Labour Law And Economic Policy

Download Labour Law And Economic Policy full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Labour Law And Economic Policy ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

The Future of Work

Author : Adalberto Perulli
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403528613
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Future of Work by : Adalberto Perulli

Download or read book The Future of Work written by Adalberto Perulli and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in Employment and Social Policy Volume 56 Digitalization, far from being solely a technological issue, has broad implications in the social, labour, and economic spheres. It leads to dangers as well as to new chances for the workforce, and thus labour law must develop effective ways to both protect workers and allow them to profit from new technological developments. The most thorough book of its kind, this collection of expert essays provides an abundance of well-thought-out material for understanding the consequences of digitalization for the labour market and industrial relations. Recognizing that only an international perspective can make it possible to face the challenges of the present (and the future), renowned authorities from the International Labour Organization and the International Society for Labour and Social Security Law, as well as outstanding labour law professors, examine in depth such salient issues as the following: transformation of production systems; the spread of artificial intelligence; precariousness and exploitation in the gig economy; lessons learned from COVID-19; employment status of platform workers; new cross-border issues; rights to trade union association and collective bargaining; role of the State in the new digital labour market; and blurred lines between work and private life. Thanks to the international team of contributors, the issues are dealt with from a variety of overlapping perspectives and points of view, combining aspects of labour law, commercial law, corporate governance, and international law. Highlighting the need to adapt, especially through the right to training, work, and professionalism with respect to the new technological landscape, the book draws on legislative, judicial, and theoretical initiatives suggesting ways of responding positively to the requests for protection that arise in the new forms of production. A uniquely valuable tool for study and reflection for policymakers and academics, the book is also sure to be valued by entrepreneurs, managers, consultants, corporate lawyers, judges, human rights experts, and trade unionists who are interested in the issues of labour, industrial relations, and social rights in European and international contexts.

Law and Economic Policy in America

Author : William Letwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226473536
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (735 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Law and Economic Policy in America by : William Letwin

Download or read book Law and Economic Policy in America written by William Letwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1981-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William Letwin's thorough, carefully argued, and elegantly written work is the only book length study of the Sherman Antitrust Act, a law designed to shape the economic life of a large complex society through maintaining the "correct" level of competition in the economy. This is a superb history and complete analysis of the Act, from its English and American common law antecedents to the events that led to the first revisions of the Act in the form of the Clayton Antitrust and Federal Trade Commission Acts.

Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law

Author : Michael L. Wachter
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781006113
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law by : Michael L. Wachter

Download or read book Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law written by Michael L. Wachter and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔWachter and Estlund have assembled a feast on the economic analysis of issues in labor and employment law for scholars and policy-makers. The volume begins with foundational discussions of the economic analysis of the individual employment relationship and collective bargaining. It then progresses to discussions of the theoretical and empirical work on a wide range of important labor and employment law topics including: union organizing and employee choice, the impact of unions on firm and economic performance, the impact of unions on the enforcement of legal rights, just cause for dismissal, covenants not to compete and employment discrimination. Anyone who wants to study what economists have to say on these topics would do well to begin with this collection.Õ Ð Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Indiana University Bloomington School of Law, US This Research Handbook assembles the original work of leading legal and economic scholars, working in a variety of traditions and methodologies, on the economic analysis of labor and employment law. In addition to surveying the current state of the art on the economics of labor markets and employment relations, the volumeÕs 16 chapters assess aspects of traditional labor law and union organizing, the law governing the employment contract and termination of employment, employment discrimination and other employer mandates, restrictions on employee mobility, and the forum and remedies for labor and employment claims. Comprising a variety of approaches, the Research Handbook on the Economics of Labor and Employment Law will appeal to legal scholars in labor and employment law, industrial relations scholars and labor economists.

The Economic and Financial Crisis and Collective Labour Law in Europe

Author : Niklas Bruun
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782254455
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Economic and Financial Crisis and Collective Labour Law in Europe by : Niklas Bruun

Download or read book The Economic and Financial Crisis and Collective Labour Law in Europe written by Niklas Bruun and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current economic and financial crisis erupted several years ago. Its effects impacted deeply upon society, in which legal rules and social patterns have developed to enable the establishment of civilisation, justice and peace. Over time it has become more and more obvious that policy, financial and economic actors have adopted austerity measures as a main tool to solve the ensuing problems, and that these measures have hit social policy standards sometimes dramatically. Recent analyses have dealt with several aspects of this issue. This book focuses on one important element: the impact on collective labour law. It seeks to add to the debate by presenting mainly legal arguments derived from different sources and backgrounds, examining the EU and 'Troika' measures, the economic and political background and the sometimes dramatic consequences of austerity measures on democracy, collective bargaining and the right to strike. Against the framework of EU law, the relevant ILO Conventions, (Revised) European Social Charter and European Convention on Human Rights provisions, the non-compliance of these measures is analysed and demonstrated. The book is also dedicated to procedural questions, and in particular, how legal approaches may be used to challenge austerity measures.

Globalization and the Future of Labour Law

Author : John D. R. Craig
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139452622
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Globalization and the Future of Labour Law by : John D. R. Craig

Download or read book Globalization and the Future of Labour Law written by John D. R. Craig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-03 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are national and international labour laws responding to the challenge of globalization as it re-shapes the workplaces of the world? This collection of essays by leading legal scholars and lawyers from Europe and the Americas was first published in 2006. It addresses the implications of globalization for the legal regulation of the workplace. It examines the role of international labour standards and the contribution of the International Labour Organization, and assesses the success of the European experiment with continental employment standards. It explores the prospects for hemispheric co-operation on labour standards in the Americas, and deals with the impact of international labour standards on the rights of women and migrant workers. As the nature and organization of work around the world is being decisively transformed, new regional and international institutions are emerging that may provide the platform for new labour standards, and for protecting existing ones.

Labour Law and Economic Policy

Author : Adrián Todolí-Signes
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509973907
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Labour Law and Economic Policy by : Adrián Todolí-Signes

Download or read book Labour Law and Economic Policy written by Adrián Todolí-Signes and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-22 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies labour institutions from an economic perspective to justify their existence and the advantages that they bring to innovation, efficiency, productivity, and economic growth. The philosophical foundations of labour law rely on the protection of the weaker party of the employment contract. However, after 40 years of political neoliberalism, these justifications seem insufficient for achieving progress in the area of labour and employment rights. This book changes the narrative of why we need labour standards. It begins with a study of the reasons that gave rise to labour law in the context of the Industrial Revolution and its evolution, and moves on to analyse the current context dominated by globalisation and economic digitisation. It then proceeds to study the main justifications for intervention in the labour market in the current business-economic context on a global scale: economic growth; pre-distribution of wealth; a meritocratic allocation of working conditions and equality among workers. Using case studies and examples from across the EU, the UK, and the US, the book shows how the deregulation of labour markets harms innovation and the economy, especially when considering the challenges of platform work, algorithms, and AI. It demonstrates that labour standards such as the minimum wage, sectoral collective bargaining and collective rights, protection against dismissal and discrimination, occupational risk prevention, and social security are necessary for the economy to function properly.

Does Regulation Kill Jobs?

Author : Cary Coglianese
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812209249
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Does Regulation Kill Jobs? by : Cary Coglianese

Download or read book Does Regulation Kill Jobs? written by Cary Coglianese and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014-01-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As millions of Americans struggle to find work in the wake of the Great Recession, politicians from both parties look to regulation in search of an economic cure. Some claim that burdensome regulations undermine private sector competitiveness and job growth, while others argue that tough new regulations actually create jobs at the same time that they provide other benefits. Does Regulation Kill Jobs? reveals the complex reality of regulation that supports neither partisan view. Leading legal scholars, economists, political scientists, and policy analysts show that individual regulations can at times induce employment shifts across firms, sectors, and regions—but regulation overall is neither a prime job killer nor a key job creator. The challenge for policymakers is to look carefully at individual regulatory proposals to discern any job shifting they may cause and then to make regulatory decisions sensitive to anticipated employment effects. Drawing on their analyses, contributors recommend methods for obtaining better estimates of job impacts when evaluating regulatory costs and benefits. They also assess possible ways of reforming regulatory institutions and processes to take better account of employment effects in policy decision-making. Does Regulation Kills Jobs? tackles what has become a heated partisan issue with exactly the kind of careful analysis policymakers need in order to make better policy decisions, providing insights that will benefit both politicians and citizens who seek economic growth as well as the protection of public health and safety, financial security, environmental sustainability, and other civic goals. Contributors: Matthew D. Adler, Joseph E. Aldy, Christopher Carrigan, Cary Coglianese, E. Donald Elliott, Rolf Färe, Ann Ferris, Adam M. Finkel, Wayne B. Gray, Shawna Grosskopf, Michael A. Livermore, Brian F. Mannix, Jonathan S. Masur, Al McGartland, Richard Morgenstern, Carl A. Pasurka, Jr., William A. Pizer, Eric A. Posner, Lisa A. Robinson, Jason A. Schwartz, Ronald J. Shadbegian, Stuart Shapiro.

Economic Dignity

Author : Gene Sperling
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 198487988X
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Economic Dignity by : Gene Sperling

Download or read book Economic Dignity written by Gene Sperling and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Timely and important . . . It should be our North Star for the recovery and beyond.” —Hillary Clinton “Sperling makes a forceful case that only by speaking to matters of the spirit can liberals root their belief in economic justice in people’s deepest aspirations—in their sense of purpose and self-worth.” —The New York Times When Gene Sperling was in charge of coordinating economic policy in the Obama White House, he found himself surprised when serious people in Washington told him that the Obama focus on health care was a distraction because it was “not focused on the economy.” How, he asked, was the fear felt by millions of Americans of being one serious illness away from financial ruin not considered an economic issue? Too often, Sperling found that we measured economic success by metrics like GDP instead of whether the economy was succeeding in lifting up the sense of meaning, purpose, fulfillment, and security of people. In Economic Dignity, Sperling frames the way forward in a time of wrenching change and offers a vision of an economy whose guiding light is the promotion of dignity for all Americans.

United States Code

Author : United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1722 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis United States Code by : United States

Download or read book United States Code written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Private Government

Author : Elizabeth Anderson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691192243
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Private Government by : Elizabeth Anderson

Download or read book Private Government written by Elizabeth Anderson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why our workplaces are authoritarian private governments—and why we can’t see it One in four American workers says their workplace is a “dictatorship.” Yet that number almost certainly would be higher if we recognized employers for what they are—private governments with sweeping authoritarian power over our lives. Many employers minutely regulate workers’ speech, clothing, and manners on the job, and employers often extend their authority to the off-duty lives of workers, who can be fired for their political speech, recreational activities, diet, and almost anything else employers care to govern. In this compelling book, Elizabeth Anderson examines why, despite all this, we continue to talk as if free markets make workers free, and she proposes a better way to think about the workplace, opening up space for discovering how workers can enjoy real freedom.

Basic Guide to the National Labor Relations Act

Author : United States. National Labor Relations Board. Office of the General Counsel
Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Basic Guide to the National Labor Relations Act by : United States. National Labor Relations Board. Office of the General Counsel

Download or read book Basic Guide to the National Labor Relations Act written by United States. National Labor Relations Board. Office of the General Counsel and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1997 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Economic Law and the Challenges of the Free Zones

Author : Julien Chaisse
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403509007
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis International Economic Law and the Challenges of the Free Zones by : Julien Chaisse

Download or read book International Economic Law and the Challenges of the Free Zones written by Julien Chaisse and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special economic zones (SEZs) have become a permanent feature of the world trade scene. This book, the first to provide a critical and comprehensive analysis of SEZs covering a wide spectrum of countries and regions, shows how SEZs, albeit established at the domestic level by different countries, raise multiple legal issues under international economic law. This first-rate book is the product of the Asia FDI Forum IV held in Hong Kong in 2018. Thoroughly exploring the development of the SEZ phenomenon and its players, the contributing authors (all leading economic law experts) review the issues raised by SEZs in the context of international trade law, international investment law and investment arbitration. They identify the extent to which SEZs have been coherent in their design and policymaking, in particular with regard to domestic law reforms. They address such aspects (both core themes and specific examples) as the following: investment protection in China’s SEZs; state-owned enterprises regulation; dispute settlement; under what circumstances incentives available in SEZs count as export subsidies prohibited under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules; compliance with internal market rules in European Union (EU) free zones; local populations as victims of land expropriation; Brazil’s Manaus Free Trade Zone; India’s experience with multiple SEZs; the administrative approval system in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone; economic corridors and transit routes as SEZs; ‘refugee cities’: SEZs for migrants; how China’s Supreme People’s Court serves national strategy; how foreign investors challenge free-zone regimes; impacts of the establishment of SEZs on tax revenues; SEZs and labour migration; and management models. The chapters also include insights into the new emerging generation of international investment agreements; WTO accession, transparency, and case law materials clarifying specific trade issues associated with SEZs; and new rules to protect the environment and labour rights, as well as analysis of crucially significant cases such as Goetz v. The Republic of Burundi, Lee Jong Baek v. Kyrgyzstan and Ampal-American and Others v. Egypt. With its critical and comprehensive analysis of the dynamic SEZ phenomenon across legal, economic, investment, regulatory and policy matrices – including a thorough analysis of the success factors and required policies for SEZs – this book takes a giant step towards answering the question whether SEZs fundamentally contradict norms of international law or whether SEZs have to be considered as laboratories which facilitate the implementation of international economic policies. Its careful examination of theory and practice and its approach to lessons learned from case studies will reward trade and investment officials, policymakers, diplomats, economists, lawyers, think tanks, business leaders and others interested in this ever more important area of law and economics.

Employment Relations in the 21st Century

Author : Valeria Pulignano
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403518200
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Employment Relations in the 21st Century by : Valeria Pulignano

Download or read book Employment Relations in the 21st Century written by Valeria Pulignano and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It cannot be denied that in recent decades, for many if not most people, work has become unstable and insecure, with serious risk and few benefits for workers. As this reality spills over into political and social life, it is crucial to interrogate the transformations affecting employment relations, shape research agendas, and influence the policies of national and international institutions. This single volume brings together thirty-nine scholars (both academics and experienced industrial relations actors) in the fields of employment relations and labour law in a forthright discussion of new approaches, theories, and methods aimed at ameliorating the world of work. Focusing on why and how work is changing, how collective actors deal with it, and the future of work from different disciplinary angles and at an international level, the contributors describe and analyse such issues and topics as the following: new forms of social protection and representation; differences in the power relations of workers and political dynamics; balancing protection of workers’ dignity and promotion of productivity; intersection of information technology and workplace regulation; how the gig economy undermines legal protections; role of professional and trade associations; workplace conflict management; lay judges in labour courts; undeclared work in the informal sector of the labour market; work incapacity and disability; (in)coherence of the work-related case law of the European Court of Justice; and business restructurings. Derived from a major conference held in Leuven in September 2018, the book offers an in-depth understanding of the changing world of work, its main transformations, and the challenges posed to classical employment relations theories and methods as well as to labour law. With its wide range of insights, analysis, and reflection, this unique contribution to the study of industrial relations offers an authoritative reference guide to scholars, policymakers, trade unions and business associations, human resources professionals, and practitioners who need to deal with the future of work challenges.

Employment Relationship Under the Fair Labor Standards Act

Author : United States. Employment Standards Administration. Wage and Hour Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Employment Relationship Under the Fair Labor Standards Act by : United States. Employment Standards Administration. Wage and Hour Division

Download or read book Employment Relationship Under the Fair Labor Standards Act written by United States. Employment Standards Administration. Wage and Hour Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Labour Law

Author : Jean-Michel Servais
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041189386
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis International Labour Law by : Jean-Michel Servais

Download or read book International Labour Law written by Jean-Michel Servais and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No one will deny that labour standards comprise a necessary framework for balanced economic and social development. Yet on a global level such balanced development has not occurred, despite the existence of a rigorous body of international labour law that has been active and growing for almost one hundred years. The implementation of this law devolves upon states; yet many states have failed to honour it. If we are to take serious steps toward a remedy for this situation, there is no better place to start than a thorough, well-researched survey and analysis of existing international labour law - its sources, its content, its historical development, and an informed consideration of the barriers to its full effectiveness. This book is exactly such a resource. It provides in-depth interpretation of the crucial International Labour Organisation (ILO) instruments - Constitution, conventions, declarations, resolutions, and recommendations - as well as such other sources of law as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and various model and actual corporate codes of conduct. Among the substantive areas of labour law covered in this book are the following: • the relationship between international labour law and economic competition • standards on industrial relations • collective bargaining and dispute settlement procedures • protection of trade unions • prohibitions on enforced and child labour • promotion of equal opportunity and treatment • time and rest provisions • wage determination and protection • occupational health and safety provisions • special issues on non-standard forms of employment • foreign and migrant workers • social security provisions • privacy protection The presentation demonstrates that these rules and standards offer invaluable benchmarks to governments, judiciaries, employers, and trade unions. The book's combination of detailed commentary and an overarching social policy will make it especially valuable to legislators, human resources managers, employers ́ organizations, trade unions, jurists, and academics concerned with the role of work in our globalized social system. This fifth edition of the book by Jean-Michel Servais analyses the potential of those standards in a globalized world, and the necessary evolution. It examines the actual implementation of those rules in the national context, comparing different experiences. It integrates the latest instruments. It examines the most recent public debates on labour regulation (dealing with health and security at work, personal data, minimum wages, social security, strikes, etc.), updates the bibliography and opens some perspectives for the future work of the global institutions.

Understanding Development

Author : Swapnendu Banerjee
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 8132224558
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (322 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Understanding Development by : Swapnendu Banerjee

Download or read book Understanding Development written by Swapnendu Banerjee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses topical development issues in India, ranging from land acquisition, poverty alleviation programs, labor market issues, the public-private partnership (PPP) model and fiscal federalism. It offers an Indian perspective on the dynamics of economic development and the impact the country’s legal and public policies have on it. Economic development is a dynamic concept – old problems are solved, while at the same time new issues come to the fore. The emergence of these issues is unique to the development experience of an economy. The book includes sixteen recent contributions and is divided into four sections: law and contract; trade and foreign aid; issues in public economics; and the social sector and poverty alleviation. The chapters reflect on a number of development issues which were of concern for India in the recent past and will be important in her future development initiatives such as land acquisition, agricultural productivity, employment, protection of intellectual property rights, corruption, public-private partnership, regional development, poverty alleviations programs like the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the training of self-help group members, health and education of women, to name a few. The book is a valuable reference resource for policy practitioners and researchers working on the economics of development with special focus on developing economies.

General Theory Of Employment , Interest And Money

Author : John Maynard Keynes
Publisher : Atlantic Publishers & Dist
ISBN 13 : 9788126905911
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (59 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis General Theory Of Employment , Interest And Money by : John Maynard Keynes

Download or read book General Theory Of Employment , Interest And Money written by John Maynard Keynes and published by Atlantic Publishers & Dist. This book was released on 2016-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Maynard Keynes is the great British economist of the twentieth century whose hugely influential work The General Theory of Employment, Interest and * is undoubtedly the century's most important book on economics--strongly influencing economic theory and practice, particularly with regard to the role of government in stimulating and regulating a nation's economic life. Keynes's work has undergone significant revaluation in recent years, and "Keynesian" views which have been widely defended for so long are now perceived as at odds with Keynes's own thinking. Recent scholarship and research has demonstrated considerable rivalry and controversy concerning the proper interpretation of Keynes's works, such that recourse to the original text is all the more important. Although considered by a few critics that the sentence structures of the book are quite incomprehensible and almost unbearable to read, the book is an essential reading for all those who desire a basic education in economics. The key to understanding Keynes is the notion that at particular times in the business cycle, an economy can become over-productive (or under-consumptive) and thus, a vicious spiral is begun that results in massive layoffs and cuts in production as businesses attempt to equilibrate aggregate supply and demand. Thus, full employment is only one of many or multiple macro equilibria. If an economy reaches an underemployment equilibrium, something is necessary to boost or stimulate demand to produce full employment. This something could be business investment but because of the logic and individualist nature of investment decisions, it is unlikely to rapidly restore full employment. Keynes logically seizes upon the public budget and government expenditures as the quickest way to restore full employment. Borrowing the * to finance the deficit from private households and businesses is a quick, direct way to restore full employment while at the same time, redirecting or siphoning