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Author : Clive Russel Cook
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book LIDAR and Airborne Measurements of Cirrus Clouds written by Clive Russel Cook and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (495 download)
Download or read book Characterizing Cirrus Clouds for Their Impact on Airborne Defensive Laser Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study describes the collection of field measurements of cirrus clouds during an eleven-month period over Hanscom AFB, MA, and how those measurements were used to estimate laser transmittance through the cirrus. Using ground-based radar and lidar measurements as a reference, it is shown that radiosonde observations can better detect the presence and geometric attributes of cirrus layers than can geostationary satellites. In comparing satellite retrievals of ice particle size and ice water content with radar/lidar retrievals, the satellite-retrieved effective particle size and ice water content were less than the radar/lidar retrievals. The radar/lidar geometric thickness retrieval of the cirrus is less due to the vertical extent being limited to the higher base and lower top detected by the radar-lidar tandem. Cirrus properties from the case with the smallest optical depth were used in three laser extinction models. Results from all three indicated that a significant power loss occurs as the laser beam propagates through the cloud layer. It seems that knowing cirrus location is more important than knowing the optical properties in laser operations support.
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722338466
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (384 download)
Download or read book Lidar Cloud Studies for Fire and Eclips written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical remote sensing measurements of cirrus cloud properties were collected by one airborne and four ground-based lidar systems over a 32 h period during this case study from the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program) Regional Experiment (FIRE) Intensive Field Observation (IFO) program. The lidar systems were variously equipped to collect linear depolarization, intrinsically calibrated backscatter, and Doppler velocity information. Data presented describe the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of cirrus clouds over an area encompassing southern and central Wisconsin. The cirrus cloud types include: dissipating subvisual and thin fibrous cirrus cloud bands, an isolated mesoscale uncinus complex (MUC), a large-scale deep cloud that developed into an organized cirrus structure within the lidar array, and a series of intensifying mesoscale cirrus cloud masses. Although the cirrus frequently developed in the vertical from particle fall-streaks emanating from generating regions at or near cloud tops, glaciating supercooled (-30 to -35 C) altocumulus clouds contributed to the production of ice mass at the base of the deep cirrus cloud, apparently even through riming, and other mechanisms involving evaporation, wave motions, and radiative effects are indicated. The generating regions ranged in scale from approximately 1.0 km cirrus uncinus cells, to organized MUC structures up to approximately 120 km across. Sassen, Kenneth and Grund, Christian J. and Spinhirne, James D. and Hardesty, Michael and Alvarez, James Goddard Space Flight Center; Langley Research Center NAG1-868...
Author : Manfred Wendisch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527653236
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research written by Manfred Wendisch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques. The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device. While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.
Author : Christian Rolf
Publisher : Forschungszentrum Jülich
ISBN 13 : 3893368477
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (933 download)
Download or read book Lidar Observations of Natural and Volcanic-ash-induced Cirrus Clouds written by Christian Rolf and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter Victor Hobbs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Airborne Measurements and Observations in Cirrus Clouds written by Peter Victor Hobbs and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen case studies of airborne measurements in cirrus clouds are described. For each case information is given on the location of the flight, the synoptic situation (with accompanying satellite IR and visible photographs), the types, sizes and mass concentrations of ice particles in the clouds, and the distribution of the ice mass concentration among particle sizes at different altitudes. From simultaneous measurements of ice mass concentrations and ice particle number concentrations, mean ice particle masses are derived: They range from about 0.3 to 30 micrograms. Low number concentrations of ice particles are generally associated with low ice mass concentrations and high number concentrations with high mass concentrations. The total ice mass concentrations in cirrus clouds generally increase with increasing temperature. Maximum values of the total ice mass concentration did not exceed the atmospheric water vapor content for water saturated conditions (about 0.1 and 1.0 g/cubic meter at -45 and -20C respectively) except when the cirrus originated from cumulonimbus tops.
Author : Ralph E. Kuehn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book A Technique to Measure Cirrus Cloud Effective Particle Size Using a High Spectral Resolution Lidar written by Ralph E. Kuehn and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Christian John Grund
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Measurement of Cirrus Cloud Optical Properties by High Spectral Resolution Lidar written by Christian John Grund and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ila L. Kolb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781423524779
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)
Download or read book Laser Transmission Through Simulated Cirrus Clouds written by Ila L. Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since approximately 20% of the globe is covered with cirrus clouds at any given time, it is clear that any airborne or spaceborne system using a laser will intercept cirrus clouds at some point. Cirrus clouds contain a very complex microphysical structure that will affect laser power by scattering and reflecting it away from the intended target, thus reducing efficiency and possibly even making it ineffective. Using two thin cirrus laser transmission models, a single homogeneous cloud layer model and a multiple cloud layer model, laser transmission profiles are generated from a simulated cirrus cloud case created by the RAMS model. Sensitivity studies are performed on the laser transmission model to examine the effects of aerosols and water vapor, ice crystal orientation, multiple scattering contributions, and the differences between the single and multiple layer models. Different parts of the RAMS simulated cloud are examined as well as the development of a particular cloud feature. The two different laser transmission models are compared against each other for a variety of different cirrus cloud conditions within the simulated case. Optical depth is a cloud variable that is fairly well measured using remote sensing techniques and airborne lidar. Average optical depth is examined as a viable parameter to indicate the likely transmission through a cloud.
Author : David K. Lynch
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195130723
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Cirrus written by David K. Lynch and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus clouds and serves as a practical handbook as well.
Author : Jiang Zhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (758 download)
Download or read book Investigation on Cirrus Clouds by the Cloud-aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Data written by Jiang Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and describing the role of clouds in the climate system need intensive and extensive research on cloud properties. The albedo and greenhouse effects of clouds and their relations with the physical properties of clouds are analyzed. Cloud-top height and ice water content are key factors in impacting the longwave and shortwave radiation, respectively. Lidar and infrared radiometer measurement technologies are introduced. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) level I Lidar profile, level 2 cloud layer, and level 2 Lidar/IIR track products are briefly reviewed. The algorithms for identification of cirrus clouds, Linear Depolarization Ratio (LDR), and effective diameter are presented. An average LDR profile is calculated by using the sum of total attenuated backscattering profiles and the sum of perpendicular attenuated backscattering profiles. A weight-average method is applied to calculate the average LDR. A split-window method is applied to estimate the effective diameters of clouds. A set of bulk ice crystal models and a radiative transfer model are applied to produce a look-up table that includes the radiative transfer simulation results. The macro-physical properties of cirrus clouds are analyzed. The frequency of occurrence of cirrus clouds varies with latitude, and strongly relates to the atmospheric circulation. Cirrus clouds are few in high-pressure zones and abundant where seasonal monsoonal circulation occurs. Cloud-top height decreases with increasing latitude. Cloud-top temperature is lower in the tropical regions than in the midlatutude and the polar regions. The measured cloud thickness shows a great diurnal variation. CALIPSO lidar detects more cirrus clouds than satellite-based passive measurement. LDR values of cirrus clouds vary with latitude and location, and are higher during nighttime than during daytime. The 0.32 and 0.37 annual average LDRs derived by nadir and off-nadir measurements, respectively, indicate that substantial amounts of horizontal orientated ice crystals exist in cirrus clouds. The global distribution of effective diameter of cirrus clouds varies with latitude and season, and the effective diameter has relationship with the LDR.
Author : Robert E. Holz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Measurements of Cirrus Backscatter Phase Functions Using a High Spectral Resolution Lidar written by Robert E. Holz and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George H. Fichtl
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Measurements written by George H. Fichtl and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Clive Russell Cooke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book LIDAR and Airbourne Measurements of Cirrus Clouds written by Clive Russell Cooke and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas Foken
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030521710
Total Pages : 1761 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements written by Thomas Foken and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 1761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians.
Author : Paul A. Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (854 download)
Download or read book Lidar Measurements of Cirrus Cloud written by Paul A. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 836 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
