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Lipid Mediators And Their Metabolism In The Brain
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Book Synopsis Lipid Mediators and Their Metabolism in the Brain by : Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Download or read book Lipid Mediators and Their Metabolism in the Brain written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipid Mediators and Their Metabolism in the Brain presents readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information not only on the synthesis and degradation of glycerophospholipid-, sphingolipid-, and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators, but also their involvement in neurological disorders. It is hoped that this monograph will be useful not only to postgraduate student and their teachers, but also to research scientists and physicians, who are curious about the generation and roles of lipid mediators in the brain.
Book Synopsis Metabolism and Functions of Bioactive Ether Lipids in the Brain by : Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Download or read book Metabolism and Functions of Bioactive Ether Lipids in the Brain written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-13 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information on bioactive ether lipids and their involvement in neurological disorders is currently scattered throughout the literature. This book provides readers with a comprehensive description of metabolism of bioactive ether lipids in the brain, activities of enzymes involved in their metabolism, and their involvement in neurological disorders. It is the first book to describe the involvement of these lipids with abnormal signal transduction processes in neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Hot Topics in Neural Membrane Lipidology by : Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Download or read book Hot Topics in Neural Membrane Lipidology written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-05 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid-derived lipid mediators facilitate the transfer of messages not only from one cell to another but also from one subcellular organelle to another. These molecules are not only components of neural membranes but also storage depots for lipid mediators. Information on the generation and involvement of lipid mediators in neurological disorders is scattered throughout the literature in the form of original papers and reviews. This book will provide readers with a comprehensive description of glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators and their involvement in neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Lipid Mediators in Ischemic Brain Damage and Experimental Epilepsy by : Nicolas G. Bazan
Download or read book Lipid Mediators in Ischemic Brain Damage and Experimental Epilepsy written by Nicolas G. Bazan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lipids in the Brain by : Elisabetta Albi
Download or read book Lipids in the Brain written by Elisabetta Albi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis The Role of Dietary N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lipid Mediators and Inflammation in the Mouse Brain by : Shoug Alashmali
Download or read book The Role of Dietary N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lipid Mediators and Inflammation in the Mouse Brain written by Shoug Alashmali and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4) and n-3 PUFA as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) are precursors to bioactive lipid mediators, which have important roles in many brain functions including inflammation. Previous studies have shown that dietary n-6 PUFA deprivation in pups can change brain ARA and DHA levels. However, the effects of n-6 PUFA deprivation on brain lipid metabolism during maternal stage has yet to be studied. Moreover, n-6 PUFA have been linked to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders through many mechanisms, including conversion to ARA-derived lipid mediators (pro-inflammatory mediators) in the brain. Though diets low in n-6 PUFA are known to reduce levels of ARA and ARA-derived lipid mediators, no one has yet investigated the effects of lowering dietary n-6 PUFA on modulating brain inflammation and resolution in neuroinflammation. The first objective of this thesis was to examine how lowering dietary n-6 PUFA, from gestation, would change levels of hippocampal n-6 and n-3 PUFA and their lipid mediators in comparison to the offspring period. We found that maternal exposure to an n-6 PUFA deprived diet does not exacerbate the reduction in ARA and ARA-derived lipid mediators within hippocampal phospholipids (PL) relative to offspring exposure, which suggests that offspring exposure is a main regulating factor of these PUFA and their derivatives. Therefore, we used the offspring stage as the feeding period for the subsequent neuroinflammation study. Neuroinflammation was induced using intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the hippocampus was examined at several time points. Following LPS, different pro-inflammatory gene expression was associated with enrichment in gene expression categories associated with inflammation. However, these pro-inflammatory markers were not reduced by lowering dietary n-6 PUFA and importantly did not impair the resolution of neuroinflammation. In conclusion, we found that exposure of the offspring to an n-6 PUFA deprived diet was sufficient to lower the concentrations of ARA and other n-6 PUFA in hippocampal total PL. In a neuroinflammation model, the expression in gene ontology categories associated with inflammation was significantly increased and then resolved in response to LPS administration, however, irrespective of an n-6 PUFA diet.
Book Synopsis Hot Topics in Neural Membrane Lipidology by : Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Download or read book Hot Topics in Neural Membrane Lipidology written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid-derived lipid mediators facilitate the transfer of messages not only from one cell to another but also from one subcellular organelle to another. These molecules are not only components of neural membranes but also storage depots for lipid mediators. Information on the generation and involvement of lipid mediators in neurological disorders is scattered throughout the literature in the form of original papers and reviews. This book will provide readers with a comprehensive description of glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators and their involvement in neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Bioactive Lipid Mediators by : Takehiko Yokomizo
Download or read book Bioactive Lipid Mediators written by Takehiko Yokomizo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the most recent progress in the studies of lipid mediators from the molecular to clinical level and introduces newly created tools for analysis including imaging mass spectrometry. Comprising 29 chapters divided into four major parts, the book describes the molecular natures of enzymes, transporters, and receptors for lipid mediators (Part I), the function of lipid mediators in Drosophila and Zebrafish (Part II), the relationships between lipid mediators and various diseases (Part III), and detailed procedures of extraction, preparation, and quantification of lipid mediators (Part IV). Research on lipid mediators initially started with analysis of the action of aspirin, and subsequent biochemical experiments identified many enzymes and receptors responsible for the biosynthesis and signal transduction of individual lipid mediators. Through the phenotypic analyses of transgenic and knockout mice, it has been shown that the dysregulation of some lipid mediators causes inflammatory, immune, or oncogenic disorders. Lipid mediators have attracted increased attention because their structures are conserved among different species, and their biosynthetic and signaling pathways have been deciphered at the molecular level. Many drugs that target lipid mediators are already being used in hospitals, and this book suggests further possibilities for development of a wide variety of such drugs. Very recently, highly sensitive mass spectrometry has begun to be used to identify novel lipid mediators that are present only in trace amounts in tissues but with robust biological activity. Written by international experts, this book provides readers a comprehensive view of lipid mediators and related topics and helps in the process of determining research targets for the near future.
Book Synopsis Beneficial Effects of Fish Oil on Human Brain by : Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Download or read book Beneficial Effects of Fish Oil on Human Brain written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is becoming increasingly evident that the deficiency of n-3 fatty acids in diet is not only associated with cardiovascular diseases, but also involved in stroke, epilepsy and other neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and peroxisomal diseases. In his newest book, Beneficial Effects of Fish Oil on Human Brain, Dr. Akhlaq A. Farooqui expands on the status and therapeutic importance of n-3 fatty acids (major components of fish oil) and their mediators in normal brain and those with neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Farooqui presents the benefits of n-3 fatty acids on Western diet, which is enriched in n-6 fatty acids (major components of vegetable oil) and may promote the above neurological disorders. The book will present readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information on metabolism and roles of neural membrane n-3 fatty acids.
Book Synopsis Lipid Signaling and Metabolism by : James M. Ntambi
Download or read book Lipid Signaling and Metabolism written by James M. Ntambi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-09 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipid Signaling and Metabolism provides foundational knowledge and methods to examine lipid metabolism and bioactive lipid signaling mediators that regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes and disease states. Here, world-renowned investigators offer a basic examination of general lipid, metabolism, intracellular lipid storage and utilization that is followed by an in-depth discussion of lipid signaling and metabolism across disease areas, including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease and mood-related disorders. Throughout, authors demonstrate how expanding our understanding of lipid mediators in metabolism and signaling enables opportunities for novel therapeutics. Emphasis is placed on bioactive lipid metabolism and research that has been impacted by new technologies and their new potential to transform precision medicine. - Provides a clear, up-to-date understanding of lipid signaling and metabolism and the impact of recent technologies critical to advancing new studies - Empowers researchers to examine bioactive lipid signaling and metabolism, supporting translation to clinical care and precision medicine - Discusses the role of lipid signaling and metabolism in obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease and mood-related disorders, among others
Book Synopsis The Resolution of Inflammation by : Adriano Rossi
Download or read book The Resolution of Inflammation written by Adriano Rossi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the resolution of inflammation and on new developments in this area, including pro-resolution mediators, apoptosis, macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, possible novel drug developments.
Book Synopsis Bioactive Lipid Mediators in Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology by :
Download or read book Bioactive Lipid Mediators in Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioactive Lipid Mediators in Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology, Volume 97 updates readers on topics surrounding Bioactive lipid mediators. These mediators are involved in a vast array of signaling pathways that regulate both physiological and pathophysiological responses. Chapters in this new release include Cyclooxygenases and Vascular Function, Cyclooxygenases and Platelet Function, Eicosanoids and Cardiomyopathies, Cytochrome P450 Bioactive Lipids in the Heart, Epoxide Hydrolase and Leukotoxin in the Heart and Lung, Role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular response, Bioactive Lipids in Hypertension, Cytochrome P450 Metabolites and Angiogenesis, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid and Vascular Function, and more. Other critical sections cover Cytochrome P450 Eicosanoids and the Brain, Omega-3 Oxylipids, Resolvins, Lipoxins and Inflammation, Endocannabinoids as Bioactive Metabolites, and Oxylipins and Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. - Provides reviews from world experts in the field of bioactive lipid mediators - Focuses on current topics, with an emphasis on the development of novel therapeutics - Covers a diverse range of bioactive lipids derived from COX, LOX or CYP-mediated metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs
Book Synopsis The Lipid Metabolism of the Brain by : Bernard Albert Fries
Download or read book The Lipid Metabolism of the Brain written by Bernard Albert Fries and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deciphering the Role of Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 6 in Brain Lipid Metabolism and Neuroprotection by : Regina Fernandez Fernandez
Download or read book Deciphering the Role of Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 6 in Brain Lipid Metabolism and Neuroprotection written by Regina Fernandez Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is highly enriched in the central nervous system (CNS) and thought to protect against neurological dysfunction. Due to its neuroprotective nature, DHA is widely considered a medicinal preventative strategy and treatment. However, while dietary DHA supplementation increases DHA levels in peripheral tissues, it often fails to increase brain DHA levels. The indirect relationship between dietary-DHA and brain-DHA enrichment highlights the existence of unique mechanisms that allow DHA to be metabolized in the brain. The mechanisms regulating DHA enrichment in the brain remain unclear. The purpose of this dissertation was to answer fundamental questions about the mechanisms that regulate brain DHA metabolism by testing the hypothesis that a specific fatty acid metabolizing enzyme, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 6 (ACSL6), is required for enrichment of DHA into the brain. As reviewed in my first-author literature review published in PLEFA in September 2020, ACSL6 is one of a large family of 26 acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enzymes that catalyze the initial step in cellular fatty acid metabolism and serve as potential master regulators of brain phospholipid acyl-chain diversity. Of all the ACSs, ACSL6 is almost exclusively expressed in the CNS and has been shown to have substrate preference for DHA. To test our hypothesis, we genetically targeted ACSL6 to create a novel conditional ACSL6-deficient mouse (Acsl6-/-). We discovered that whole-body Acsl6 deletion results in a significant 35-72% reduction in DHA-containing phospholipids in the CNS. Our initial findings for this animal model were published as my first first-author research article in PNAS in October of 2018, and our findings were of such great interest that the article was mentioned on the cover of the issue and was accompanied by a complementary commentary highlighting the importance of our discovery. We then went on to combine in situ fluorescence hybridization, several genetically targeted mouse models, lipidomics, and MALDI lipid imaging to demonstrated that ACSL6 in neurons regulates the enrichment of DHA in the brain. We also have shown that ACSL6 expressed in astrocytes does alter membrane acyl-chain content, but does not impact DHA, which we mechanistically explain is due to cell-type specific expression of ACSL6 variants that contain altered fatty acid binding domains. After many behavioral assessments, we found that ACSL6 knockout mice were hyporesponsive to auditory and foot-shock sensory stimulation, exhibited hyperlocomotion, and showed altered short-term working spatial memory. Acsl6-/- mice displayed exacerbated astrogliosis in an age-dependent manner and accompanied with increased inflammation and gliosis. This neuroinflammation occurred independent of changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators suggesting there is an alternative mechanism triggering the neuroinflammation. RNA-seq data revealed downregulation of synaptic proteins' gene expression in Acsl6-/- mice as early as 2 months of age. Thus, we hypothesized that ACSL6-mediated DHA deficiency results in gradual synaptic function deregulation that contributes to increased neuroinflammation during aging. These age-dependent findings are currently under revisions for publication. Together, these data identified ACSL6 in neurons as an important regulator of DHA metabolism that plays a neuroprotective role during aging and on memory and motor function. This dissertation work has led to the discovery of an important and fundamental mechanism by which the parenchyma of the central nervous system controls fatty acid metabolism, particularly for the neuroprotective omega-3 fatty acid DHA.
Book Synopsis Platelet-Activating Factor and Related Lipid Mediators 2 by : Santosh Nigam
Download or read book Platelet-Activating Factor and Related Lipid Mediators 2 written by Santosh Nigam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, research on platelet-activating factor (PAF) has expanded exponentially. Previous conferences on PAF in Paris, 1983, and the subsequent conferences in Gatlinburg, Ten nessee, Tokyo, Snowbird, Utah, and Berlin, at three-yearly intervals, have chronicled the devel opments in the field ofPAF. This volume records the proceedings of the Fifth International Con gress on PAF and Related Lipid Mediators, held at the Free University Medical Hospital Ben jamin Franklin in Berlin, from September 12-16, 1995. We are very much indebted to Free Uni versity Berlin for providing tremendous facilities and financial support. It was a great pleasure to have positive and generous input from the German Science Council (DFG), Bonn, Germany, and British·Biotech, Oxford, United Kingdom. Their support was crucial in making the congress a scientific success. Twenty other organizations provided additional financial support, for which we extend our deepest appreciation. The editors would like to thank all of those who participated in this congress and the authors for their contributions. The organization and planning of the Berlin Congress were carried out by an organizing committee. We gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance of the organizing commit tee members, especially Renate Nigam and Renate Roux for their untiring efforts to make the congress successful. Many colleagues also supported the congress with dedication, hard work, and expert input. We are grateful to them. We also wish to acknowledge the support of G. Sravan Kumar and Louis Kock for their efforts in producing this volume.
Book Synopsis Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health by : Ronald Ross Watson
Download or read book Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has clearly established a link between omega fatty acids and general health, particularly cardiovascular health. Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health, Second Edition, illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity, cognitive impairment and structure and function of the brain's neurons and also the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function. This book encompasses some of the most recent research on the links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on hippocampal neurogenesis, substantia nigra modulation, migraine headaches, the developing brain in animals, sleep and neurodegenerative diseases. This completely updated second edition focuses on the counterbalancing dietary and tissue omega-6 fatty acids as well as it studies the effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases. - Provides a comprehensive introduction to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in neurological health and directions for future research - Features novel focus on the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function and the counterbalancing of dietary and tissue omega-6 - Illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity and cognitive impairment - Features new chapters on early effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases - Discusses links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements
Book Synopsis Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism by : Graham C. Burdge
Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. - Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism - Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids - Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism
