Laws Of Nature And Chances

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Laws of Nature and Chances

Author : Barry Loewer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198907710
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (989 download)

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Book Synopsis Laws of Nature and Chances by : Barry Loewer

Download or read book Laws of Nature and Chances written by Barry Loewer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barry Loewer presents a novel account of the metaphysics of law of nature, chances, fundamental ontology, and the space-time arena they occupy. He calls this the Package Deal Account. This aims to answer Stephen Hawking's question "What is it that breathes fire into the equations and makes a universe for them to describe?" Loewer's account stands on the shoulders of David Lewis's Humean Best Systems Account of laws and chances, but rejects Lewis' Humean ontology of natural properties, and instead lets the criteria that physicists employ for evaluating candidate fundamental theories of everything, together with reality, determine the universe's fundamental ontology. The Package Deal Account thus advances the project of naturalizing metaphysics. Loewer discusses the history of the concept of laws of nature, current philosophical accounts of the metaphysics of laws, and arguments for and against each of these. He then shows how the Package Deal Account overcomes objections to each, and how, unlike Lewis's Humean account and its non-Humean rivals, it is able to accommodate recent developments in physics, including proposals for theories of quantum gravity that reject the fundamentality of space-time. Loewer provides in addition an account of the laws and chances that occur in non-fundamental special sciences and how they are related to those of fundamental physics.

Laws of the Game

Author : Manfred Eigen
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691025667
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (256 download)

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Book Synopsis Laws of the Game by : Manfred Eigen

Download or read book Laws of the Game written by Manfred Eigen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1993-04-11 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using game theory and examples of actual games people play, Nobel laureate Manfred Eigen and Ruthild Winkler show how the elements of chance and rules underlie all that happens in the universe, from genetic behavior through economic growth to the composition of music. To illustrate their argument, the authors turn to classic games--backgammon, bridge, and chess--and relate them to physical, biological, and social applications of probability theory and number theory. Further, they have invented, and present here, more than a dozen playable games derived from scientific models for equilibrium, selection, growth, and even the composition of RNA.

Laws and Lawmakers

Author : Marc Lange
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019974503X
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Laws and Lawmakers by : Marc Lange

Download or read book Laws and Lawmakers written by Marc Lange and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-09 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What distinguishes laws of nature from ordinary facts? What are the "lawmakers": the facts in virtue of which the laws are laws? How can laws be necessary, yet contingent? Lange provocatively argues that laws are distinguished by their necessity, which is grounded in primitive subjunctive facts, while also providing a non-technical and accessible survey of the field.

Design in Nature

Author : Adrian Bejan
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0307744345
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Design in Nature by : Adrian Bejan

Download or read book Design in Nature written by Adrian Bejan and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2013-01-08 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking book, Adrian Bejan takes the recurring patterns in nature—trees, tributaries, air passages, neural networks, and lightning bolts—and reveals how a single principle of physics, the constructal law, accounts for the evolution of these and many other designs in our world. Everything—from biological life to inanimate systems—generates shape and structure and evolves in a sequence of ever-improving designs in order to facilitate flow. River basins, cardiovascular systems, and bolts of lightning are very efficient flow systems to move a current—of water, blood, or electricity. Likewise, the more complex architecture of animals evolve to cover greater distance per unit of useful energy, or increase their flow across the land. Such designs also appear in human organizations, like the hierarchical “flowcharts” or reporting structures in corporations and political bodies. All are governed by the same principle, known as the constructal law, and configure and reconfigure themselves over time to flow more efficiently. Written in an easy style that achieves clarity without sacrificing complexity, Design in Nature is a paradigm-shifting book that will fundamentally transform our understanding of the world around us.

Probability and Conditionals

Author : Ellery Eells
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521453592
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (535 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Conditionals by : Ellery Eells

Download or read book Probability and Conditionals written by Ellery Eells and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-11-25 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays on the state of research investigating the relationship between conditionals and conditional probabilities.

Nature's Destiny

Author : Michael Denton
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0743237625
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature's Destiny by : Michael Denton

Download or read book Nature's Destiny written by Michael Denton and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2002-02 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading evolutionary thinker, biologist, and medical researcher asks the question: "Could life elsewhere be substantially different from life on Earth?"--and builds a step-by-step argument for human inevitability. 65 illustrations and photos.

Biology's First Law

Author : Daniel W. McShea
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226562271
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology's First Law by : Daniel W. McShea

Download or read book Biology's First Law written by Daniel W. McShea and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life on earth is characterized by three striking phenomena that demand explanation: adaptation—the marvelous fit between organism and environment; diversity—the great variety of organisms; and complexity—the enormous intricacy of their internal structure. Natural selection explains adaptation. But what explains diversity and complexity? Daniel W. McShea and Robert N. Brandon argue that there exists in evolution a spontaneous tendency toward increased diversity and complexity, one that acts whether natural selection is present or not. They call this tendency a biological law—the Zero-Force Evolutionary Law, or ZFEL. This law unifies the principles and data of biology under a single framework and invites a reconceptualization of the field of the same sort that Newton’s First Law brought to physics. Biology’s First Law shows how the ZFEL can be applied to the study of diversity and complexity and examines its wider implications for biology. Intended for evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, and other scientists studying complex systems, and written in a concise and engaging format that speaks to students and interdisciplinary practitioners alike, this book will also find an appreciative audience in the philosophy of science.

The Laws of Human Nature

Author : Robert Greene
Publisher : Robert Greene
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Laws of Human Nature by : Robert Greene

Download or read book The Laws of Human Nature written by Robert Greene and published by Robert Greene. This book was released on with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SUMMARY: This book is If you’ve ever wondered about human behavior, wonder no more. In The Laws of Human Nature, Greene takes a look at 18 laws that reveal who we are and why we do the things we do. Humans are complex beings, but Greene uses these laws to strip human nature down to its bare bones. Every law that he presents is supported by a real-life historical account, with an insightful twist to drive the point home. As you read the book, don’t be surprised if you get the feeling that everyone you know, including yourself, is described in the book! DISCLAIMER: This is an UNOFFICIAL summary and not the original book. It is designed to record all the key points of the original book.

Evolution, Chance, and God

Author : Brendan Sweetman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1628929863
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution, Chance, and God by : Brendan Sweetman

Download or read book Evolution, Chance, and God written by Brendan Sweetman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution, Chance, and God looks at the relationship between religion and evolution from a philosophical perspective. This relationship is fascinating, complex and often very controversial, involving myriad issues that are difficult to keep separate from each other. Evolution, Chance, and God introduces the reader to the main themes of this debate and to the theory of evolution, while arguing for a particular viewpoint, namely that evolution and religion are compatible, and that, contrary to the views of some influential thinkers, there is no chance operating in the theory of evolution, a conclusion that has great significance for teleology. One of the main aims of this book is not simply to critique one influential contemporary view that evolution and religion are incompatible, but to explore specific ways of how we might understand their compatibility, as well as the implications of evolution for religious belief. This involves an exploration of how and why God might have created by means of evolution, and what the consequences in particular are for the status of human beings in creation, and for issues such as free will, the objectivity of morality, and the problem of evil. By probing how the theory of evolution and religion could be reconciled, Sweetman says that we can address more deeply key foundational questions concerning chance, design, suffering and morality, and God's way of acting in and through creation.

The Drunkard's Walk

Author : Leonard Mlodinow
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307377547
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Drunkard's Walk by : Leonard Mlodinow

Download or read book The Drunkard's Walk written by Leonard Mlodinow and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-05-13 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • From the classroom to the courtroom and from financial markets to supermarkets, an intriguing and illuminating look at how randomness, chance, and probability affect our daily lives that will intrigue, awe, and inspire. “Mlodinow writes in a breezy style, interspersing probabilistic mind-benders with portraits of theorists.... The result is a readable crash course in randomness.” —The New York Times Book Review With the born storyteller's command of narrative and imaginative approach, Leonard Mlodinow vividly demonstrates how our lives are profoundly informed by chance and randomness and how everything from wine ratings and corporate success to school grades and political polls are less reliable than we believe. By showing us the true nature of chance and revealing the psychological illusions that cause us to misjudge the world around us, Mlodinow gives us the tools we need to make more informed decisions. From the classroom to the courtroom and from financial markets to supermarkets, Mlodinow's intriguing and illuminating look at how randomness, chance, and probability affect our daily lives will intrigue, awe, and inspire.

Natural Law, Laws of Nature, Natural Rights

Author : Francis Oakley
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 0826417655
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Law, Laws of Nature, Natural Rights by : Francis Oakley

Download or read book Natural Law, Laws of Nature, Natural Rights written by Francis Oakley and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2005-09-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2006 The existence and grounding of human or natural rights is a heavily contested issue today, not only in the West but in the debates raging between "fundamentalists" and "liberals" or "modernists in the Islamic world. So, too, are the revised versions of natural law espoused by thinkers such as John Finnis and Robert George. This book focuses on three bodies of theory that developed between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries: (1) the foundational belief in the existence of a moral/juridical natural law, embodying universal norms of right and wrong and accessible to natural human reason; (2) the understanding of (scientific) uniformities of nature as divinely imposed laws, which rose to prominence in the seventeenth century; and (3), finally, the notion that individuals are bearers of inalienable natural or human rights. While seen today as distinct bodies of theory often locked in mutual conflict, they grew up inextricably intertwines. The book argues that they cannot be properly understood if taken each in isolation from the others.

Chance and Temporal Asymmetry

Author : Alastair Wilson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019967342X
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance and Temporal Asymmetry by : Alastair Wilson

Download or read book Chance and Temporal Asymmetry written by Alastair Wilson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents twelve original essays on the metaphysics of science, with particular focus on the physics of chance and time. Experts in the field subject familiar approaches to searching critiques, and make bold new proposals in a number of key areas. Together, they set the agenda for future work on the subject.

Chance and Necessity

Author : Jacques Monod
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780140256468
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (564 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance and Necessity by : Jacques Monod

Download or read book Chance and Necessity written by Jacques Monod and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change and necessity is a statement of Darwinian natural selection as a process driven by chance necessity, devoid of purpose or intent.

Laws of Nature

Author : John W. Carroll
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521433341
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (333 download)

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Book Synopsis Laws of Nature by : John W. Carroll

Download or read book Laws of Nature written by John W. Carroll and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-02-25 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Carroll undertakes a careful philosophical examination of laws of nature, causation, and other related topics. He argues that laws of nature are not susceptible to the sort of philosophical treatment preferred by empiricists. Indeed he shows that empirically pure matters of fact need not even determine what the laws are. Similar, even stronger, conclusions are drawn about causation. Replacing the traditional view of laws and causation requiring some kind of foundational legitimacy, the author argues that these phenomena are inextricably intertwined with everything else.

Three Laws of Nature

Author : R. Stephen Berry
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300238789
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Laws of Nature by : R. Stephen Berry

Download or read book Three Laws of Nature written by R. Stephen Berry and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A short and entertaining introduction to thermodynamics that uses real-world examples to explain accessibly an important but subtle scientific theory A romantic description of the second law of thermodynamics is that the universe becomes increasingly disordered. But what does that actually mean? Starting with an overview of the three laws of thermodynamics, MacArthur "genius grant" winner R. Stephen Berry explains in this short book the fundamentals of a fundamental science. Readers learn both the history of thermodynamics, which began with attempts to solve everyday engineering problems, and ongoing controversy and unsolved puzzles. The exposition, suitable for both students and armchair physicists, requires no previous knowledge of the subject and only the simplest mathematics, taught as needed. With this better understanding of one science, readers also gain an appreciation of the role of research in science, the provisional nature of scientific theory, and the ways scientific exploration can uncover fundamental truths. Thus, from a science of everyday experience, we learn about the nature of the universe.

Statistical Mechanics And Scientific Explanation: Determinism, Indeterminism And Laws Of Nature

Author : Valia Allori
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811211736
Total Pages : 698 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistical Mechanics And Scientific Explanation: Determinism, Indeterminism And Laws Of Nature by : Valia Allori

Download or read book Statistical Mechanics And Scientific Explanation: Determinism, Indeterminism And Laws Of Nature written by Valia Allori and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explores several open questions in the philosophy and the foundations of statistical mechanics. Each chapter is written by a leading expert in philosophy of physics and/or mathematical physics. Here is a list of questions that are addressed in the book:

Chance in Evolution

Author : Grant Ramsey
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022640191X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance in Evolution by : Grant Ramsey

Download or read book Chance in Evolution written by Grant Ramsey and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illuminating volume explores the effects of chance on evolution, covering diverse perspectives from scientists, philosophers, and historians. The evolution of species, from single-celled organisms to multicellular animals and plants, is the result of a long and highly chancy history. But how profoundly has chance shaped life on earth? And what, precisely, do we mean by chance? Bringing together biologists, philosophers of science, and historians of science, Chance in Evolution is the first book to untangle the far-reaching effects of chance, contingency, and randomness on the evolution of life. The book begins by placing chance in historical context, starting with the ancients and moving through Darwin to contemporary biology. It documents the shifts in our understanding of chance as Darwin’s theory of evolution developed into the modern synthesis, and how the acceptance of chance in Darwinian theory affected theological resistance to it. Other chapters discuss how chance relates to the concepts of genetic drift, mutation, and parallel evolution—as well as recent work in paleobiology and the experimental evolution of microbes. By engaging in collaboration across biology, history, philosophy, and theology, this book offers a comprehensive overview both of the history of chance in evolution and of our current understanding of the impact of chance on life.