, the laws designed to curtail their movements, and the people charged with managing them, were central to shaping everything from the role of the state to contemporary conceptions of community to class and labor status, the spread of disease, and punishment in the early American republic.

Nature's God: The Heretical Origins of the American Republic

Download Nature's God: The Heretical Origins of the American Republic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393244318
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nature's God: The Heretical Origins of the American Republic by : Matthew Stewart

Download or read book Nature's God: The Heretical Origins of the American Republic written by Matthew Stewart and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Longlisted for the National Book Award. Where did the ideas come from that became the cornerstone of American democracy? America’s founders intended to liberate us not just from one king but from the ghostly tyranny of supernatural religion. Drawing deeply on the study of European philosophy, Matthew Stewart brilliantly tracks the ancient, pagan, and continental ideas from which America’s revolutionaries drew their inspiration. In the writings of Spinoza, Lucretius, and other great philosophers, Stewart recovers the true meanings of “Nature’s God,” “the pursuit of happiness,” and the radical political theory with which the American experiment in self-government began.

Republic, Not an Empire

Download Republic, Not an Empire PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1621571009
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (215 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Republic, Not an Empire by : Patrick J. Buchanan

Download or read book Republic, Not an Empire written by Patrick J. Buchanan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-02-05 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All but predicting the September 11 attack on the World Trade Center, Buchanan examines and critiques America's recent foreign policy and argues for new policies that consider America's interests first.

In Pursuit of Knowledge

Download In Pursuit of Knowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479816728
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis In Pursuit of Knowledge by : Kabria Baumgartner

Download or read book In Pursuit of Knowledge written by Kabria Baumgartner and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2022-04 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, 2021 AERA Outstanding Book Award Winner, 2021 AERA Division F New Scholar's Book Award Winner, 2020 Mary Kelley Book Prize, given by the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic Winner, 2020 Outstanding Book Award, given by the History of Education Society Uncovers the hidden role of girls and women in the desegregation of American education The story of school desegregation in the United States often begins in the mid-twentieth-century South. Drawing on archival sources and genealogical records, Kabria Baumgartner uncovers the story’s origins in the nineteenth-century Northeast and identifies a previously overlooked group of activists: African American girls and women. In their quest for education, African American girls and women faced numerous obstacles—from threats and harassment to violence. For them, education was a daring undertaking that put them in harm’s way. Yet bold and brave young women such as Sarah Harris, Sarah Parker Remond, Rosetta Morrison, Susan Paul, and Sarah Mapps Douglass persisted. In Pursuit of Knowledge argues that African American girls and women strategized, organized, wrote, and protested for equal school rights—not just for themselves, but for all. Their activism gave rise to a new vision of womanhood: the purposeful woman, who was learned, active, resilient, and forward-thinking. Moreover, these young women set in motion equal-school-rights victories at the local and state level, and laid the groundwork for further action to democratize schools in twentieth-century America. In this thought-provoking book, Baumgartner demonstrates that the confluence of race and gender has shaped the long history of school desegregation in the United States right up to the present.

The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787

Download The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 080789981X
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 by : Gordon S. Wood

Download or read book The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787 written by Gordon S. Wood and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the half dozen most important books ever written about the American Revolution.--New York Times Book Review "During the nearly two decades since its publication, this book has set the pace, furnished benchmarks, and afforded targets for many subsequent studies. If ever a work of history merited the appellation 'modern classic,' this is surely one.--William and Mary Quarterly "[A] brilliant and sweeping interpretation of political culture in the Revolutionary generation.--New England Quarterly "This is an admirable, thoughtful, and penetrating study of one of the most important chapters in American history.--Wesley Frank Craven

This Republic of Suffering

Download This Republic of Suffering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0375703837
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (757 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis This Republic of Suffering by : Drew Gilpin Faust

Download or read book This Republic of Suffering written by Drew Gilpin Faust and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2009-01-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST • An "extraordinary ... profoundly moving" history (The New York Times Book Review) of the American Civil War that reveals the ways that death on such a scale changed not only individual lives but the life of the nation. An estiated 750,000 soldiers lost their lives in the American Civil War. An equivalent proportion of today's population would be seven and a half million. In This Republic of Suffering, Drew Gilpin Faust describes how the survivors managed on a practical level and how a deeply religious culture struggled to reconcile the unprecedented carnage with its belief in a benevolent God. Throughout, the voices of soldiers and their families, of statesmen, generals, preachers, poets, surgeons, nurses, northerners and southerners come together to give us a vivid understanding of the Civil War's most fundamental and widely shared reality. With a new introduction by the author, and a new foreword by Mike Mullen, 17th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.