Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover by : Sylvia Rocha

Download or read book Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover written by Sylvia Rocha and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employee turnover is one of the most challenging dilemmas in organizations. A considerable amount of research indicates that turnover is mainly a result of negative relationships between supervisors and managers, and their employees. Still, that is not to stay that employees that are considered to have good bosses never leave. If the relationship between the leader and the follower is not the sole reason for leaving an organization, then what other reasons are there for employee turnover? The purpose of this paper is to investigate why there are voluntary turnovers in government departments and the correlation it has to the supervisor’s leadership. The paper will also examine what leadership means and which leadership models in government organizations are best with high turnover and possibilities of retaining great employees. It aims to investigate the cause of voluntary turnovers and the significance of a supervisor’s style of leadership that contribute to overcoming these factors. The answer to these questions can help organizations greatly, due to the fact that it can be costly to replace employees on a regular basis. The findings reveal that employee retention and leadership style have an impact on each other. This is because the leader or supervisor has the power to change what needs to be changed and the followers are limited. If followers want change, they need to leave the organization. Specifically, a difference exists in organizations that are more focused on the employee’s overall well-being and making the employees succeed and grow in the organization. Organizations that seem to favor quality of work life for the employee tend to have higher retention rates. Furthermore, leaders should view their roles as duties rather than privileges. Leaders should be inclusive and understanding of all their employees. They need to know how to respect and appreciate all as well as how to motivate those that need the encouragement. Each employee is different, and they cannot all be dealt with the same. Leadership needs to be valued just as much as followership. There is a lot of responsibility that leaders have towards reducing employee turnover. The effect of employee turnover is not solely due to bad leadership, it includes good leadership that may need minor adjustments.

Servant Leadership Styles and Strategic Decision Making

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522549978
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Servant Leadership Styles and Strategic Decision Making by : Mughal, Yasir Hayat

Download or read book Servant Leadership Styles and Strategic Decision Making written by Mughal, Yasir Hayat and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, it is essential for leaders to interact closely within an organization’s community to effectively promote its organizational development. Understanding trust at the individual level allows for business improvement. Servant Leadership Styles and Strategic Decision Making provides the relevant theoretical framework and the latest empirical research on servant leadership styles and cognitive styles from an Eastern perspective. Featuring coverage on a variety of topics including autocratic leadership, leadership effectiveness, and organizational support, this book explores decision-making theories as moderators and mediators for leadership effectiveness. This book is designed for managers, professionals, researchers, educators, and administrators seeking current research on participative leader decision making and philosophy.

The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover Intentions in Higher Education

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover Intentions in Higher Education by : Lomalinda Duque

Download or read book The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover Intentions in Higher Education written by Lomalinda Duque and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Relationship Between Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover Intentions

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover Intentions by : Roy G. Russell

Download or read book The Relationship Between Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and Employee Turnover Intentions written by Roy G. Russell and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Employee Turnover in the Public Sector

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351974629
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Employee Turnover in the Public Sector by : Oscar Miller, Jr.

Download or read book Employee Turnover in the Public Sector written by Oscar Miller, Jr. and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this title, first published in 1996, the author explores the idea that workers tend to quit their jobs when job costs outweigh job rewards when better alternatives exist. Moreover, personality interacts with employees’ evaluation of job costs and rewards and quitting behaviour.

Leadership Style and Employee Retention

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Leadership Style and Employee Retention by : Maria Diaz

Download or read book Leadership Style and Employee Retention written by Maria Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employee retention in the Los Angeles County Public Sector has been a common concern among the leaders of the organization. Employees are often switching departments for various reasons; however, one of the most prominent reasons is because of their managers and leadership styles. Several scholars have studied this phenomenon in various organizations offering several solutions. This paper provides insight into Organization X within the Los Angeles County Public Sector and provides various solutions to the issue of employee turnover rates. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe how leadership styles of organization X in the Los Angeles public sector affect employee retention. What role do manager styles of Organization X in the Public Sector play in employee retention, and what strategies can be used to reduce turnover intention in employees? A sample size of 197 out of 400 employees within Organization X will be randomly selected to complete a questionnaire on their perspective of the leaders within Organization X, such as the leadership styles and traits, and f the researcher interviewed five managers on their perspective of employee retention. The findings of this study could reveal that leadership traits and styles influence employee retention. Further research is recommended to develop effective strategies to reduce employee attrition.

Exploring Distance in Leader-follower Relationships

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1848726023
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (487 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Distance in Leader-follower Relationships by : Michelle C. Bligh

Download or read book Exploring Distance in Leader-follower Relationships written by Michelle C. Bligh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaders face new challenges as they cope with changes in culture, technology and the workplace. In this edited volume, based on a conference at Claremont, scholars of leadership studies from three continents discuss the latest psychological research on interpersonal leader-follower relations. The book tackles the impact of distance - physical, interpersonal and social - on our organizations, governments and societies.

Transactional Leadership Style and Employees' Turnover Intention in Information Technology Organizations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Transactional Leadership Style and Employees' Turnover Intention in Information Technology Organizations by : Angeline S

Download or read book Transactional Leadership Style and Employees' Turnover Intention in Information Technology Organizations written by Angeline S and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employees' turnover intention is one of the key concerns faced by organizations in today's world. The organizations are striving hard to overcome this problem through different strategies. Leadership style plays a vital role in retaining the relationship between the employee and the organization. This study aims to understand the relation between the transactional leadership style and employee turnover intentions. The factors considered by employees as reasons for turnover intentions were also to be determined. From the population of software engineers working in Information Technology organizations, a sample of 180 software engineers was taken for the study. A well structured questionnaire was distributed and the responses were recorded. Statistical procedures were followed to analyze the data. Results reveal that there is a positive relation between the transactional leadership style and employee turnover intentions.

Transactional Leadership Style and Employees' Turnover Intention in Information Technology Organizations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Transactional Leadership Style and Employees' Turnover Intention in Information Technology Organizations by : Angeline Sithole

Download or read book Transactional Leadership Style and Employees' Turnover Intention in Information Technology Organizations written by Angeline Sithole and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employees' turnover intention is one of the key concerns faced by organizations in today's world. The organizations are striving hard to overcome this problem through different strategies. Leadership style plays a vital role in retaining the relationship between the employee and the organization. This study aims to understand the relation between the transactional leadership style and employee turnover intentions. The factors considered by employees as reasons for turnover intentions were also to be determined. From the population of software engineers working in Information Technology organizations, a sample of 180 software engineers was taken for the study. A well structured questionnaire was distributed and the responses were recorded. Statistical procedures were followed to analyze the data. Results reveal that there is a positive relation between the transactional leadership style and employee turnover intentions.

The Effects of Leadership Style on the Retention of Public Employees

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Leadership Style on the Retention of Public Employees by : Erik Isai Roque Ortiz

Download or read book The Effects of Leadership Style on the Retention of Public Employees written by Erik Isai Roque Ortiz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research problem and purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between manager leadership styles and employee retention. In describing the methods used and procedures used in studying the problem, the data was collected through an extensive review of peer reviewed literature on the topic of leadership styles and retention outcomes. After a vast review of the literature currently available, the findings conclude that there are many reasons why employees leave and retention remains a problem, but some leadership styles can mitigate turnover and assist in the possibility of employee satisfaction and possible retention. The dominant leadership styles that seem to indicate more effectivity are usually styles where the leader is more participative, communicative and motivational. It more closely resembles a transformational leadership style.

Effective Leadership

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Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783847347125
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Effective Leadership by : Choi Sang Long

Download or read book Effective Leadership written by Choi Sang Long and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study on leadership styles (transformational and transactional), job satisfaction and employees' turnover intention have been identified in this book. A quantitative research method was adopted in this study. The result has revealed a stronger and significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction as compared to transactional leadership. In addition, significant negative association was found between job satisfaction and turnover intention of the participants. Staff turnover is known to be costly to organization in which the productivity and quality of the products or services are always negatively affected. Therefore, this book discusses the possible way in adopting the leadership style that can increase job satisfaction and overcome staff turnover intention in an organization.

Investigating the Influences of Leadership Style on Job Burnout and Employee Turnover Intentions in Public Accounting

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigating the Influences of Leadership Style on Job Burnout and Employee Turnover Intentions in Public Accounting by : Bryan J. Coleman

Download or read book Investigating the Influences of Leadership Style on Job Burnout and Employee Turnover Intentions in Public Accounting written by Bryan J. Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of public accounting has experienced explosive growth over the last half century. While this may seem like a boon, unfortunately, it is an industry plagued by high rates of employee turnover (Chi et al., 2013). As an industry known for its high-stress working environment, it has been shown to have higher turnover rates than accountants employed in other industries (Church, 2014; Levy et al., 2011; Parker et al., 2011; Reinstein et al., 2012).Hsieh & Wang (2012) found that the majority of auditors, a main area of practice for public accountants, suffered from a component of burnout. While many factors influence burnout, the influence of leadership style cannot be ignored; researchers note that leadership style has a significant influence on employee stress level (Lopez et al., 2011). While studies have investigated general levels of burnout and turnover in public accounting, few studies investigate leadership style and its influence in the field of public accounting. This sequential explanatory mixed methods study investigated the leadership styles prevalent in the public accounting industry and their influence on, and relationship with, job burnout and turnover intention. Participants included full-time professionals employed at public accounting firms of various sizes throughout the northeast United States of America. Data collection for both quantitative and qualitative portions were completed through an online survey that assessed leadership style, level of job burnout, and turnover intentions. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, as well as correlation and regression analysis.

An Investigation of the Relationship and Employees' Engagement and Turnover Intention--Emotional Intelligence and Tenure as Moderators

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Relationship and Employees' Engagement and Turnover Intention--Emotional Intelligence and Tenure as Moderators by : Jing Cai

Download or read book An Investigation of the Relationship and Employees' Engagement and Turnover Intention--Emotional Intelligence and Tenure as Moderators written by Jing Cai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper intends to investigate the impact of two types of leadership style (transformational leadership and transactional leadership) on employees’ engagement as well as employee’s turnover intention. Specifically, it builds link while introduces two moderating variables, emotional intelligence (EI) and employees’ tenure in the meantime to the investigation of leadership effectiveness. Whether leaders’ EI and employees’ tenure have the impact to strengthen or weaken certain leadership styles on employees’ engagement and turnover intention will be examined in the paper. The data were collected from one middle-sized enterprise in China, including 325 valid responses. Data results demonstrate that only transactional leadership style influences employee turnover intention and employee’s tenure moderates effect of transactional leadership style on employees’ outcomes but there was no significant effect of EI of leaders on two employee outcomes . Since the data mainly came from China, the paper integrates cross cultural theories and leadership practices in Chinese enterprises, discussions and implications of the research findings are offered. Key words: transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, employee engagement, turnover intention, emotional intelligence, tenure.

The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191607207
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations by : Adrian Wilkinson

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations written by Adrian Wilkinson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-02-18 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employee participation encompasses the range of mechanisms used to involve the workforce in decisions at all levels of the organization - whether direct or indirect - conducted with employees or through their representatives. In its various guises, the topic of employee participation has been a recurring theme in industrial relations and human resource management. One of the problems in trying to develop any analysis of participation is that there is potentially limited overlap between these different disciplinary traditions, and scholars from diverse traditions may know relatively little of the research that has been done elsewhere. Accordingly in this book, a number of the more significant disciplinary areas are analysed in greater depth in order to ensure that readers gain a better appreciation of what participation means from these quite different contextual perspectives. Not only is there a range of different traditions contributing to the research and literature on the subject, there is also an extremely diverse sets of practices that congregate under the banner of participation. The handbook discusses various arguments and schools of thought about employee participation, analyzes the range of forms that participation can take in practice, and examines the way in which it meets objectives that are set for it, either by employers, trade unions, individual workers, or, indeed, the state. In doing so, the Handbook brings together leading scholars from around the world who present and discuss fundamental theories and approaches to participation in organization as well as their connection to broader political forces. These selections address the changing contexts of employee participation, different cultural/ institutional models, old/'new' economy models, shifting social and political patterns, and the correspondence between industrial and political democracy and participation.

Charisma and Leadership in Organizations

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Publisher : Sage Publications (CA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Charisma and Leadership in Organizations by : Alan Bryman

Download or read book Charisma and Leadership in Organizations written by Alan Bryman and published by Sage Publications (CA). This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the concept of charisma in relation to management issues as well as to leadership. It presents theoretical perspectives on the nature of the charisma and examines the concept of transformational leadership in relation to business and public organizations. This book explores the concept of charisma in relation to management issues as well as to leadership.

Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics)

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Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1633692639
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (336 download)

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Book Synopsis Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics) by : Daniel Goleman

Download or read book Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics) written by Daniel Goleman and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leader's singular job is to get results. But even with all the leadership training programs and "expert" advice available, effective leadership still eludes many people and organizations. One reason, says Daniel Goleman, is that such experts offer advice based on inference, experience, and instinct, not on quantitative data. Now, drawing on research of more than 3,000 executives, Goleman explores which precise leadership behaviors yield positive results. He outlines six distinct leadership styles, each one springing from different components of emotional intelligence. Each style has a distinct effect on the working atmosphere of a company, division, or team, and, in turn, on its financial performance. Coercive leaders demand immediate compliance. Authoritative leaders mobilize people toward a vision. Affiliative leaders create emotional bonds and harmony. Democratic leaders build consensus through participation. Pacesetting leaders expect excellence and self-direction. And coaching leaders develop people for the future. The research indicates that leaders who get the best results don't rely on just one leadership style; they use most of the styles in any given week. Goleman details the types of business situations each style is best suited for, and he explains how leaders who lack one or more of these styles can expand their repertories. He maintains that with practice leaders can switch among leadership styles to produce powerful results, thus turning the art of leadership into a science. The Harvard Business Review Classics series offers you the opportunity to make seminal Harvard Business Review articles a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world—and will have a direct impact on you today and for years to come.

Encyclopedia of Leadership

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Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452265305
Total Pages : 2119 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Leadership by : George R. Goethals

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Leadership written by George R. Goethals and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2004-02-29 with total page 2119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Click ′Additional Materials′ for downloadable samples "Not just for reference, this is an essential learning resource for libraries and the personal collections of modern leaders. Narratives, examples, photographs, and illustrations illuminate the ideas and concepts being examined, making the set readable, attention-grabbing, and unordinary. Readers can explore leadership theories and practices, and examine the effects of leadership. More volumes are promised in this source that brings interest and excitement to a subject overlooked by the consultants, CEOs, and coaches whose earlier works captured a small view of leadership subject matter. Summing Up: Highly recommended for all collections." --CHOICE "Because there really is nothing available like this encyclopedia, it is a must buy for academic libraries. Extremely well done, with good quality print and illustrations, this work should become an important resource for active citizens as well as for managers and scholars." --BOOKLIST (starred review) "Because of its breadth, ease of navigation, high level of scholarship, clear writing, and practical format, this model encyclopedia should help establish leadership as a normative field of study. Highly recommended." --LIBRARY JOURNAL (star review) "SAGE has, again, been the first to hit the market with a major reference in a rapidly growing field of the social sciences. Virtually every academic and large public library will need the Encyclopedia of Leadership." --BOOK NEWS "The enormous demands on leadership in today′s world-the rise of militant followings; the struggle of long-suppressed people to rise to leadership positions; the heightened demand for moral, principled leadership--all these dynamic forces contribute to making this encyclopedia timely--and timeless." --From the Foreword by James MacGregor Burns, Williams College, author of Leadership and winner of the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award "As the field of leadership studies expands, and the list of important authors and concepts grows, the time is at hand for a comprehensive encyclopedia of leadership. This collection will be welcomed by all who want to understand this important and complex field." --Howard Gardner, John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and author of Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet (2001) and Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership (1995) "In 1975 a wag declared that the concept of leadership should be abandoned. It was not, of course. The 300 contributors to the Encyclopedia of Leadership are leaders among the many thousands of scholars responsible for the health and vast breadth of leadership studies. They show us that leadership plays an important, increasingly integral role today in fields ranging from world politics to community development." --Bernard M. Bass, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Center for Leadership Studies, School of Management, Binghamton University and author of Transformational Leadership: Industrial, Military and Educational Impact (1998) and Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations (1985) "This new Encyclopedia provides leaders with the historical perspective and a vision of the tenuous future so essential if leaders of the future are to redefine leadership on their own terms, with their own people." --Frances Hesselbein, Chairman of the Board of Governors, Leader to Leader Institute (formerly the Drucker Foundation) and coeditor of On Creativity, Innovation, and Renewal: A Leader to Leader Guide (2002) and Leading Beyond the Walls (1999) From the earliest times people have been entranced by stories about leaders—about Greek city state rulers, Roman consuls, Chinese emperors, religious potentates, military conquerors, and politicians. Perhaps more importantly, leadership is a challenge and an opportunity facing millions of people in their professional and personal lives. The Encyclopedia of Leadership brings together for the first time everything that is known and truly matters about leadership as part of the human experience. Developed by the award-winning editorial team at Berkshire Publishing Group, the Encyclopedia includes hundreds of articles, written by 280 leading scholars and experts from 17 countries, exploring leadership theories and leadership practice. Entries and sidebars show leadership in action—in corporations and state houses, schools, churches, small businesses, and nonprofit organizations. Questions the Encyclopedia of Leadership will answer: - What is a leader? - What is a great leader? - How does someone become a leader? - What are the types of leadership? - How can leadership theories help us understand contemporary situations? - How can I be a good (and maybe great) leader? The Encyclopedia of Leadership is an unprecedented learning resource. Scholars, students, professionals, and active citizens will turn to the Encyclopedia for guidance on the theory and practice of leadership, for the stories of great leaders, and for the tools and knowledge they need to lead in the 21st century. Key Features - Four volumes - 400 substantive articles, ranging in length from 1000-6000 words - 200 photographs and other illustrations - 250 sidebars drawn from public records, newspaper accounts, memoirs, and ethnography Key Themes - Biographies - Case studies - Followers and followership - Gender issues - Leadership in different disciplines - Leadership in different domains - Leadership styles - Personality characteristics - Situational factors - Theories and concepts The Encyclopedia of Leadership will be a vital tool for librarians with collections in business, management, history, politics, communication, psychology, and a host of other disciplines. Students and teachers in courses ranging from history to psychology, anthropology, and law will also find this an invaluable reference. In addition, there are nearly 900 leadership programs in American post-secondary institutions and a growing number of efforts to develop leadership in high schools. There are leadership studies majors and minors, as well as certificate and Ph.D. programs, in the United States, Belgium, U.K., Japan, and elsewhere. Editorial Board Laurien Alexandre, Antioch University Bruce Avolio, University of Nebraska, Lincoln Martin Chemers, University of California, Santa Cruz Kisuk Cho, Ewha Womans University Joanne Ciulla, University of Richmond David Collinson, Lancaster University, UK Yiannis Gabriel, Imperial College, London Zachary Green, Alexander Institute and University of Maryland Keith Grint, Oxford University Michael Hogg, University of Queensland Jerry Hunt, Texas Tech University Barbara Kellerman, Harvard University Jean Lipman-Blumen, Claremont Graduate University Larraine Matusak, LarCon Associates Ronald Riggio, Claremont McKenna College Jürgen Weibler, Fernuniversitat Hagen Contributors Include Warren Bennis (Management) John Chandler (Higher Education) Cynthia Cherrey (International Leadership Association) Bob Edgerton (Mau Mau Rebellion) Gene Gallagher (Religion) Betty Glad (Camp David Accords and Tyrannical Leadership) Louis Gould (Woodrow Wilson and Lyndon Johnson) Allen Guttmann (Modern Olympics Movement and Women′s Movement) Ronald Heifetz (Adaptive Work) Dale Irvin (Ann Lee) David Malone (Billy Graham) Martin Marty (Martin Luther) Kenneth Ruscio (Trust) Robert Solomon (Friedrich Nietzsche) Robert Sternberg (Intelligence and Tacit Knowledge) Fay Vincent (Sports Industry) Gary Yukl (Influence Tactics and Group Performance)