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Author : R. Dayal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (212 download)
Download or read book Leaching Studies of Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by R. Dayal and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : H. Arora
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (812 download)
Download or read book Leaching Studies of Cement-based Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by H. Arora and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : H. Arora
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Leaching studies of cement-based low-level radioactive waste forms written by H. Arora and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309187338
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Waste Forms Technology and Performance written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-05 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) is responsible for cleaning up radioactive waste and environmental contamination resulting from five decades of nuclear weapons production and testing. A major focus of this program involves the retrieval, processing, and immobilization of waste into stable, solid waste forms for disposal. Waste Forms Technology and Performance, a report requested by DOE-EM, examines requirements for waste form technology and performance in the cleanup program. The report provides information to DOE-EM to support improvements in methods for processing waste and selecting and fabricating waste forms. Waste Forms Technology and Performance places particular emphasis on processing technologies for high-level radioactive waste, DOE's most expensive and arguably most difficult cleanup challenge. The report's key messages are presented in ten findings and one recommendation.
Author : D. Dougherty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (273 download)
Download or read book An Experimental Survey of the Factors that Affect Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by D. Dougherty and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edward O'Donnell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Low-level Radioactive Waste Research Program Plan written by Edward O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Experimental Survey of the Factors that Affect Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report represents the results of an experimental survey of the factors that affect leaching from several types of solidified low-level radioactive waste forms. The goal of these investigations was to determine those factors that accelerate leaching without changing its mechanism(s). Typically, although not in every case, the accelerating factors include: increased temperature, increased waste loading (i.e., increased waste to binder ratio), and decreased size (i.e., decreased waste form volume to surface area ratio). Additional factors that were studied were: increased leachant volume to waste form surface area ratio, pH, leachant composition (groundwaters, natural and synthetic chelating agents), leachant flow rate or replacement frequency and waste form porosity and surface condition. Other potential factors, including the radiation environment and pressure, were omitted based on a survey of the literature. 82 refs., 236 figs., 13 tabs.
Download or read book Development of a Computerized Data Base for Low-level Radioactive Waste Leaching Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the development of a computerized data base (db) of leaching data for solidified low-level radioactive waste (LLW) forms. Brookhaven National Lab performed this work under contract with the US Department of Energy's Low-Level Waste Management Program as part of an effort to develop an accelerated leach test(s) that can be used to predict leachabilities of LLW forms over long time periods, i.e., hundreds of years. The accelerated leach test(s) is (are) to be developed based on knowledge of leaching mechanisms and factors that affect leaching. Although developed specifically for the Accelerated Leach Test(s) Program, this db may be useful to others concerned with the management of low-level waste. The db is being developed to provide efficient data compilation and analysis capabilities. The data compiled in the db, which include data from the Accelerated Leach Test(s) Program and selected data from the literature, have been selected to elucidate leaching mechanisms and factors that affect leaching and are not meant to be a comprehensive compilation of leaching data. This report presents the data compilation aspect of the db. It does not present the programmatic results obtained from analysis of the data regarding leaching mechanisms and factors that affect leaching, which will be presented in reports from the Accelerated Leach Test(s) Program. 6 refs.
Author : M. Dozol
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Leaching of Low and Medium Level Waste Packages Under Disposal Conditions written by M. Dozol and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-08-31 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaching tests are conducted according to different standards, pro cedures or recommendations, generally under conditions different from those of the disposal media. Such tests are generally useful for com paring various containment matrices to ensure maximum isolation of radionuclides, and allow waste conditioning processes to be optimized. However, when defining release hypotheses to be taken into consideration for risk analysis, these methods can often lead to hypothesis which are either too optimistic or too pessimistic. The uncertainties basically involve the processes by which containers deteriorate during transport, handling and utlimate storage. Moreover, the interpretation of test results must be more clearly correlated with the known physico-chemical mechanisms involved. In attempting to find an answer to this question, tests have already the recovery been undertaken, including the use of lysimeter devices or of waste materials after several years of storage. The aim of the seminar was to exchange views among experts in characterization, waste management and safety analysis for the purpose of defining the principal actions that could be undertaken or of reorienting ongoing studies in order to limit the uncertainties involved.
Download or read book Progress in Development of an Accelerated Leach Test for Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors that accelerate leaching from solidified low-level radioactive waste are being investigated to develop a short-term leach test that can be used to predict long-term releases. Data from work with portland cement containing radioactive tracers indicate that elevated temperatures can accelerate leaching of Ce-137 by at least a factor of eleven without changing the leaching mechanism. An 18 day leach test at 50°C provided the equivalent of 200 days data taken at 20°C. Portland cement containing 5 wt % Na2SO4 also can be accelerated, but to a lesser degree. Solid phase analysis indicated that pore plugging and increased tortuosity may be the cause of the smaller acceleration. Reduced specimen size was also a useful acceleration factor with inhomogeneities not being a problem in very small specimens. Elevated pH and 100 ppM EDTA in leaching solutions increased Sr-85 releases without altering Cs-137 leaching. 9 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Author : Michael I. Ojovan
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781600217838
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (178 download)
Download or read book New Developments in Glassy Nuclear Wasteforms written by Michael I. Ojovan and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the authors' recent investigations, this book describes the application of glassy and polyphase composite materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It introduces immobilisation issues beginning with a short description of nuclear waste types and compositions. Sources of nuclear waste are described including the nuclear fuel cycle, operational and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing waste streams. The glassy waste forms currently being used for high-, intermediate- and low level radioactive waste immobilisation are described. Problems related to immobilisation capacity, process efficiency and long-term radionucleide retention are highlighted. Scientific and technical problems in nuclear waste immobilisation are emphasised in particular long-term waste form stability and durability. Recent developments in advanced nuclear waste forms are described such as glass composite materials (GCM) with higher versatility and waste loading. New immobilisation approaches and technologies are described including advanced cold crucible induction melting (CCM), self sustaining thermochemical immobilisation (SSI), and in-situ self-sintering in deep underground repositories. Long-term durability tests of nuclear waste glasses are outlined and the role of ion-exchange phase in glass corrosion is described in detail.
Author : LP. Buckley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Leaching Low-Level Radioactive Waste in Simulated Disposal Conditions written by LP. Buckley and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaching tests formally recognized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or by the American Nuclear Society (ANS) are used to evaluate the release of radioactivity from a waste form under idealized conditions. These conditions do not represent the reality of disposal environments, where engineered barriers are in place to limit access of water and to retard the migration of radionuclides into the biosphere. A test program underway at Chalk River, Ontario is attempting to provide an understanding of the release and transport of radionuclides under more realistic conditions. Preliminary results indicate that releases are suppressed by at least an order of magnitude when the effects of barriers in a repository failure are considered. However, migration mechanisms cannot be fully explained by classical concepts involving saturated flow. Research effort is now focused on measurements in an unsaturated, reducing environment, the condition which will be expected to be found in a well-designed repository.
Author : Materials Research Society. Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781558996496
Total Pages : 960 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (964 download)
Download or read book Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV written by Materials Research Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume opens with a keynote lecture by Rodney Ewing, member of the Board of Radioactive Waste Management of the National Research Council. Ewing summarizes 25 years of materials research in nuclear waste, emphasizing the progress that has been made and the challenges that still confront investigators and technologists in materials science and repository performance evaluation. The session is followed by one on container materials and engineered barriers, and includes a discussion on the corrosion performance expected for waste packages in the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Invited papers on performance assessment and repository studies for different national programs are also highlighted, with representation from the United States, Sweden, Japan, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, and the United Kingdom. A large number of papers focus on the structure, properties, and degradation of various waste forms such as glasses, ceramics (mostly for plutonium immobilization), cements, and spent nuclear fuel. For the second consecutive time, the number of papers on ceramics far exceeds those on glass, which had been the dominant material discussed at this symposium over the prior 23 years. New studies on zirconates confirm the recently discovered high radiation damage-resistance of this material. Additional topics include: performance assessment in high-level waste disposal; performance assessment in low-level waste disposal; ceramic structure and corrosion; radiation effects in ceramics; glass structure and corrosion; spent fuel; spent fuel cladding and alternative waste forms; cements in radioactive waste immobilization; contaminant transport; natural analogs; and waste processing.
Download or read book Leaching Mechanisms of Solidified Low-level Waste. The Literature Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature survey on leaching mechanisms, available mathematical models and factors that affect leaching from solidified low-level radioactive waste (LLW) was compiled. Physicochemical mechanisms identified include diffusion, dissolution, ion exchange, corrosion and surface effects. Diffusion was generally considered to be the predominant mechanism in LLW leachability. However, this hierarchy of importance has been strongly questioned for waste forms containing soluble salts and has been shown to be invalid for waste forms incorporating sorbents which control the release of radionuclides by ion exchange. Leaching behavior was modeled both mathematically for curve fitting to leaching data and by consideration of physical and chemical interactions within and between solidification agents, waste materials and additives, if any. Physicochemical analyses of bitumen and polymer solidification agents have considered them to be inert encapsulants with limited water permeability. All of the mathematical models are derived from solutions to the diffusion equation. Other mechanistic processes are included as additional terms in the equation. No comprehensive evaluations of mathematical models for LLW based on curve fitting to data were found in the literature. Factors that affect leaching have been categorized as system factors, leachant factors and waste form factors. System factors include temperature, pressure, radiation, time and the ratio of waste form area to leachant volume. Leachant factors include pH, Eh, flow or replacement frequency and composition while waste form factors include composition, surface condition, porosity and surface area to volume ratio. Information from the literature is reported for each of these factors. 75 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.
Download or read book Development of an Accelerated Leach Test(s) for Low-level Waste Forms written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accelerated leach test(s) is being developed to predict long-term leaching behavior of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) forms in their disposal environments. As necessary background, a literature survey of reported leaching mechanisms, available mathematical models and factors that affect leaching of LLW forms has been compiled. Mechanisms which have been identified include diffusion, dissolution, ion exchange, corrosion and surface effects. A computerized data base of LLW leaching data and mathematical models is being developed. The data is being used for model evaluation by curve fitting and statistical analysis according to standard procedures of statistical quality control. Long-term leach tests on portland cement, bitumen and vinyl ester-styrene (VES) polymer waste forms are underway which are designed to identify and evaluate factors that accelerate leaching without changing the mechanisms. Initial results on the effect of temperature on leachability indicate that the leach rates of cement and VES waste forms increase with increasing temperature, whereas, the leach rate of bitumen is little affected. 10 refs., 5 figs.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Static Leaching of Monolithic Waste Forms for Disposal of Radioactive Waste written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
