Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition

Download Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481610120
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Lymphatic Diseases in a concise format. The editors have built Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Lymphatic Diseases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2012 Edition

Download Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464991944
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Lymphatic System. The editors have built Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Lymphatic System in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition

Download Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481690523
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Metabolic Diseases. The editors have built Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Metabolic Diseases in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2013 Edition

Download Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2013 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481683160
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Peyer’s Patches. The editors have built Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Peyer’s Patches in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Lymphatic System Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

Download Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805253
Total Pages : 1027 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2012 Edition

Download Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464991677
Total Pages : 765 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Advances in Immune System Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Immune System Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Immune System. The editors have built Advances in Immune System Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Immune System in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Immune System Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition

Download Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481610139
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Lymphatic Diseases in a concise format. The editors have built Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Lymphatic Diseases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Lymphatic Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Organoplatinum Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition

Download Organoplatinum Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481690728
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organoplatinum Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Organoplatinum Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organoplatinum Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about ZZZAdditional Research in a concise format. The editors have built Organoplatinum Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about ZZZAdditional Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Organoplatinum Compounds—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Advances in Lymph Node Excision Research and Application: 2012 Edition

Download Advances in Lymph Node Excision Research and Application: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481628259
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Lymph Node Excision Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Advances in Lymph Node Excision Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Lymph Node Excision Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Lymph Node Excision in a compact format. The editors have built Advances in Lymph Node Excision Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Lymph Node Excision in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Lymph Node Excision Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Diseases of the Lymphatics

Download Diseases of the Lymphatics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780340762035
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diseases of the Lymphatics by : Norman Browse

Download or read book Diseases of the Lymphatics written by Norman Browse and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-03-28 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and authoritative book covers the basic science aspects of the lymphatic system and the pathophysiology of its diseases. The major part covers treatment options, uniquely combining both surgical and non-invasive therapeutic approaches. Authored by three leading authorities in the study of lymphatic disease this text has specialist contributions from other international experts.

Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes

Download Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 1587634333
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (876 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes by : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ

Download or read book Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes written by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.

Kawasaki Disease

Download Kawasaki Disease PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431560394
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kawasaki Disease by : Ben Tsutomu Saji

Download or read book Kawasaki Disease written by Ben Tsutomu Saji and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most up-to-date information on the clinical research into and medical management of Kawasaki Disease, and opens the door for new pathological insights. Its nearly 50 sections cover basic research, genetic backgrounds, bacterial and biological evidence, and medical treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, and recent anti-cytokine approaches. It offers an invaluable resource for general pediatricians, pediatric and adult cardiologists, pediatric cardiac surgeons, infectious disease specialists, pediatric rheumatologists, epidemiologists, and basic researchers in these disciplines.

Let's Talk Lymphoedema

Download Let's Talk Lymphoedema PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elliott & Thompson
ISBN 13 : 9781783962853
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (628 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Let's Talk Lymphoedema by : Peter Mortimer

Download or read book Let's Talk Lymphoedema written by Peter Mortimer and published by Elliott & Thompson. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lymphoedema results from a failure of the lymphatic system, causing swelling and fluid retention; it can also cause aching, heaviness and difficulty moving. Research shows that around 140 million people worldwide may be living with lymphoedema, and it affects approximately one in five women after breast cancer treatment. There is no cure for the disease, but there are ways to control the symptoms. Let's Talk Lymphoedema has been written to help sufferers deal with its debilitating effects, providing information and inspiration to help them lead rich, vibrant lives. It features contributions from international experts and personalities such as Miriam Stoppard, and the actress Kathy Bates, who herself suffers from the condition. Including essential medical information (immune system and infection; microsurgery; obesity; podiatry); treatment advice (compression garments; physiotherapy; exercises); and day-to-day support (psychology, sexuality and others' perceptions), this is an essential read for sufferers, friends, family and medical professionals alike.

Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Download Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319397087
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by : Ajay Vora

Download or read book Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia written by Ajay Vora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all aspects of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, from basic biology to supportive care. It offers new insights into the genetic pre-disposition to the condition and discusses how response to early therapy and its basic biology are utilized to develop new prognostic stratification systems and target therapy. Readers will learn about current treatment and outcomes, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy approaches. Supportive care and management of the condition in resource poor countries are also discussed in detail. This is an indispensable guide for research and laboratory scientists, pediatric hematologists as well as specialist nurses involved in the care of childhood leukemia.

Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

Download Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323074766
Total Pages : 934 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery by : John W. Hallett Jr.

Download or read book Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery written by John W. Hallett Jr. and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-09-30 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2nd Edition, edited by John W. Hallett, Jr., MD, FACS, Joseph L. Mills, MD, Jonothan Earnshaw, DM, FRCS, Jim A. Reekers, MD, PhD, and Thom Rooke, MD delivers in-depth, clinically focused coverage of all aspects of vascular surgery in an exceptionally well-designed single reference. Each disease chapter follows the same consistent format, for quick consultation and better comprehension. The revised 2nd Edition features several new chapters, increased endovascular treatment coverage, and updated data from the latest trials...bringing you the newest advances from the field. More than 1,000 photographs, line drawings and tables-including many revised illustrations now in color-depict key concepts and procedures. With its practical user friendly approach-and online access through Expert Consult functionality-this resource offers convenient access to complete guidance. Presents the work of a team of nearly 80 internationally respected vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists who focus on the issues and challenges you face in everyday practice. Uses a highly structured, templated format in each chapter to quickly and consistently deliver information on basic science, clinical presentation, non-invasive testing, medical management, surgical management, complications, outcome, and follow up-making information easy to access and understand. Includes Key Points boxes in every chapter that allow for quick reference and efficient study. Features over 1,000 photographs, line drawings, charts and tables that make important information easy to comprehend. Integrates clinical information with basic science making the material relevant to everyday practice. Covers treatment and interventions from an evidence-based perspective, whenever possible. Provides short, clinical vignettes in the same style as those found on oral exams. Provides online access to the text via expertconsult.com where you can perform quick searches of the complete contents, download all of the images, further your study with bonus review and self assessment questions, and follow links to PubMed abstracts for convenient consultation whwere and when you need it most. Offers new chapters on vascular diagnosis, graft infections, aortic dissection, and visceral aneurysms for greater coverage of the field. Includes a significant increase in endovascular treatment coverage in many of the chapters, reflecting the growing need for experience in these procedures. Presents current data from DREAM and EVAR 1 and 2 trials. Features a revised artwork program-including many revised illustrations and former black and white images now in color-for an enhanced visual understanding of concepts. Includes bonus review and self assessment questions accompany the online version.

Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries

Download Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821361805
Total Pages : 1449 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries by : Dean T. Jamison

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-02 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.

Lymphedema

Download Lymphedema PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319144936
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lymphedema by : Arin K. Greene

Download or read book Lymphedema written by Arin K. Greene and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a clinically-oriented book that can be used for patient care, teaching, or research. It covers the entire field of lymphedema, including both primary and secondary disease, as well as all diagnostic and treatment modalities. The text begins with a foundation for the condition, including its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and morbidity. Next, the classification of lymphedema is covered which is the template for accurate diagnosis. Clinical, radiological, and differential diagnosis of lymphedema is also reviewed. Finally, conservative and operative management is presented, including both physiologic and excisional procedures. Lymphedema: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment provides a comprehensive, easy-to-read reference for any health care provider managing a patient with lymphedema. The text is clinically-focused, evidence-based, and practical. The reader, regardless of his/her level of training or specialty, will be able to adequately treat a patient with lymphedema using this resource. To facilitate its use in clinical settings, the book was designed to be portable. In addition, diagnostic and treatment algorithms are included to further simplify the management of these patients. Patient images are presented throughout the text to illustrate the clinical care of lymphedema. All chapters are written by experts in the field, and contain the most current information on the topic.