Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Scenarios

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889195457
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Scenarios by : Antonio Cerasa

Download or read book Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Scenarios written by Antonio Cerasa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-13 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topic aims to pool the most recent advances in the phenomenology and pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The papers in this eBook have strongly contributed to reduce the gaps in our knowledge of LIDs pathogenesis.

Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1447165039
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease by : Susan H. Fox

Download or read book Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease written by Susan H. Fox and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide a single reference source on levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) from ‘bench to bedside’. Initial chapters review the clinical features and phenomenology of LID with video examples; epidemiology and genetic risk factors for LID are covered as a background to understanding risk factors for developing LID. The following chapters cover the latest preclinical studies aiming to understand the pathophysiology of LID at the cellular, neurochemical, neurophysiological and circuitry level with detailed discussion of mechanisms and future directions to take the field forward; clinical studies from phase II to phase IV; on going RCTs in LID and evidence-based medicine reviews of treatment options. Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease is aimed at an international audience of movement disorder neurologists; neuroscientists; trainees and graduate and post-graduate students.

An Essay on the Shaking Palsy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis An Essay on the Shaking Palsy by : James Parkinson

Download or read book An Essay on the Shaking Palsy written by James Parkinson and published by . This book was released on 1817 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176855570
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain by : Maria Nord

Download or read book Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain written by Maria Nord and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and it is caused by a loss of dopamine (DA) producing neurons in the basal ganglia in the brain. The PD patient suffers from motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity and treatment with levodopa (LD), the precursor of DA, has positive effects on these symptoms. Several factors affect the availability of orally given LD. Gastric emptying (GE) is one factor and it has been shown to be delayed in PD patients resulting in impaired levodopa uptake. Different enzymes metabolize LD on its way from the gut to the brain resulting in less LD available in the brain and more side effects from the metabolites. By adding dopa decarboxylase inhibitors (carbidopa or benserazide) or COMT-inhibitors (e.g. entacapone) the bioavailability of LD increases significantly and more LD can pass the blood-brain-barrier and be converted to DA in the brain. It has been considered of importance to avoid high levodopa peaks in the brain because this seems to induce changes in postsynaptic dopaminergic neurons causing disabling motor complications in PD patients. More continuously given LD, e.g. duodenal or intravenous (IV) infusions, has been shown to improve these motor complications. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) has also been proven to improve motor complications and to make it possible to reduce the LD dosage in PD patients. In this doctoral thesis the main purpose is to study the pharmacokinetics of LD in patients with PD and motor complications; in blood and subcutaneous tissue and study the effect of GE and PD stage on LD uptake and the effect of continuously given LD (CDS) on LD uptake and GE; in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when adding the peripheral enzyme inhibitors entacapone and carbidopa to LD infusion IV; in brain during STN DBSand during oral or IV LD treatment. To conclude, LD uptake is more favorable in PD patients with less severe disease and GE is delayed in PD patients. No obvious relation between LD uptake and GE or between GE and PD stage is seen and CDS decreases the LD levels. Entacapone increases the maximal concentration of LD in blood and CSF. This is more evident with additional carbidopa and important to consider in avoiding high LD peaks in brain during PD treatment. LD in brain increases during both oral and IV LD treatment and the DA levels follows LD well indicating that PD patients still have capacity to metabolize LD to DA despite probable pronounced nigral degeneration. STN DBS seems to increase putaminal DA levels and together with IV LD treatment also increases LD in brain possibly explaining why it is possible to decrease LD medication after STN DBS surgery. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en av de vanligaste s.k. neurodegenerativasjukdomarna och orsakas av förlust av dopamin(DA)producerande nervceller i hjärnan. Detta orsakar motoriska symptom såsom skakningar, stelhet och förlångsammade rörelser. Levodopa (LD) är ett ämne, som kan omvandlas till DA i hjärnan och ge symptomlindring och det är oftast förstahandsval vid behandling av patienter med PS. Flera faktorer påverkar tillgängligheten av LD, bl.a. den hastighet som magsäcken tömmer sig med och denna verkar förlångsammad hos personer med PS vilket ger sämre tillgänglighet av LD i blodet och därmed i hjärnan. LD bryts även ner i hög grad av olika enzym ute i kroppen vilket leder till mindre mängd LD som hamnar i hjärnan och till fler nedbrytningsprodukter som orsakar biverkningar. Tillägg av enzymhämmare leder till ökad mängd LD som kan nå hjärnan och omvandlas till DA. Det anses viktigt att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan då dessa verkar bidra till utvecklandet av besvärliga motoriska komplikationer hos patienter med PS. Om LD ges mer kontinuerligt, exempelvis som en kontinuerlig infusion in i tarmen eller i blodet, så minskar dessa motoriska komplikationer. Inopererande av stimulatorer i vissa delar av hjärnan (DBS) har också visat sig minska dessa motoriska komplikationer och även resultera i att man kan minska LD-dosen. Huvudsyftet med den här avhandlingen är att studera LD hos patienter med PS; i blod och fettvävnad då LD ges i tablettform och se om det finns något samband med LD-upptag och hastigheten på magsäckstömningen (MT) och om kontinuerligt given LD påverkar LD-upptaget eller MT; i blod och i ryggmärgsvätska då enzymhämmarna entakapon och karbidopa tillsätts LD; i hjärna vid behandling med DBS och då LD ges både som tablett och som infusion i blodet. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi se att LD-upptaget är mer gynnsamt hos patienter med PS i tidigare skede av sjukdomens komplikationsfas. MT är förlångsammad hos patienter med PS och det är inget tydligt samband mellan LD-upptag och MT eller mellan MT och sjukdomsgrad. Kontinuerligt given LD minskar LDnivåerna. Enzymhämmaren entakapon ökar den maximala koncentrationen av LD i blod och ryggmärgsvätska och effekten är mer tydlig vid tillägg av karbidopa vilket är viktigt att ta i beaktande vid behandling av PS för att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan. LD ökar i hjärnan då man behandlar med LD i tablettform och som infusion i blodet och DA-nivåerna i hjärnan följer LD väl vilket visar på att patienter med PS fortfarande kan omvandla LD till DA trots trolig uttalad brist av de DA-producerande nervcellerna i hjärnan. DBS verkar öka DA i vissa områden i hjärnan och tillsammans med LD-infusion i blodet verkar det även öka LD i hjärnan och det kan förklara varför man kan sänka LDdosen efter DBS-operation.

Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199783101
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease by : Cristina Sampaio

Download or read book Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease written by Cristina Sampaio and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, the need to develop valid tools to evaluate signs and symptoms of Parkinson Disease (PD) has been present. However the understanding of all intricacies of rating scales development was not widely available and the first attempts were relatively crude. In 2002, the Movement Disorders Society created a task force to systemize the measurement of Parkinson's Disease. Since then, the Task Force has produced and published several critiques to the available rating scales addressing both motor and non-motor domains of Parkinson Disease. Additionally the task force initiated a project to develop a new version of the UPDRS, the MDS-UPDRS. But none of this was made available in one convenient source. Until now. Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease is written for researchers from the medical and social sciences, and for health professionals wishing to evaluate the progress of their patients suffering from Parkinson Disease. The book is both exhaustive in the description of the scales and informative on the advantages and limitations of each scale. As such, the text clearly guides readers on how to choose and use the instruments available. Extensive cross-referenced tables and charts closely integrate the parts of the book to facilitate readers in moving from one symptom domain to another.

Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824788230
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (882 download)

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Book Synopsis Etiology of Parkinson's Disease by : Jonas H. Ellenberg

Download or read book Etiology of Parkinson's Disease written by Jonas H. Ellenberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference provides a detailed overview of current concepts regarding the cause of Parkinson's disease-emphasizing the issues involved in the design, implementation, and analysis of epidemiological studies of parkinsonism.

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203313909
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Dementia with Lewy Bodies by : John O'Brien

Download or read book Dementia with Lewy Bodies written by John O'Brien and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a noticeable gap in the market for a new text solely focused on Dementia with Lewy Bodies, this book discusses cutting-edge topics covering the condition from diagnosis to management, as well as what is known about the neurobiological changes involved. With huge progress having been made over the last decade in terms of the disorder

Parkinson's Disease

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Publisher : Royal College of Physicians
ISBN 13 : 1860162835
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Parkinson's Disease by : National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain)

Download or read book Parkinson's Disease written by National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain) and published by Royal College of Physicians. This book was released on 2006 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Differential Diagnosis in Neurology

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Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 161499966X
Total Pages : 1500 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Differential Diagnosis in Neurology by : R.J. Schwartzman

Download or read book Differential Diagnosis in Neurology written by R.J. Schwartzman and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of an exercise in differential diagnosis is to establish crosslinks between medical facts stored in different sections of our memory. This book, Differential Diagnosis in Neurology, is the unified perspective of an eminent physician with decades of clinical experience and teaching; one of the most skilled clinical neurologists of modern times and a seasoned researcher who was the primary investigator for many clinical trials, and who published numerous clinical and basic research papers. The “real world” aspects of the book are based on morning reports with neurology residents and students conducted over 40 years. The differential diagnosis generated by subspecialty division chiefs supplemented those proposed in morning reports. The book is conceived as a guide that will give the clinician a concise snapshot or skeleton with a general background of the disease at hand. Other disease aspects included in this book are molecular genetics, physiology, and biochemistry that will elucidate mechanisms and assist in discovering new entities. Each chapter includes an extensive list of suggestions for further reading. It is the art of crosslinking between medical facts that distinguishes Dr. Schwartzman from other teachers of Neurology and that makes this book uniquely valuable. “The essence of a differential diagnosis is ‘splitting’ rather than ‘lumping’: it requires bringing knowledge to the table and then adding experience.” - R.J. Schwartzman

Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1437737706
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders E-Book by : Joseph Jankovic

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders E-Book written by Joseph Jankovic and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders provides the complete, expert guidance you need to diagnose and manage these challenging conditions. Drs. Stanley Fahn, Joseph Jankovic and Mark Hallett explore all facets of these disorders, including the latest rating scales for clinical research, neurochemistry, clinical pharmacology, genetics, clinical trials, and experimental therapeutics. This edition features many new full-color images, additional coverage of pediatric disorders, updated Parkinson information, and many other valuable updates. An accompanying Expert Consult website makes the content fully searchable and contains several hundred video clips that illustrate the manifestations of all the movement disorders in the book along with their differential diagnoses. Get just the information you need for a clinical approach to diagnosis and management, with minimal emphasis on basic science. Find the answers you need quickly and easily thanks to a reader-friendly full-color format, with plentiful diagrams, photographs, and tables. Apply the latest advances to diagnosis and treatment of pediatric movement disorders, Parkinson disease, and much more. View the characteristic presentation of each disorder with a complete collection of professional-quality, narrated videos online. Better visualize every concept with new full-color illustrations throughout. Search the complete text online, follow links to PubMed abstracts, and download all of the illustrations, at www.expertconsult.com.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420019759
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease by : Gordon H. Baltuch

Download or read book Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease written by Gordon H. Baltuch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-03-19 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered the largest breakthrough in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in the past 40 years, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a pioneering procedure of neurology and functional neurosurgery, forging enormous change and growth within the field. The first comprehensive text devoted to this surgical therapy, Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's

Occupational Therapy for People with Parkinson's Disease

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781905944163
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (441 download)

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Book Synopsis Occupational Therapy for People with Parkinson's Disease by : Ana Aragon

Download or read book Occupational Therapy for People with Parkinson's Disease written by Ana Aragon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These practice guidelines draw upon the widest relevant knowledge and evidence available to describe and inform contemporary best practice occupational therapy for people with Parkinson's disease. They include practical examples of interventions to allow occupational therapists to apply new treatments to their practice.

Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128138750
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease by : Martina Mancini

Download or read book Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease written by Martina Mancini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Management presents the most updated information on a variety of topics. Sections help clinicians evaluate the types of balance control issues, dynamic balance dysfunction during turning, and the effects of medication, deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation intervention on balance control. This book is the first to review the four main postural control systems and how they are affected, including balance during quiet stance, reactive postural adjustments to external perturbations, anticipatory postural adjustments in preparation for voluntary movements, and dynamic balance control during walking and turning. In addition, the book's authors summarize the effects of levodopa, deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation intervention for each balance domain. This book is recommended for anyone interested in how and why balance control is affected by PD. Provides the first comprehensive review of research to date on balance dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease Discusses how to translate current neuroscience research into practice regarding neural control of balance Provides evidence on the effects of current interventions on balance control

Parkinson's Disease: Current and Future Therapeutics and Clinical Trials

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107053862
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Parkinson's Disease: Current and Future Therapeutics and Clinical Trials by : Néstor Gálvez-Jiménez

Download or read book Parkinson's Disease: Current and Future Therapeutics and Clinical Trials written by Néstor Gálvez-Jiménez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book emphasizes treatment options for Parkinson's disease, providing the necessary clinical and scientific basis for the foundations of solid therapeutics.

Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199684243
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease by : K. Ray Chaudhuri

Download or read book Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease written by K. Ray Chaudhuri and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to suffer from motor symptoms of the disease, but they also experience non-motor symptoms (NMS) that are often present before diagnosis or that inevitably emerge with disease progression. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been extensively researched, and effective clinical tools for their assessment and treatment have been developed and are readily available. In contrast, researchers have only recently begun to focus on the NMS of Parkinson's Disease, which are poorly recognized and inadequately treated by clinicians. The NMS of PD have a significant impact on patient quality of life and mortality and include neuropsychiatric, sleep-related, autonomic, gastrointestinal, and sensory symptoms. While some NMS can be improved with currently available treatments, others may be more refractory and will require research into novel (non-dopaminergic) drug therapies for the future. Edited by members of the UK Parkinson's Disease Non-Motor Group (PD-NMG) and with contributions from international experts, this new edition summarizes the current understanding of NMS symptoms in Parkinson's disease and points the way towards future research.

Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316337650
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Gabor G. Kovacs

Download or read book Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Gabor G. Kovacs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide to the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases discusses modern molecular techniques, morphological classification, fundamentals of clinical symptomology, diagnostic pitfalls and immunostaining protocols. It is based on the proteinopathy concept of neurodegenerative disease, which has influenced classification and provides new strategies for therapy. Numerous high-quality images, including histopathology photomicrographs and neuroradiology scans, accompany the description of morphologic alterations and interpretation of immunoreactivities. Diagnostic methods and criteria are placed within recent developments in neuropathology, including the now widespread application of immunohistochemistry. To aid daily practice, the guide includes diagnostic algorithms and offers personal insights from experienced experts in the field. Special focus is given to the way brain tissue should be handled during diagnosis. This is a must-have reference for medical specialists and specialist medical trainees in the fields of pathology, neuropathology and neurology working with neuropathologic features of neurodegenerative diseases.

The Case of the Frozen Addicts

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Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614993327
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis The Case of the Frozen Addicts by : J.W. Langston

Download or read book The Case of the Frozen Addicts written by J.W. Langston and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1982, hospital emergency rooms in the San Francisco Bay Area were suddenly confronted with mysteriously “frozen” patients – young men and women who, though conscious, could neither move nor speak. Doctors were baffled, until neurologist J. William Langston, recognizing the symptoms of advanced Parkinson’s disease, administered L-dopa – the only known effective treatment – and “unfroze” his patient. Dr. Langston determined that this patient and five others had all used the same tainted batch of synthetic heroin, inadvertently laced with a toxin that had destroyed an area of their brains essential to normal movement. This same area, the substantia nigra, slowly deteriorates in Parkinson’s disease. As scientists raced to capitalize on this breakthrough, Dr. Langston struggled to salvage the lives of his frozen patients, for whom L-dopa provided only short-term relief. The solution he found lay in the most daring area of research: fetal-tissue transplants. The astonishing recovery of two of his patients garnered worldwide press coverage, helped overturn federal restrictions on fetal-tissue research, and offered hope to millions suffering from Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and other degenerative brain disorders. This is the story behind the headline – a spellbinding account that brings to life the intellectual excitement, ethical dilemmas, and fierce competitiveness of medical research. This new updated edition of the classic neurological mystery tale, “The Case of the Frozen Addicts,” illuminates how the solution to a baffling mystery of the brain’s chemistry opened a new frontier in medicine and restored life to people without hope. “It begins with a series of quixotic discoveries, escalates to providing possible solutions for one of humanity’s most intractable medical problems, and then catapults the reader into the center of America’s hottest political arena – abortion and fetal sanctity. Bravo! A brilliant read.” – Laurie Garrett, author of The Coming Plague “[Langston and Palfreman] weave a highly readable and spellbinding medical detective tale... It is as absorbing as a good mystery, as entertaining as an exciting novel, and as enlightening as a good biography.” – Stanley Fahn, New England Journal of Medicine “I could not put it down... it is the lives of the ‘frozen addicts’ themselves – and the fullness with which this is presented – which makes the whole thing overwhelming.” – Oliver Sacks