Low Temperature Sulfate Resistance Of Concrete Produced With Portland Limestone Cements And Supplementary Cementitious Materials

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Low Temperature Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Produced with Portland-limestone Cements and Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Author : Reza Mohammadi Ahani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Temperature Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Produced with Portland-limestone Cements and Supplementary Cementitious Materials by : Reza Mohammadi Ahani

Download or read book Low Temperature Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Produced with Portland-limestone Cements and Supplementary Cementitious Materials written by Reza Mohammadi Ahani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland-limestone cement with up to 15% interground limestone was included in the Canadian Standard A3000 for Hydraulic Cements in 2008. However, due to the lack of data on sulfate resistance of concrete especially the potential for thaumasite sulfate attack at low temperatures, the use of portland-limestone cement in concretes subjected to moderate or severe sulfate exposures, even when blended with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) was not allowed. In this experimental research, the sulfate resistance of fifty three concrete mixtures produced with several combinations of portland and/or portland-limestone cements and SCMs at three different water-to-cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.70 exposed to both sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions was evaluated in both laboratory and field exposures at low temperatures by measuring changes in length, mass, and resonant frequency of concrete prisms as well as making visual inspections. Also, the causes, mechanisms, and depth of deterioration in damaged concrete mixtures having insufficient levels of SCMs was investigated by mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses using micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that SCMs at sufficient replacement levels significantly improve the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and in such mixtures there was no impact of limestone additions. The sulfate resistance of PC+SCMs and PLC+SCMs concrete mixtures is equal to or better than that of currently allowed highly and moderately sulfate-resistant portland and blended cements. Exposure to magnesium sulfate solution is more aggressive than sodium sulfate solution. The sulfate resistance of concrete prisms in the selected field exposures is better than that of prisms in the selected laboratory exposures due to more reasonable concentrations of sulfate solutions, larger prism size, and possibly including the variable temperature used in the field exposure. Since there is no standard test method for evaluating the sulfate resistance of concrete due to the potential threat from thaumasite sulfate attack at low temperature and previous research focused on mortar tests, the results of this research can be used to develop a standard test method for evaluating the sulfate resistance of concrete.

Sulfate Resistance and Properties of Portland- Limestone Cements

Author : Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494972786
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Sulfate Resistance and Properties of Portland- Limestone Cements by : Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour

Download or read book Sulfate Resistance and Properties of Portland- Limestone Cements written by Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Integrated Materials and Construction Practices for Concrete Pavement

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780965231091
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Materials and Construction Practices for Concrete Pavement by :

Download or read book Integrated Materials and Construction Practices for Concrete Pavement written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manual of integrated material and construction practices for concrete pavements.

Improving Performance of Portland-limestone Cements in Sulfate Exposures Using Supplementary Cementing Materials

Author : Seyed Sajjad Mirvalad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Performance of Portland-limestone Cements in Sulfate Exposures Using Supplementary Cementing Materials by : Seyed Sajjad Mirvalad

Download or read book Improving Performance of Portland-limestone Cements in Sulfate Exposures Using Supplementary Cementing Materials written by Seyed Sajjad Mirvalad and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland limestone cement (PLC) is a recent addition to North America, promoted for its environmental benefits while maintaining suitable properties in both the fresh and hardened state. However, due to concerns regarding the degradation of concrete in sulfate exposure, especially in cold environments, its use is currently limited. In Canada, this type of cement was first introduced in 2008, but its practice in sulfate exposure was prohibited according to CSA A23.1. In 2010, CSA A3001 introduced physical requirements and suggested minimum amounts of supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) to be used for a blended PLC to be considered in sulfate exposure. Alongside, CSA A3004-C8, the standard test method for evaluating performance of cement in sulfate exposure, was revised. In this study, different SCMs available in Canada were used in binary and ternary PLC blends in order to achieve sulfate resistance. For all PLC blends, ettringite sulfate attack (ESA) and thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA) were studied. It was found that the PLC blends containing the standard recommended amounts of SCMs were not resistant against TSA. However, when the SCM amount was increased in the blend, the desired resistance was achieved. Ternary blends of slag and fly ash were found to be the most resistant. In addition, mass changes in ESA and TSA as well as compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity in mortar samples were studied. Moreover, a combined differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction study were performed on samples in TSA and indicated formation of thaumasite in the deteriorated samples as well as on the surface of the intact ones. Interestingly, the mortar samples of the ternary PLC blend containing 40% slag and 20% fly ash were the only ones that did not show formation of thaumasite after a two-year TSA study. Overall, SCMs were found effective in improving the resistance of PLC blends in sulfate exposure. Additionally, it was found that, in general, the increase in the SCM content in a PLC blend promoted its resistance.

The Use of Limestone in Portland Cement

Author : Rachel Jean Detwiler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Limestone in Portland Cement by : Rachel Jean Detwiler

Download or read book The Use of Limestone in Portland Cement written by Rachel Jean Detwiler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cementitious Materials

Author : Herbert Pöllmann
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110473720
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Cementitious Materials by : Herbert Pöllmann

Download or read book Cementitious Materials written by Herbert Pöllmann and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aside from water the materials which are used by mankind in highest quantities arecementitious materials and concrete. This book shows how the quality of the technical product depends on mineral phases and their reactions during the hydration and strengthening process. Additives and admixtures infl uence the course of hydration and the properties. Options of reducing the CO2-production in cementitious materials are presented and numerous examples of unhydrous and hydrous phases and their formation conditions are discussed. This editorial work consists of four parts including cement composition and hydration, Special cement and binder mineral phases, Cementitious and binder materials, and Measurement and properties. Every part contains different contributions and covers a broad range within the area. Contents Part I: Cement composition and hydration Diffraction and crystallography applied to anhydrous cements Diffraction and crystallography applied to hydrating cements Synthesis of highly reactive pure cement phases Thermodynamic modelling of cement hydration: Portland cements – blended cements – calcium sulfoaluminate cements Part II: Special cement and binder mineral phases Role of hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides in delayed pozzolanic reactions and their bearing on mortar dating Setting control of CAC by substituted acetic acids and crystal structures of their calcium salts Crystallography and crystal chemistry of AFm phases related to cement chemistry Part III: Cementitious and binder materials Chemistry, design and application of hybrid alkali activated binders Binding materials based on calcium sulphates Magnesia building material (Sorel cement) – from basics to application New CO2-reduced cementitious systems Composition and properties of ternary binders Part IV: Measurement and properties Characterization of microstructural properties of Portland cements by analytical scanning electron microscopy Correlating XRD data with technological properties No cement production without refractories

Producing Sulfate-resistant Concrete and Achieving Equal Performance with Low-CO2 Portland Limestone Cement

Author : Ashlee Hossack
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis Producing Sulfate-resistant Concrete and Achieving Equal Performance with Low-CO2 Portland Limestone Cement by : Ashlee Hossack

Download or read book Producing Sulfate-resistant Concrete and Achieving Equal Performance with Low-CO2 Portland Limestone Cement written by Ashlee Hossack and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Using Blended Cements Or Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Author : Javed I. Bhatty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (774 download)

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Book Synopsis Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Using Blended Cements Or Supplementary Cementitious Materials by : Javed I. Bhatty

Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Using Blended Cements Or Supplementary Cementitious Materials written by Javed I. Bhatty and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report briefly discusses the mechanism of sulfate attack and the role of selected supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in reducing this attack in concrete. The relationship between sulfate resistance and the chemical, physical, and mineralogical composition of SCMs has been elucidated. Based on a number of bench scale studies several models predicting sulfate resistance in fly ash-containing concretes have been cited and discussed. These include the derivations of 1) R factor related to active lime/iron oxide ratio, whereby low R factor values (3.0) favor sulfate resistance, 2) calcium aluminate potential factor (CAP) based on (lime + alumina + iron)/silica ratio and its direct relationship with calculated sulfate equivalent (CSE) to predict sulfate resistance, and 3) oxide durability factor (ODF) as a function of (lime · free lime)/(silica + alumina + iron) ratio, wherein a decrease in ODF corresponds to an increase in sulfate resistance. Although low C3A cement (Type V) is preferred in producing sulfate resistant concrete, replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in large amounts ( 50%) has shown good sulfate resistance even with medium C3A cements. Similarly, the use of 7% silica fume with Type I cement also exhibited improved sulfate resistance compared with plain Type I cement. The report also discusses sulfate resistance of concrete that contained SCMs interground and optimized at the cement plant as compared to mixed at the concrete batch plant. From the very limited data available on the subject, use of interground SCMs with clinker has shown improved sulfate resistance for concrete, primarily attributed to finer and better particle size distribution that enhances the reactivity and reduces the permeability in concrete. The report also cites that the optimization of sulfate should be based on 3-day strength instead of 1-day strength as referred to by ASTM C 563. This may require a higher sulfate addition that can potentially improve sulfate resistance, as the porosity of the system would markedly reduce.

Performance Studies on Portland-limestone Cement in Sulfate Environments

Author : Md Manjur A. Elahi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Studies on Portland-limestone Cement in Sulfate Environments by : Md Manjur A. Elahi

Download or read book Performance Studies on Portland-limestone Cement in Sulfate Environments written by Md Manjur A. Elahi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate attack can occur in concrete due to external sulfate ions reacting with hydrated cement paste. The sulfate attack resistance of portland-limestone cements (PLCs) has been questioned due to their high limestone content, which has the potential to initiate a rare type of sulfate attack that forms thaumasite. This research evaluates the performance of portland-limestone cements in sulfate prone environments by investigating changes in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of specimens. Mortar and paste specimens prepared by replacing Type I/II and Type V cement with 4.4, 10, 14.6 and 20 percent of calcitic and dolomitic limestone powders and fly ash are examined for their sulfate resistance. An accelerated cube test for measuring strength loss due to sulfate attack was developed using 33,800 ppm sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions at 5°C and 23°C. Results from this testing are compared to ASTM C1012 expansion measurements. The physical and chemical transformation in paste specimens are analyzed using visual observation, mass loss measurements, and X-ray diffraction.

Sulfate Resistance of Blended Cements

Author : Kevser Duru Gölalmis
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783838371870
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (718 download)

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Book Synopsis Sulfate Resistance of Blended Cements by : Kevser Duru Gölalmis

Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Blended Cements written by Kevser Duru Gölalmis and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various mechanisms affecting the durability of concrete, external sulfate attack was first identified in the early 1900s, and led to the discovery of sulfate resistant Portland cement (SRPC). Besides SRPC, another way of coping with the problem of sulfate attack is the use of supplementary cementitious materials either as an admixture to concrete or in the form of blended cements. This book presents an investigation on the sulfate resistance of blended cements containing different amounts of natural pozzolan and/or low-lime fly ash compared to ordinary Portland cement and sulfate resistant Portland cement. The effect of permeability as controlled by w/c on the sulfate resistance is also investigated. In addition, this book includes a thorough review of the literature for mechanism, types of sulfate attack (internal, external, physical, chemical), and factors affecting the sulfate attack.

External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests

Author : Esperanza Menéndez
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303020331X
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests by : Esperanza Menéndez

Download or read book External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests written by Esperanza Menéndez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers contributions from the final workshop of the RILEM TC-251-SRT "Sulfate Resistance Testing" on External Sulfate Attack (TESA 2018), held on May 24-25, 2018 at IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. One of the Technical Committee’s main events, it addressed various aspects of external sulfate attack in concrete structures and test methods. The workshop promoted technical discussions and debates on ideas on these topics, with a focus on evaluating the resistance of concrete exposed to ESA. It also provided a forum for participants from around the globe to share their experiences and research on concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack and on test methods. The book discusses the latest advances in research related to ESA and new developments in test methods, and features real-world case studies of concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack in various countries. It also presents new studies linking field cases and lab tests, including 12 contributions on 3 main themes: mechanisms of alteration in external sulfate attack; field aspects of external sulfate attack; and testing to evaluate the resistance of concrete to external sulfate attack.

Durability Properties of Blended Portland Limestone Cement Containing Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles

Author : Seyed Javad Mirvalad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Durability Properties of Blended Portland Limestone Cement Containing Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles by : Seyed Javad Mirvalad

Download or read book Durability Properties of Blended Portland Limestone Cement Containing Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles written by Seyed Javad Mirvalad and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) as a greener alternative to Portland Cement (PC) dates back to 1960s. In Canada, PLC was first introduced in 2008 with the limestone content limit of 15%. While the use of PLC alone in sulfate exposure is prohibited according to CSA A23.1, the limit of 15% is mainly to ensure a suitable level of mechanical and durability performance. Improving the performance of PLC and decreasing its clinker content is very appealing since it can contribute to reducing the carbon and energy footprint of cement industry. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NC) have been shown to be effective in accelerating cement hydration in ultra high performance concretes and concretes with high levels of supplementary cementing materials, but their effect on durability has been rarely studied. In this research, limestone cement was made by blending micro limestone powder with general use cement at 15%, 20%, and 25% content levels. NC was used as an additive at 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% and heat of hydration using isothermal calorimetry technic was evaluated. Based on the results of this test, 2% addition of NC was selected as the most favorable addition level and was used in mortar samples for further durability investigations. Additionally, the same mixtures were made with the addition of 2% nano silica (NS), which is a one of the most widely-used nanoparticles in cement, in order to put the efficacy of NC in perspective. Several mechanical and durability measures such as compressive strength, volume of permeable voids, sorptivity, bulk electrical conductivity, bulk electrical resistivity, and expansion due to ettringite and thaumasite sulfate attack were studied on mortar samples. The results showed that 2% NC addition was significantly effective in improving durability of mortar samples. Also, 2% NC addition was found to be more effective than 2% NS addition in improving all of the measures except for compressive strength. Moreover, considering durability performance, it was concluded that, with the 2% NC addition, limestone content limit of 15% can be safely increased to 20% and even to 25% if sulfate resistance is not required.

Supplementary Cementing Materials

Author : Rafat Siddique
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642178669
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Supplementary Cementing Materials by : Rafat Siddique

Download or read book Supplementary Cementing Materials written by Rafat Siddique and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to consolidate the published research related to the use of Supplementary Cementing Materials in cement and concrete. It comprises of five chapters. Each chapter is devoted to a particular supplementing cementing material. It is based on the literature/research findings published in journals/conference proceeding, etc. Topics covered in the book are; coal fly ash, silica fume (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin (MK), and rice husk ash (RHA). Each chapter contains introduction, properties of the waste material/by-product, its potential usage, and its effect on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete and other cement based materials.

Cement

Author : Friedrich W. Locher
Publisher : Verlag Bau+Technik
ISBN 13 : 376400536X
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Cement by : Friedrich W. Locher

Download or read book Cement written by Friedrich W. Locher and published by Verlag Bau+Technik. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful launch of the German standard work on cement by Prof. Locher in 2000 is now being followed by the publication of the widely requested English language version "Cement" which takes special country-specific features and standards into account. The book is aimed at chemists, physicists, engineers and technologists in the cement industry, in machine construction, the construction industry, materials testing and environmental protection. This clear and practical book will provide them with the understanding of the chemistry of cement needed for their daily work. It will also make an ideal textbook for the study of building materials science at colleges and universities.

Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete

Author : Peter Hewlett
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0081007736
Total Pages : 896 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete by : Peter Hewlett

Download or read book Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete written by Peter Hewlett and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Fifth Edition, examines the suitability and durability of different types of cements and concretes, their manufacturing techniques and the role that aggregates and additives play in achieving concrete's full potential of delivering a high-quality, long-lasting, competitive and sustainable product. Provides a 60% revision over the fourth edition last published in 2004 Includes updated chapters that represent the latest technological advances in the industry, including, but not exclusive to the production of low-energy cements, cement admixtures and concrete aggregates Presents expanded coverage of the suitability and durability of materials aggregates and additives

Cement Production Technology

Author : Anjan Kumar Chatterjee
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351335731
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Cement Production Technology by : Anjan Kumar Chatterjee

Download or read book Cement Production Technology written by Anjan Kumar Chatterjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an outcome of the author’s active professional involvement in research, manufacture and consultancy in the field of cement chemistry and process engineering. This multidisciplinary title on cement production technology covers the entire process spectrum of cement production, starting from extraction and winning of natural raw materials to the finished products including the environmental impacts and research trends. The book has an overtone of practice supported by the back-up principles.

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Author : J. Marchand
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203301625
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Sulfate Attack on Concrete by : J. Marchand

Download or read book Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative mea