Literary Connections Between South Africa and the Lusophone World

Download Literary Connections Between South Africa and the Lusophone World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1666916439
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (669 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Literary Connections Between South Africa and the Lusophone World by : Anita De Melo

Download or read book Literary Connections Between South Africa and the Lusophone World written by Anita De Melo and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-10-12 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literary Connections between South Africa and the Lusophone World connects literatures and cultures of South Africa and the Portuguese-speaking nations of Africa and beyond, and is set within literary and cultural studies. The chapters gathered in this volume reinforce the critical and ongoing conversations in comparative and world literature from perspectives of the South. It outlines some possible theoretical and methodological starting points for a comparative framework that targets, transnationally, literatures from the South. This volume is an additional step to renew the critical potentialities of comparative literary studies (Spivak 2009) as well as of humanistic criticism itself (Said 2004) as South Africa and the Lusophone world (except its former colonizer, Portugal) are outside the spatial and cultural dimension usually defined as European and/or North American. In this sense and due to the evident geographical and socio-historical links between these regions, critical scholarship on their literary connections can contribute to unprecedented perspectives of representational practices within a broader contextual dimension, and in so doing, provides the emergence of what Boaventura de Sousa Santos called “epistemologies of the South” (Santos 2016), as it considers cultural exchanges in the space of so-called “overlapping territories” and “intertwined histories” (Said 1993).

Dissident Authorship in Mozambique

Download Dissident Authorship in Mozambique PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198885903
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dissident Authorship in Mozambique by : Stennett

Download or read book Dissident Authorship in Mozambique written by Stennett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-28 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissident Authorship in Mozambique: the Case of António Quadros is the first monograph on the literary works of the pennames of Portuguese poet and painter António Quadros (1933-1994). The book uses Quadros's quirky case-- a Portuguese man who lived in colonial and post-independence Mozambique, where he published poetry and prose under three pennames--João Pedro Grabato Dias, Frey Ioannes Garabatus, and Mutimati Barnabé Joãoto--to examine the question of what it means to be an author in Mozambique and how authorship changed after the end of Portuguese colonial rule. Quadros's engagement with the question of the authors' place and function in authoritarian contexts stands as a fruitful counterpoint to the influential essays by Roland Barthes ('The Death of the Author', 1968) and Michel Foucault ('What is an Author?', 1969), the publication of which coincided with Quadros's literary début in 1968. Quadros's interesting and useful contributions to the question of Mozambican authorship are analysed in historical context and read alongside postcolonial and decolonial theory. Tom Stennett address the political implications of Barthes's and Foucault's erasure of authorial identity and their respective challenges to authorial authority. He makes the case for an approach to the question of authorship that takes into account the anonymous agents and institutions--such as editors, political parties and the State--that are involved in the conferring of authority onto certain authors and readers. In contrast to much extant scholarship on Mozambican authorship, which has tended to focus on questions related to identity and canonicity, Dissident Authorship addresses these themes as well as those of readership, authority, power, and representation.

Lusophone Africa

Download Lusophone Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 081666983X
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (166 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lusophone Africa by : Fernando Arenas

Download or read book Lusophone Africa written by Fernando Arenas and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situates the cultures of Portuguese-speaking Africa within the postcolonial, global era.

Cultural Entanglements

Download Cultural Entanglements PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813944104
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cultural Entanglements by : Shane Graham

Download or read book Cultural Entanglements written by Shane Graham and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to being a poet, fiction writer, playwright, and essayist, Langston Hughes was also a globe-trotting cosmopolitan, travel writer, translator, avid international networker, and—perhaps above all—pan-Africanist. In Cultural Entanglements, Shane Graham examines Hughes’s associations with a number of black writers from the Caribbean and Africa, exploring the implications of recognizing these multiple facets of the African American literary icon and of taking a truly transnational approach to his life, work, and influence. Graham isolates and maps Hughes’s cluster of black Atlantic relations and interprets their significance. Moving chronologically through Hughes’s career from the 1920s to the 1960s, he spotlights Jamaican poet and novelist Claude McKay, Haitian novelist and poet Jacques Roumain, French Negritude author Aimé Césaire of Martinique, South African writers Es’kia Mphahlele and Peter Abrahams, and Caribbean American novelist Paule Marshall. Taken collectively, these writers’ intellectual relationships with Hughes and with one another reveal a complex conversation—and sometimes a heated debate—happening globally throughout the twentieth century over what Africa signified and what it meant to be black in the modern world. Graham makes a truly original contribution not only to the study of Langston Hughes and African and Caribbean literatures but also to contemporary debates about cosmopolitanism, the black Atlantic, and transnational cultures.

Receptions of the Classics in the African Diaspora of the Hispanophone and Lusophone Worlds

Download Receptions of the Classics in the African Diaspora of the Hispanophone and Lusophone Worlds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498530214
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Receptions of the Classics in the African Diaspora of the Hispanophone and Lusophone Worlds by : Elisa Rizo

Download or read book Receptions of the Classics in the African Diaspora of the Hispanophone and Lusophone Worlds written by Elisa Rizo and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantis Otherwise expands the study of the African diaspora by focusing on postcolonial literary expressions from Latin America and Africa. The book studies the presence of classical references in texts written by writers (black and non-black) who are committed to the articulation of the fragmented history of the African experience from the Middle Passage to the present outside of Euro-centric views. Consequently, this book addresses the silencing of the African Diaspora within the official discourses of Latin America and Hispanic Africa, as well as the limitations that linguistic and geographic boundaries have imposed upon scholarship. The contributors address questions related to the categories of race and cultural identity by analyzing a diverse body of Afro-Latin American and Afro-Hispanic receptions of classical literature and its imaginaries. Literary texts in Spanish and Portuguese written in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, and Equatorial Guinea provide the opportunity for a transnational and trans-linguistic examination of the use of classical tropes and themes in twentieth-century drama, fiction, folklore studies, and narrative.

Genres of Transition: Literature and Economy in Portuguese-Speaking Southern Africa

Download Genres of Transition: Literature and Economy in Portuguese-Speaking Southern Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1835534015
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (355 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Genres of Transition: Literature and Economy in Portuguese-Speaking Southern Africa by : Thomas Waller

Download or read book Genres of Transition: Literature and Economy in Portuguese-Speaking Southern Africa written by Thomas Waller and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-22 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that literary production in Portuguese-speaking southern Africa has developed distinctive aesthetic idioms that critically respond to crises of global capitalism and related failures of post-colonial governance. Drawing from recent research at the intersection of world-systems analysis and materialist theories of world literature, it identifies and evaluates two generic trends in the post-independence literatures of Mozambique and Angola. From the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, there is a marked tendency in Mozambican literary production towards fictional representations of ghosts, spectral effects and gothic narrative techniques. In Angola, there is an analogous outburst of literary expression from the mid-1990s onwards, in which writers increasingly turn towards dystopian images of apocalypse, ecological crisis, and the disintegration of existing modes of social reproduction. Away from a restricted focus on the decline of the post-independence Marxist-Leninist state, the book contends that the upswing in these two genres of writing functions to critically register a world-systemic horizon that both surpasses and includes locally determined, national realities. The patterned repetition of spectral and dystopian forms in Portuguese-speaking southern Africa occurred at a time of heightened capitalisation, in which the region was subjected to newly expropriative forms of accumulation and ecological enclosure via integration into a reconstellated world-system headed by neoliberal finance capital. Through close readings of texts by authors such as Mia Couto, Suleiman Cassamo, Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa, Pepetela, and Ondjaki, this book asks: What factors drove literary production towards the figure of the spectre in Mozambique and towards dystopia in Angola? What emerging energies and social contradictions found shape in these generic idioms in ways that existing vocabularies were unable to express? What does the geo-temporal passage from spectrality to dystopia tell us about the history of capitalist development in southern Africa, and about the restructuring of political-economic parameters across the globe?

The Cambridge History of World Literature

Download The Cambridge History of World Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009064452
Total Pages : 1147 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of World Literature by : Debjani Ganguly

Download or read book The Cambridge History of World Literature written by Debjani Ganguly and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Literature is a vital part of twentieth-first century critical and comparative literary studies. As a field that engages seriously with function of literary studies in our global era, the study of World literature requires new approaches. The Cambridge History of World Literature is founded on the assumption that World Literature is not all literatures of the world nor a canonical set of globally successful literary works. It highlights scholarship on literary works that focus on the logics of circulation drawn from multiple literary cultures and technologies of the textual. While not rejecting the nation as a site of analysis, these volumes will offer insights into new cartographies – the hemispheric, the oceanic, the transregional, the archipelagic, the multilingual local – that better reflect the multi-scalar and spatially dispersed nature of literary production. It will interrogate existing historical, methodological and cartographic boundaries, and showcase humanistic and literary endeavors in the face of world scale environmental and humanitarian catastrophes.

Transnationalism in Southern African Literature

Download Transnationalism in Southern African Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134042523
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transnationalism in Southern African Literature by : Stefan Helgesson

Download or read book Transnationalism in Southern African Literature written by Stefan Helgesson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-08-18 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considering the growing interest in South African Literature at the moment, this study looks at both the Anglophone literature of South Africa and the lusophone literature of Angola and Mozambique. Stefan Helgesson suggests that the prevalence of ‘colonial’ languages such as English and Portuguese in ‘anticolonial’ or ‘postcolonial’ African Literature is primarily an effect of the print network. Helgesson aims to demystify the authority of English and Portuguese by stressing the materiality of the print medium and emphasising the strong transnational and transcontinental vectors of southern African literature after the Second World War.

The Changing Face of African Literature / Les nouveaux visages de la littérature africaine

Download The Changing Face of African Literature / Les nouveaux visages de la littérature africaine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9042028858
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Changing Face of African Literature / Les nouveaux visages de la littérature africaine by :

Download or read book The Changing Face of African Literature / Les nouveaux visages de la littérature africaine written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Changing Face of African Literature combines both the large picture – a synopsis of current trends in African literature – and the small: studies of individual texts and of themes across several texts. The large and the small are linked by recurring themes, such as gender and sexuality, the nation-state and its collapse, AIDS, war, and suffering. The volume is comparative, bringing together literature in at least five languages and from at least ten national literatures. Such a large, comparative frame is implied by most discussion of African literature but is too seldom seen. At the same time, the collection also problematizes the comparison: the goal is to make clear what African literatures have in common but also where they diverge. What difference do distinct literary traditions, readerships, and publishing patterns make to literatures which share a common thematic and so many of the same questions and needs? By juxtaposing contemporary texts form several traditions, the intention of this collection is to bring out the themes that are currently dominant in African literatures generally. After a preface by Liz Gunner and a wide-ranging introduction by the editors, the collection presents keynote essays on new paradigms in African literature, before treating specific themes – recent crime fiction, the Afrikaans and anglophone novel, feminist literature, ‘migritude’ – and studies of recent works by individual authors such as André Brink, Henri Djombo, Pie Tshibanda, Bessora, Nadine Gordimer, and Paulina Chiziane, as well as the South African television series Yizo Yizo.

The Routledge Companion to World Literature

Download The Routledge Companion to World Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000625966
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to World Literature by : Theo D'haen

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to World Literature written by Theo D'haen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully updated new edition of The Routledge Companion to World Literature contains ten brand new chapters on topics such as premodern world literature, migration studies, world history, artificial intelligence, global Englishes, remediation, crime fiction, Lusophone literature, Middle Eastern literature, and oceanic studies. Separated into four key sections, the volume covers: the history of world literature through significant writers and theorists from Goethe to Said, Casanova and Moretti the disciplinary relationship of world literature to areas such as philology, translation, globalization, and diaspora studies theoretical issues in world literature, including gender, politics, and ethics; and a global perspective on the politics of world literature Comprehensive yet accessible, this book is ideal as an introduction to world literature or for those looking to extend their knowledge of this essential field.

Decolonisations of Literature

Download Decolonisations of Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1802070656
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Decolonisations of Literature by : Stefan Helgesson

Download or read book Decolonisations of Literature written by Stefan Helgesson and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library. This book sets out to understand how the meaning of ‘literature’ was transformed in the Global South in the post-1945 era. It looks at institutional contexts in South Africa (mainly Johannesburg), Brazil (São Paulo), Senegal (Dakar) and Kenya (Nairobi), and engages with critical writing in English, Portuguese and French. Critics studied in the book include Antonio Candido, Tim Couzens, Isabel Hofmeyr, Es’kia Mphahlele, Léopold Senghor, Taban Lo Liyong and Ngugi wa Thiong’o. By reading these intellectuals of the Global South as producers of theory and practice in their own right, the book attempts to demonstrate the contingency of what is her called the worlding of the concept of literature. ‘Decolonisation’ itself is seen as a contingent, non-linear process that unfolds in a recursive dialogue with the past. In a bid to offer a more grounded approach to world literature, a key objective of this study is therefore to investigate the accumulation of temporalities in institutional histories of critical practice. To reach this objective, it engages the method of conceptual history as developed by Reinhart Koselleck and David Scott, demonstrating how the concept of ‘literature’ is resemanticised in ways that dialectically both challenge and consolidate literature as a concept and practice in post-colonised societies.

Encyclopedia of African Literature

Download Encyclopedia of African Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134582234
Total Pages : 886 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African Literature by : Simon Gikandi

Download or read book Encyclopedia of African Literature written by Simon Gikandi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive reference work on African literature to date, this book contains over 600 entries that cover criticism and theory, its development as a field of scholarship, and studies of established and lesser-known writers.

Handbook of Anglophone World Literatures

Download Handbook of Anglophone World Literatures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110580942
Total Pages : 631 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Anglophone World Literatures by : Stefan Helgesson

Download or read book Handbook of Anglophone World Literatures written by Stefan Helgesson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Anglophone World Literatures is the first globally comprehensive attempt to chart the rich field of world literatures in English. Part I navigates different usages of the term ‘world literature’ from an historical point of view. Part II discusses a range of theoretical and methodological approaches to world literature. This is also where the handbook’s conceptualisation of ‘Anglophone world literatures’ – in the plural – is developed and interrogated in juxtaposition with proximate fields of inquiry such as postcolonialism, translation studies, memory studies and environmental humanities. Part III charts sociological approaches to Anglophone world literatures, considering their commodification, distribution, translation and canonisation on the international book market. Part IV, finally, is dedicated to the geographies of Anglophone world literatures and provides sample interpretations of literary texts written in English.

A Companion to African Literatures

Download A Companion to African Literatures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119058171
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Companion to African Literatures by : Olakunle George

Download or read book A Companion to African Literatures written by Olakunle George and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rediscover the diversity of modern African literatures with this authoritative resource edited by a leader in the field How have African literatures unfolded in their rich diversity in our modern era of decolonization, nationalisms, and extensive transnational movement of peoples? How have African writers engaged urgent questions regarding race, nation, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality? And how do African literary genres interrelate with traditional oral forms or audio-visual and digital media? A Companion to African Literatures addresses these issues and many more. Consisting of essays by distinguished scholars and emerging leaders in the field, this book offers rigorous, deeply engaging discussions of African literatures on the continent and in diaspora. It covers the four main geographical regions (East and Central Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa), presenting ample material to learn from and think with. A Companion To African Literatures is divided into five parts. The first four cover different regions of the continent, while the fifth part considers conceptual issues and newer directions of inquiry. Chapters focus on literatures in European languages officially used in Africa -- English, French, and Portuguese -- as well as homegrown African languages: Afrikaans, Amharic, Arabic, Swahili, and Yoruba. With its lineup of lucid and authoritative analyses, readers will find in A Companion to African Literatures a distinctive, rewarding academic resource. Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students in literary studies programs with an African focus, A Companion to African Literatures will also earn a place in the libraries of teachers, researchers, and professors who wish to strengthen their background in the study of African literatures.

Travel Guide to Maputo and Southern Mozambique

Download Travel Guide to Maputo and Southern Mozambique PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin Random House South Africa
ISBN 13 : 0143529102
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (435 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Travel Guide to Maputo and Southern Mozambique by : Bridget Hilton-Barber

Download or read book Travel Guide to Maputo and Southern Mozambique written by Bridget Hilton-Barber and published by Penguin Random House South Africa. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Travel Guide to Maputo & Southern Mozambique is a funky and insightful visitor's guide to Mozambique's capital city and the delights of the country's southern coastline, beaches, lakes and lagoons. Don't stop at Maputo - take a slow, sexy journey into delicious southern Mozambique! There are sections on Ponta d'Ouro, Bilene, Xai Xai and the lagoon coast, Inhambane, Vilcanculos and the Bazaruto Archipelago. Find out all you need to know from the best beach bars to the most soulful spots to stay. This guide also features a section on the increasingly popular Bush to Beach Route which goes through the Kruger National Park and into Mozambique's Parc Nacional do Limpopo, which together make up the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park. Funny, useful, witty, Travel Guide to Maputo & Southern Mozambique by Bridget Hilton-Barber, one of the country's most interesting travel writers, promises to be your best Mozambican travel guide yet.

Tracing the (Post)Apartheid Novel beyond 2000

Download Tracing the (Post)Apartheid Novel beyond 2000 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003815391
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tracing the (Post)Apartheid Novel beyond 2000 by : Danyela Dimakatso Demir

Download or read book Tracing the (Post)Apartheid Novel beyond 2000 written by Danyela Dimakatso Demir and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology comprises of interviews with contemporary South African authors, offering vignettes of their lives and summaries of their works. In curating this book, Danyela Demir and Olivier Moreillon step beyond pure literary theory and analysis. They welcome the authors to speak and assess the literary panorama in which they live and co-create. However, Demir and Moreillon also trace concepts and terms that describe the current South African literature, such as post-transitional literature and literature beyond 2000. By adopting a world-literary approach to (post)apartheid literature, this book contributes to debates on contemporary South African writing. In addition, Tracing the (Post)Apartheid Novel Beyond 2000 seeks to raise awareness of the imbalance in both critical and public attention between literary ‘big names’, such as André P. Brink, J.M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer and Zakes Mda, who are popular worldwide, and the younger and newer generation of South African writers, who go largely unnoticed. Print edition not for sale in Sub Saharan Africa.

Modernity, Frontiers and Revolutions

Download Modernity, Frontiers and Revolutions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429680732
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modernity, Frontiers and Revolutions by : Maria do Rosário Monteiro

Download or read book Modernity, Frontiers and Revolutions written by Maria do Rosário Monteiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The texts presented in Proportion Harmonies and Identities (PHI) - MODERNITY, FRONTIERS AND REVOLUTIONS were compiled with the intent to establish a multidisciplinary platform for the presentation, interaction and dissemination of research. It also aims to foster awareness of and discussion on the topics of Harmony and Proportion with a focus on different visions relevant to Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Design, Engineering, Social and Natural Sciences, and their importance and benefits for the sense of both individual and community identity. The idea of modernity has been a significant driver of development since the Western Early Modern Age. Its theoretical and practical foundations have become the working tools of scientists, philosophers, and artists, who seek strategies and policies to accelerate the development process in different contexts.