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Leon Rosenfeld Physics Philosophy And Politics In The Twentieth Century
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Book Synopsis Leon Rosenfeld: Physics, Philosophy, And Politics In The Twentieth Century by : Anja Skaar Jacobsen
Download or read book Leon Rosenfeld: Physics, Philosophy, And Politics In The Twentieth Century written by Anja Skaar Jacobsen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-01-16 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Léon Rosenfeld (1904-1974) was a remarkable, many-sided physicist of exceptional erudition. He was at the center of modern physics and was well-known as Niels Bohr's close collaborator and spokesman. Besides he reflected deeply on the history and philosophy of science and its social role from a leftist perspective. As both actor and acute spectator of modern physics and as a polyglot cosmopolitan whose life crossed those of many important people in both the East and West, as well as by virtue of his close collaboration and friendship with Bohr, Rosenfeld was an important figure in twentieth century physics. His biography illuminates the development, popularization, and reception of quantum physics and its interpretation in addition to the development of the political Left. The book draws extensively from previously untapped, unpublished sources in more than five languages.
Book Synopsis Selected Papers of Léon Rosenfeld by : Robert S. Cohen
Download or read book Selected Papers of Léon Rosenfeld written by Robert S. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decision to undertake this volume was made in 1971 at Lake Como during the Varenna summer school ofthe Italian Physical Society, where Professor Leon Rosenfeld was lecturing on the history of quantum theory. We had long been struck by the unique blend of epistemological, histori cal and social concerns in his work on the foundations and development of physics, and decided to approach him there with the idea of publishing a collection of his papers. He responded enthusiastically, and agreed to help us select the papers; furthermore, he also agreed to write a lengthy introduction and to comment separately on those papers that he felt needed critical re-evaluation in the light of his current views. For he was still vigorously engaged in both theoretical investigations of, and critical not reflections on the foundations of theoretical physics. We certainly did conceive of the volume as a memorial to a 'living saint', but rather more practically, as a useful tool to place in the hands of fellow workers and students engaged in wrestling with these difficult problems. All too sadly, fate has added a memorial aspect to our labors. We agreed that in order to make this book most useful for the con temporary community of physicists and philosophers, we should trans late all non-English items into English.
Book Synopsis Selected papers of Léon Rosenfeld by : Léon Rosenfeld
Download or read book Selected papers of Léon Rosenfeld written by Léon Rosenfeld and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Niels Bohr and the Philosophy of Physics by : Jan Faye
Download or read book Niels Bohr and the Philosophy of Physics written by Jan Faye and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Niels Bohr and Philosophy of Physics: Twenty-First Century Perspectives examines the philosophical views, influences and legacy of the Nobel Prize physicist and philosophical spokesman of the quantum revolution, Niels Bohr. The sixteen contributions in this collection by some of the best contemporary philosophers and physicists writing on Bohr's philosophy today all carefully distinguish his subtle and unique interpretation of quantum mechanics from views often imputed to him under the banner of the “Copenhagen Interpretation.” With respect to philosophical influences on Bohr's outlook, the contributors analyse prominent similarities between his viewpoint and Kantian ways of thinking, the views of the Danish philosopher Harald Høffding, and themes characteristic of American pragmatism. In recognizing the importance of Bohr's epistemological naturalism they examine his defence of the indispensability of classical concepts from a variety of different perspectives. This collection shows us that Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics, now nearly a century old, still has the power to shed light on a variety of issues that have arisen only since his lifetime, as well as decoherence theory and other non-collapse interpretations. Balancing historical themes with contemporary discussions, Niels Bohr and the Philosophy of Physics establishes Bohr's on-going contribution to the philosophy of physics and examines his place in the history of philosophy.
Book Synopsis From Certainty to Uncertainty by : F. David Peat
Download or read book From Certainty to Uncertainty written by F. David Peat and published by Joseph Henry Press. This book was released on 2002-04-24 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early theorists believed that in science lay the promise of certainty. Built on a foundation of fact and constructed with objective and trustworthy tools, science produced knowledge. But science has also shown us that this knowledge will always be fundamentally incomplete and that a true understanding of the world is ultimately beyond our grasp. In this thoughtful and compelling book, physicist F. David Peat examines the basic philosophic difference between the certainty that characterized the thinking of humankind through the nineteenth century and contrasts it with the startling fall of certainty in the twentieth. The nineteenth century was marked by a boundless optimism and confidence in the power of progress and technology. Science and philosophy were on firm ground. Newtonian physics showed that the universe was a gigantic clockwork mechanism that functioned according to rigid lawsâ€"that its course could be predicted with total confidence far into the future. Indeed, in 1900, the President of the Royal Society in Britain went so far as to proclaim that everything of importance had already been discovered by science. But it was not long before the seeds of a scientific revolution began to take root. Quantum Theory and the General Theory of Relativity exploded the clockwork universe, proving beyond a shadow of a doubt that our knowledge was, at best, incompleteâ€"and would probably remain that way forever. There were places in the universe, such as black holes, from which no information at all could ever be obtained. Chaos Theory also demonstrated our inherent limits to knowing, predicting, and controlling the world around us and showed the way that chaos can often be found at the heart of natural and social systems. Although we may not always recognize it, this new world view has had a profound effect not only on science, but on art, literature, philosophy, and societal relations. The twenty-first century now begins with a humble acceptance of uncertainty. From Certainty to Uncertainty traces the rise and fall of the deterministic universe and shows the evolving influences that such disparate disciplines now have on one another. Drawing on the lessons we can learn from history, Peat also speculates on how we will manage our lives into the future.
Download or read book Historia Scientiarum written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Complementarity Beyond Physics (1928-1962) by : Niels Bohr
Download or read book Complementarity Beyond Physics (1928-1962) written by Niels Bohr and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1972 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is divided into five parts. The title of the volume refers primarily to part I, which is by far the largest and comprises papers discussing the fundamental questions of biology and related psychological and philosophical problems. Following the reproduction of papers brought to publication by Bohr, there is a separate Appendix to Part I including some of Bohr's most interesting and substantive unpublished contributions in this area. The papers in Part I span the last thirty years of Bohr's life and display his great interest in biological problems and his unremitting efforts to show that biology cannot be reduced to physics and chemistry. Part II contains articles of a more general cultural interest. Some of these show that Bohr regarded the complementary perspective to be of value also outside the scientific sphere. Part III contains the articles Bohr wrote about the great Danish philosopher Harald Høffding. These short papers are presented in a section on their own because of the continuing discussion in the history of science about Høffding's possible influence on Bohr's work in physics and his whole scientific approach. Part IV comprises articles illuminating the history of 20th century physics. Bohr had great veneration for his predecessors and teachers, and he prepared these articles with great care. Part V contains correspondence relating to the material in Parts I through IV. As in previous volumes an inventory of relevant unpublished manuscripts held at the Niels Bohr Archive constitutes an appendix to the whole volume.
Book Synopsis The Special Theory of Relativity by : David Bohm
Download or read book The Special Theory of Relativity written by David Bohm and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on his famous final year undergraduate lectures on theoretical physics at Birkbeck College, Bohm presents the theory of relativity as a unified whole, making clear the reasons which led to its adoption and explaining its basic meaning. With clarity and grace, he also reveals the limited truth of some of the "common sense" assumptions which make it difficult for us to appreciate its full implications. With a new foreword by Basil Hiley, a close colleague of David Bohm's, The Special Theory of Relativity is an indispensable addition to the work of one of greatest physicists and thinkers of the twentieth century.
Book Synopsis Physical Reality by : Stephen Toulmin
Download or read book Physical Reality written by Stephen Toulmin and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Philosophical Interpretation of Twentieth Century Physics by : Philipp Frank
Download or read book The Philosophical Interpretation of Twentieth Century Physics written by Philipp Frank and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Here Erred Einstein by : Hans H. Sallhofer
Download or read book Here Erred Einstein written by Hans H. Sallhofer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of modern physics in the first three decades of the 20th century was accompanied by a loss of determinism. That loss is embodied in the Copenhagen interpretation and the theory of relativity. The development of physics-based technologies, both constructive and destructive, occurred shortly thereafter at so dizzying a rate that scientists rarely took a critical look at the logical foundations of the Copenhagen interpretation and the theory of relativity, or at the consequences of the loss of determinism. This book contains a dialogue between a physicist and a philosopher on that issue. The dialogue is strongly contextualized with respect to the main players in physics during the first sixty years of the 20th century, and to the prevailing political conditions in Western Europe and the USA. It was galvanized by the debate and the subsequent abandonment of the Superconducting Super Collider, and also affords a lively understanding of Greek epistemology. Questioned by the philosopher,the physicist provides an account of the directions taken by physicists and the roads not traveled, as well as his own understanding of the nature of matter.
Book Synopsis Reality and Its Order by : Werner Heisenberg
Download or read book Reality and Its Order written by Werner Heisenberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available here for the first time in English, "Reality and Its Order" is a remarkable philosophical text by Werner Heisenberg, the father of quantum mechanics and one of the leading scientists of the 20th century. Written during the wartime years and initially distributed only to his family and trusted friends, the essay describes Heisenberg’s philosophical view of how we understand the natural world and our role within it. In this volume, the essay is introduced by the physicist Helmut Rechenberg and annotated by the science historian Ernst Peter Fischer. The content, particularly within its historical context, will be of great interest to many physicists, philosophers and historians of science.
Book Synopsis John von Neumann and the Foundations of Quantum Physics by : Miklós Rédei
Download or read book John von Neumann and the Foundations of Quantum Physics written by Miklós Rédei and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John von Neumann (1903-1957) was undoubtedly one of the scientific geniuses of the 20th century. The main fields to which he contributed include various disciplines of pure and applied mathematics, mathematical and theoretical physics, logic, theoretical computer science, and computer architecture. Von Neumann was also actively involved in politics and science management and he had a major impact on US government decisions during, and especially after, the Second World War. There exist several popular books on his personality and various collections focusing on his achievements in mathematics, computer science, and economy. Strangely enough, to date no detailed appraisal of his seminal contributions to the mathematical foundations of quantum physics has appeared. Von Neumann's theory of measurement and his critique of hidden variables became the touchstone of most debates in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Today, his name also figures most prominently in the mathematically rigorous branches of contemporary quantum mechanics of large systems and quantum field theory. And finally - as one of his last lectures, published in this volume for the first time, shows - he considered the relation of quantum logic and quantum mechanical probability as his most important problem for the second half of the twentieth century. The present volume embraces both historical and systematic analyses of his methodology of mathematical physics, and of the various aspects of his work in the foundations of quantum physics, such as theory of measurement, quantum logic, and quantum mechanical entropy. The volume is rounded off by previously unpublished letters and lectures documenting von Neumann's thinking about quantum theory after his 1932 Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. The general part of the Yearbook contains papers emerging from the Institute's annual lecture series and reviews of important publications of philosophy of science and its history.
Download or read book The Listener written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 1102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physics & Philosophy by : Werner Heisenberg
Download or read book Physics & Philosophy written by Werner Heisenberg and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seminal work by one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century, Physics and Philosophy is Werner Heisenberg's concise and accessible narrative of the revolution in modern physics, in which he played a towering role. The outgrowth of a celebrated lecture series, this book remains as relevant, provocative, and fascinating as when it was first published in 1958. A brilliant scientist whose ideas altered our perception of the universe, Heisenberg is considered the father of quantum physics; he is most famous for the Uncertainty Principle, which states that quantum particles do not occupy a fixed, measurable position. His contributions remain a cornerstone of contemporary physics theory and application.
Download or read book Quantum Leaps written by Jeremy Bernstein and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-31 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How-- and how pervasively-- quantum mechanics has entered the general culture is the subject of this book, an engaging, eclectic, and thought-provoking look at the curious, boundlessly fertile intersection of scientific thought and everyday life.
Book Synopsis Physics in the Twentieth Century: Selected Essays by : Victor Frederick Weisskopf
Download or read book Physics in the Twentieth Century: Selected Essays written by Victor Frederick Weisskopf and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection of essays covers a wide range of subjects connected with the physical sciences and their relation to human affairs. They are broadly conceived and directed to a generally interested audience rather than to specialists in particular areas. Some are written for the initiated, some are broad synopses of a branch of physics and are directed to the scientifically interested layman. Some deal with more philosophic questions such as Niels Bohr's ideas on complementarity, and others deal with the problems of science, ethics, and society. Hans Bethe writes as follows in the Foreword: "His summary articles on special topics are lucid and are 'popular scientific writing' at its best. The subject is made clear to physicists in other branches of physics and to the educated public by simplifying it, but without ever making a compromise with fundamental accuracy, as many popular writers on science do when they get enamored with their own imagery and forget the subject that they really want to explain. Viki's [Weisskopf's] main concern, as of most theoretical physicists, is the correct interpretation of the quantum theory.... This theme is already prominent in 1951 in his article 'Quantity and Quality in Quantum Physics.' Here he makes clear how a quantitative difference, such as the number of electrons of 6 in a carbon and 11 in a sodium atom, makes all the difference in the qualitative behavior of these two chemical elements. He also foresees, at this early time, some of the developments in biology related to DNA. "The summary article about electron theory (1949) is written essentially for physicists. He summarizes the great advances brought about by the renormalization theory which gives finite results for all observable quantities and is fundamental to modern field theory. His own field of nuclear physics is summarized in 'Problems of Nuclear Structure' (1961), in a simpler form in 'Nuclear Models' (1951). Weisskopf is always excited by important developments in physics even if he himself has not contributed. A major one of these [was described in] the 'Fall of Parity.' This article is a beautiful example of his ability to make things understandable without changing the essentials. In the 'Visual Appearance of Rapidly Moving Objects' he explains the discovery of Penrose that a rapidly moving object looks to us as it if had its natural shape and is not distorted by the Lorentz contraction as had previously been believed; in fact, without relativity theory it would look badly distorted. His 'How Light Interacts with Matter' is rich in new insights. "The theme is further developed in 'Physics in the Twentieth Century' and 'The Quantum Ladder.'... I don't know of any other place where the essential solidity of our world as governed by quantum theory is better explained, or the great richness of the phenomena caused by quantitative differences is shown with greater love." In addition to those mentioned above, the book includes a number of other essays. These concern physical theory (articles on the compound nucleus and on elementary particles), the human aspects of scientific research (articles on Niels Bohr and on Marie Curie), and biological theory (considerations of symmetry and function at the macromolecular level and of the quantum basis of organic reproduction). A final group of essays is concerned with such issues as the intrinsic value of science, the contributions of science to society, and scientific ethics. The latter is described by Bethe as "A most beautiful and concise statement of the scientist's creed."
