Life Cycle Assessment Of The Battery Electric Passenger Vehicle Lithium Ion Power Battery

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Life Cycle Assessment of the Battery Electric Passenger Vehicle Lithium-Ion Power Battery

Author : Xin Sun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment of the Battery Electric Passenger Vehicle Lithium-Ion Power Battery by : Xin Sun

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of the Battery Electric Passenger Vehicle Lithium-Ion Power Battery written by Xin Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated and quantified the life cycle environmental impacts of lithium-ion power battery (LIB) for battery electric passenger vehicles (BEVs) to identify key stages that contribute to the overall environmental burden and to find ways to reduce these burdens effectively. The study covers all relevant life cycle stages: from the acquisition of raw materials to the production, use, and end-of-life. China Automotive Life Cycle Database (CALCD) and primary data collected onsite in Chinese power battery industry from 2017 to 2018 were used in the assessment. The evaluation is presented in terms of individual impact category according to the CML model. Six impact categories (i.e., primary energy demand (PED), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP), eutrophication potential (EP), and human toxicity potential (HTP)) were considered. The research was conducted in accordance with the ISO 14040/14044 standards. Use stage is the primary contributor to the life cycle PED and GWP, while raw material acquisition stage is the largest contributor to the life cycle AP, POCP, EP and HTP of LIBs. In the raw material acquisition stage, cathode active material and wrought aluminum are the predominant contributors for PED, GWP AP, POCP and HTP, and electrolyte is the main contributor for EP in the battery cell materials. In the LIBs production stage, coating/drying and vacuum drying are two main contributors of all the six impact categories. In the end-of-life stage, material recycling can largely reduce the environmental impacts of LIBs, especially for AP and POCP. From the sensitivity analysis, in order to reduce the life cycle environmental impacts of LIBs, improving the energy efficiency of LIBs, reducing the electricity consumption of BEVs and optimizing the mass proportion of cathode active material could be effective measures. This study reduces the uncertainties associated with the life cycle assessment of LIBs, serves to identify opportunities to full life cycle environmental impacts reduction of LIBs.

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Author : Michael Z. Hauschild
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401797447
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Cycle Impact Assessment by : Michael Z. Hauschild

Download or read book Life Cycle Impact Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.

Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Vehicle Pack

Author : Linda Ager-Wick Ellingsen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Vehicle Pack by : Linda Ager-Wick Ellingsen

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Vehicle Pack written by Linda Ager-Wick Ellingsen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric vehicles (EVs) have no tailpipe emissions, but the production of their batteries leads to environmental burdens. In order to avoid problem shifting, a life cycle perspective should be applied in the environmental assessment of traction batteries. The aim of this study was to provide a transparent inventory for a lithium-ion nickel-cobalt-manganese traction battery based on primary data and to report its cradle-to-gate impacts. The study was carried out as a process-based attributional life cycle assessment. The environmental impacts were analyzed using midpoint indicators. The global warming potential of the 26.6 kilowatt-hour (kWh), 253-kilogram battery pack was found to be 4.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. Regardless of impact category, the production impacts of the battery were caused mainly by the production chains of battery cell manufacture, positive electrode paste, and negative current collector. The robustness of the study was tested through sensitivity analysis, and results were compared with preceding studies. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the most effective approach to reducing climate change emissions would be to produce the battery cells with electricity from a cleaner energy mix. On a per-kWh basis, cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emissions of the battery were within the range of those reported in preceding studies. Contribution and structural path analysis allowed for identification of the most impact-intensive processes and value chains. This article provides an inventory based mainly on primary data, which can easily be adapted to subsequent EV studies, and offers an improved understanding of environmental burdens pertaining to lithium-ion traction batteries.

Mapping of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles: A study of their fate in the Nordic countries

Author : Dahllöf, Lisbeth
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289362936
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Mapping of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles: A study of their fate in the Nordic countries by : Dahllöf, Lisbeth

Download or read book Mapping of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles: A study of their fate in the Nordic countries written by Dahllöf, Lisbeth and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of electric vehicles (cars, buses, e-bikes, electric scooters and electric motorcycles) sold in the Nordic countries is currently increasing quickly. That means that more electricity is used for driving, and also that more of some important metals are being used than earlier. This report regards the fate of the lithium-ion batteries used in vehicles in the Nordic countries. Currently the “Battery Directive” (EC, 2006) which is a producer’s responsibility directive, is under revision and this study is a knowledge base intended for use by the Nordic Environmental Protection Agencies for their referral response in the revision process. This report focuses on the aspect of metal resources, but it does not elaborate on a broader range of environmental impacts, as these were outside the scope of this study.

Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Author : Gianfranco Pistoia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319699504
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles by : Gianfranco Pistoia

Download or read book Behaviour of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles written by Gianfranco Pistoia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-10 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys state-of-the-art research on and developments in lithium-ion batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles. It summarizes their features in terms of performance, cost, service life, management, charging facilities, and safety. Vehicle electrification is now commonly accepted as a means of reducing fossil-fuels consumption and air pollution. At present, every electric vehicle on the road is powered by a lithium-ion battery. Currently, batteries based on lithium-ion technology are ranked first in terms of performance, reliability and safety. Though other systems, e.g., metal-air, lithium-sulphur, solid state, and aluminium-ion, are now being investigated, the lithium-ion system is likely to dominate for at least the next decade – which is why several manufacturers, e.g., Toyota, Nissan and Tesla, are chiefly focusing on this technology. Providing comprehensive information on lithium-ion batteries, the book includes contributions by the world’s leading experts on Li-ion batteries and vehicles.

Environmental Impacts of Road Vehicles

Author : R M Harrison
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782628924
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of Road Vehicles by : R M Harrison

Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Road Vehicles written by R M Harrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first concerns that come to mind in relation to pollution from road vehicles are direct emissions of carbon dioxide and toxic air pollutants. These are, of course, important but the impacts of road traffic are altogether more substantial. This volume of the Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series takes a broader view of the effects on the environment and human health, excluding only injury due to road traffic accidents. By looking across the environmental media, air, water and soil, and taking account also of noise pollution, the volume addresses far more than the conventional atmospheric issues. More importantly, however, it examines present and future vehicle technologies, the implications of more extensive use of batteries in electric vehicles and the consequences of recycling vehicles at the end of use. Finally, examples of life-cycle analysis as applied to road vehicles are reviewed. This book is a comprehensive source of authoritative information for students studying pollution, and for policy-makers concerned with vehicle emissions and road traffic impacts more generally.

Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

Author : Robert A. Meyers
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780387894690
Total Pages : 12555 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology by : Robert A. Meyers

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology written by Robert A. Meyers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-30 with total page 12555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (ESST) addresses the grand challenge for science and engineering today. It provides unprecedented, peer-reviewed coverage in more than 550 separate entries comprising 38 topical sections. ESST establishes a foundation for the many sustainability and policy evaluations being performed in institutions worldwide. An indispensable resource for scientists and engineers in developing new technologies and for applying existing technologies to sustainability, the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology is presented at the university and professional level needed for scientists, engineers, and their students to support real progress in sustainability science and technology. Although the emphasis is on science and technology rather than policy, the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology is also a comprehensive and authoritative resource for policy makers who want to understand the scope of research and development and how these bottom-up innovations map on to the sustainability challenge.

Future Lithium-ion Batteries

Author : Ali Eftekhari
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788014189
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Future Lithium-ion Batteries by : Ali Eftekhari

Download or read book Future Lithium-ion Batteries written by Ali Eftekhari and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects authoritative perspectives from global experts to project the emerging opportunities in the field of lithium-ion batteries.

Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Management

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Management by :

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no question that electric vehicles (EVs), which are key for addressing climate change impacts from the transportation sector, are quickly gaining popularity and availability. With limits and other challenges related to the supply of critical battery minerals, maximizing the use of EV batteries and ensuring recovery of battery minerals is imperative. Therefore, proper end-of-life-cycle management (reuse and recycling) of these batteries must be part of the EV ecosystem from the perspective of both the supply chain and environmental footprint. Second use of batteries for energy storage systems extends the initial life of these resources and provides a buffer until economical material recovery facilities are in place. Although there are multiple pathways to recycling and recovery of materials, new recovery technologies are moving toward commercially available hydrometallurgy and promising direct recycling, which analysis has shown has the lowest overall carbon footprint. Strategically locating these plants close to battery collection further reduces transportation and thus recycling and recovering costs. Proper life cycle management could alleviate future lithium-ion battery materials supply chains for EVs. Governments and other stakeholders around the world have started initiatives and proposed regulations to address the challenges associated with life cycle management of EV lithium batteries. Finally, as manufacturers are increasingly faced with the likelihood of such extensive regulatory requirements, attention should be given to new designs, sales, and service models that can reduce life cycle management costs.

Electric Vehicle Battery Systems

Author : Sandeep Dhameja
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080488765
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicle Battery Systems by : Sandeep Dhameja

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Battery Systems written by Sandeep Dhameja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-30 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Vehicle Battery Systems provides operational theory and design guidance for engineers and technicians working to design and develop efficient electric vehicle (EV) power sources. As Zero Emission Vehicles become a requirement in more areas of the world, the technology required to design and maintain their complex battery systems is needed not only by the vehicle designers, but by those who will provide recharging and maintenance services, as well as utility infrastructure providers. Includes fuel cell and hybrid vehicle applications.Written with cost and efficiency foremost in mind, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems offers essential details on failure mode analysis of VRLA, NiMH battery systems, the fast-charging of electric vehicle battery systems based on Pb-acid, NiMH, Li-ion technologies, and much more. Key coverage includes issues that can affect electric vehicle performance, such as total battery capacity, battery charging and discharging, and battery temperature constraints. The author also explores electric vehicle performance, battery testing (15 core performance tests provided), lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells and hybrid vehicles. In order to make a practical electric vehicle, a thorough understanding of the operation of a set of batteries in a pack is necessary. Expertly written and researched, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems will prove invaluable to automotive engineers, electronics and integrated circuit design engineers, and anyone whose interests involve electric vehicles and battery systems.* Addresses cost and efficiency as key elements in the design process* Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies* Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies

Cascaded Use and Sustainable Management of Lithium-ion Batteries in Mobility and Stationary Power

Author : Leila Ahmadi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Cascaded Use and Sustainable Management of Lithium-ion Batteries in Mobility and Stationary Power by : Leila Ahmadi

Download or read book Cascaded Use and Sustainable Management of Lithium-ion Batteries in Mobility and Stationary Power written by Leila Ahmadi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to assess -from a life cycle perspective - the environmental benefits of re-purposing electric vehicle Li-ion batteries to re-use in stationary applications. The thesis consists of three separate papers arranged in as chapters. The main objectives are threefold: to develop and analyze a parameterized life cycle model of Li-ion battery first use in EV and extended usage to incorporate the re-purposing and re-use in grid storage for a utility application (Chapter 3), to evaluate effective factors on the feasibility of re-purposing used EV Li-ion batteries and the effect of factors on the cumulative energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the re-purposed batteries life cycle (Chapter 4)., and to assess potential environmental impacts of re-purposing and re-using of EV Li-ion batteries into stationary applications from a life cycle perspective and compare with natural gas stationary power generation (Chapter 5). According to the study, it is found that the magnitude of CO2 mitigation associated with battery re-use is similar to that of switching from using a conventional vehicle to an electric vehicle, meaning that the GHG benefits of vehicle electrification could be doubled by extending the life of EV batteries, and better using off-peak low-cost clean electricity. the effects of capacity fade, energy efficiency fade, failure rate, and charge/discharge profile are investigated for Li-ion batteries based on first use in EVs and second-use in ESS. It is estimated that the re-purposed EV battery loses a further 15% of its capacity after its second use in the energy storage system (ESS) over 10 years. As energy efficiency decreases with increased charge/discharge cycles, a capacity fade model is used to approximate the effect of the relationship between cycles and capacity fade over the life of the battery. The performance of the iiii battery in its second use is represented using a model of degradation modes, assuming a 0.01% cell failure rate and a non-symmetric charge/discharge profile. Finally, an accurate modeling of battery performance is used to examine energy savings and GHG emission reduction benefits from using a Li-ion battery first in an EV and then in an ESS connected to the Ontario electrical grid. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) of the Li-ion battery pack is conducted and six environmental impact categories are assessed including global warming potential, particulate matter formation, freshwater eutrophication, photochemical oxidant formation potential, metal depletion, and fossil depletion. It is concluded that the manufacturing phase of the Li-ion battery has the main environmental impacts during the life cycle of the battery as concluded from. Utilizing the re-purposed Li-ion battery in contrast with natural gas source in the stationary application powering causes more savings from an environmental standpoint. The assessed environmental impacts highlight the importance of electricity mix used in the processes of the product systems. Finally, the effect of the battery degradation is analyzed through energy efficiency fade effect on the battery performance and it is found that the use phase of the battery in the EV during 8 years is more sensitive to this phenomenon than the re-using of the Li-ion batteries in the stationary application during additional 10 years.

Environmental Life-cycle Assessment

Author : Mary Ann Curran
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780070150638
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Life-cycle Assessment by : Mary Ann Curran

Download or read book Environmental Life-cycle Assessment written by Mary Ann Curran and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive resource on the rediscovered area of Life Cycle Assessment as it can be applied to human health and the environment. The reader will receive a brief history of LCA and its re-emergence in 1990.

Lithium Ion Batteries

Author : Masataka Wakihara
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527611983
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Lithium Ion Batteries by : Masataka Wakihara

Download or read book Lithium Ion Batteries written by Masataka Wakihara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rechargeable Batteries with high energy density are in great demand as energy sources for various purposes, e.g. handies, zero emission electric vehicles, or load leveling in electric power. Lithium batteries are the most promising to fulfill such needs because of their intrinsic discharbe voltage with relatively light weight. This volume has been conceived keeping in mind selected fundamental topics together with the characteristics of the lithium ion battery on the market. It is thus a comprehensive overview of the new challenges facing the further development of lithium ion batteries from the standpoint of both materials science and technology. It will be useful for any scientist involved in the research and development of batteries in academia and industry, and also for graduate students entering the field, since it covers important topics from both fundamental and application points of view.

Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author : Walter van Schalkwijk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306475081
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Walter van Schalkwijk

Download or read book Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Walter van Schalkwijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decade since the introduction of the first commercial lithium-ion battery research and development on virtually every aspect of the chemistry and engineering of these systems has proceeded at unprecedented levels. This book is a snapshot of the state-of-the-art and where the work is going in the near future. The book is intended not only for researchers, but also for engineers and users of lithium-ion batteries which are found in virtually every type of portable electronic product.

Progress in Life Cycle Assessment 2019

Author : Stefan Albrecht
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030505197
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Life Cycle Assessment 2019 by : Stefan Albrecht

Download or read book Progress in Life Cycle Assessment 2019 written by Stefan Albrecht and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest developments in life cycle assessment LCA both in terms of methodology and its application in various research areas. It includes methodological questions as well as case studies concerning energy and mobility, materials and engineering, sustainable construction and future technologies. With numerous research articles from leading German and Austrian research institutes, the book is a valuable source for professionals working in the field of sustainability assessment, researchers interested in the current state of LCA research, and advanced university students in various scientific and technical fields. Chapter “Life Cycle Assessment of a Hydrogen and Fuel Cell RoPax Ferry Prototype” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Power Battery

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Power Battery by :

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Power Battery written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges

Author : Tariq Muneer
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128030402
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges by : Tariq Muneer

Download or read book Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges written by Tariq Muneer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Vehicles: Prospects and Challenges looks at recent design methodologies and technological advancements in electric vehicles and the integration of electric vehicles in the smart grid environment, comprehensively covering the fundamentals, theory and design, recent developments and technical issues involved with electric vehicles. Considering the prospects, challenges and policy status of specific regions and vehicle deployment, the global case study references make this book useful for academics and researchers in all engineering and sustainable transport areas. - Presents a systematic and integrated reference on the essentials of theory and design of electric vehicle technologies - Provides a comprehensive look at the research and development involved in the use of electric vehicle technologies - Includes global case studies from leading EV regions, including Nordic and European countries China and India