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Laboratory Studies Of The Stratospheric Effects Of Rocket Exhaust
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Book Synopsis Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust by : M. Molina
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust written by M. Molina and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important chlorine activation reaction that takes place in the stratosphere is the heterogeneous reaction of chlorine nitrate with hydrogen chloride to produce molecular chlorine and nitric acid. The reaction is catalytic, promoted by surfaces that are not themselves affected by the reaction. This process was investigated in the laboratory: the reaction probability was found to have a value of about 0.02 on glass, on laboratory alumina, and on alumina particles emitted by solid rocket motors. The reaction probability on ice surfaces has a value larger than 0.2 and a negligible value on halocarbon wax or Teflon surfaces. The measurements were carried out under reactant partial pressure, temperature and humidity conditions covering those that are encountered in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere. The reaction mechanism appears do be determined by the water layers adsorbed on the solid surface. Measurements of the amount of water taken up by alumina surfaces were also carried out; the results indicate that under stratospheric conditions several water layers will indeed cover the alumina surfaces.
Book Synopsis Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Research Highlights, Sep/Oct 98 by :
Download or read book Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Research Highlights, Sep/Oct 98 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New AFOSR-sponsored research shows that exhausts from solid- fueled rocket motors have very limited impact on stratospheric ozone. The research provides the Air Force with hard data to support continued access to space using the existing fleet of rockets and rocket technology. This basic research data allows the Air Force: to maintain a strongly proactive environmental stance, and to meet federal guidelines regarding environmental impacts. Long-standing conjecture within the international rocket community suggests that chlorine compounds and alumina particulates produced in solid rocket motor (SRM) exhausts could create localized, temporary ozone toss in rocket plumes following launches. The extent of a local depletion of ozone and its environmental impact depends on details of the composition and chemistry in these plumes. Yet direct measurements of plume composition and plume chemistry in the stratosphere had never been made. Uncertainty about these details left the Air Force and commercial space launch capability potentially vulnerable to questions about the environmental impact of rocket launches. In 1995, APOSR and the Space and Missiles Systems Center Launch Programs Office (SMC/CL) jointly began the Rocket Impacts on Stratospheric Ozone (RISO) program to make the first-ever detailed measurements of rocket exhaust plumes. These measurements were aimed at understanding how the exhaust from large rocket motors effect the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer. The studies determined: the size distribution of alumina particles in these exhausts, the amount of reactive chlorine in SRM exhaust, and the size and duration of localized ozone toss in the rocket plumes.
Book Synopsis 1995 Scientific Assessment of the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft by : Richard S. Stolarski
Download or read book 1995 Scientific Assessment of the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft written by Richard S. Stolarski and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Panel on Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309523923 Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft Project by : Panel on Atmospheric Effects of Aviation
Download or read book The Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft Project written by Panel on Atmospheric Effects of Aviation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-09-04 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and policy-makers alike are concerned that operation of a fleet of high-speed civil transport (HSCT) aircraft could significantly affect the global atmosphere. HSCT emissions may have a direct effect on the chemistry of the atmosphere, leading to changes in the distribution of ozone; they may also have indirect effects on ozone and on global climate through coupling with radiative and dynamical processes in the atmosphere. An assessment of the atmospheric impact of a fleet of HSCTs thus requires not only an understanding of the chemistry of the natural stratosphere and its possible perturbations by HSCT emissions, but also an understanding of the pathways for transport of HSCT emissions within the atmosphere, and the resulting temporal and spatial distribution of HSCT emissions. The results of NASA's Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (AESA) project were summarized in a 1995 NASA assessment. The present report looks at that summary and at more recent work to evaluate the state of the science. AESA has made good progress in the past few years. Satellite and aircraft observations have elucidated important aspects of large-scale transport processes. Field campaigns have provided a much better picture of the relative importance, below 20 km altitude, of the major catalytic cycles for ozone destruction. Careful intercomparisons of assessment models have led to reduction of some of the differences among the models. However, a number of uncertainties and inconsistencies still remain.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781792667183 Total Pages :30 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (671 download)
Book Synopsis Laboratory Studies of Stratospheric Aerosol Chemistry by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Stratospheric Aerosol Chemistry written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report we summarize the results of the two sets of projects funded by the NASA grant NAG2-632, namely investigations of various thermodynamic and nucleation properties of the aqueous acid system which makes up stratospheric aerosols, and measurements of reaction probabilities directly on ice aerosols with sizes corresponding to those of polar stratospheric cloud particles. The results of these investigations are of importance for the assessment of the potential stratospheric effects of future fleets of supersonic aircraft. In particular, the results permit to better estimate the effects of increased amounts of water vapor and nitric acid (which forms from nitrogen oxides) on polar stratospheric clouds and on the chemistry induced by these clouds. Molina, Mario J. Ames Research Center NASA-CR-201407, NAS 1.26:201407 NAG2-632...
Book Synopsis Ionospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust Products (HEAO-C, Skylab and SPS-HLLLV). by : Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
Download or read book Ionospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust Products (HEAO-C, Skylab and SPS-HLLLV). written by Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft by :
Download or read book Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Field Study of Solid Rocket Exhaust Impacts on the Near-field Environment by : Bernard Jeffrey Anderson
Download or read book A Field Study of Solid Rocket Exhaust Impacts on the Near-field Environment written by Bernard Jeffrey Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722777678 Total Pages :68 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (776 download)
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere is documented. A kinetic condensation model was implemented to predict heterogeneous condensation in the plume regime behind an HSCT flying in the lower stratosphere. Simulations were performed to illustrate the parametric dependence of contrail droplet growth on the exhaust condensation nuclei number density and size distribution. Model results indicate that the condensation of water vapor is strongly dependent on the number density of activated CN. Incorporation of estimates for dilution factors into a Lagrangian box model of the far-wake regime with scale-dependent diffusion indicates negligible decrease in ozone and enhancement of water concentrations of 6-13 times background, which decrease rapidly over 1-3 days. Radiative calculations indicate a net differential cooling rate of the plume about 3K/day at the beginning of the wake regime, with a total subsidence ranging between 0.4 and 1 km. Results from the Lagrangian plume model were used to estimate the effect of repeated superposition of aircraft plumes on the concentrations of water and NO(y) along a flight corridor. Results of laboratory studies of heterogeneous chemistry are also described. Kinetics of HCl, N2O5 and ClONO2 uptake on liquid sulfuric acid were measured as a function of composition and temperature. Refined measurements of the thermodynamics of nitric acid hydrates indicate that metastable dihydrate may play a role in the nucleation of more stable trihydrates PSC's. Miake-Lye, R. C. and Martinez-Sanchez, M. and Brown, R. C. and Kolb, C. E. and Worsnop, D. R. and Zahniser, M. S. and Robinson, G. N. and Rodriguez, J. M. and Ko, M. K. W. and Shia, R-L. Unspecified Center...
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust by :
Download or read book Heterogeneous Chemistry on Metal Oxide Surfaces of Interest for the Stratospheric Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emissions from solid rocket motors (SRMs) include hydrogen chloride vapor (HCl) and other inorganic chlorine compounds, as well as aluminum oxide particles. The effects of these emissions on stratospheric ozone have been investigated by Prather et al. 1, Pyle2, and others. Even though such effects are not evident from satellite observations following a Space Shuttle launch 3, it is possible for the perturbation to be quite pronounced in the immediate neighborhood of the rocket plume.
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry Studies by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plume and Wake Chemistry Studies written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere. Estimates are given for the emissions, summarizing relevant earlier work (CIAP) and reviewing current propulsion research efforts. The chemical evolution and the mixing and vortical motion of the exhaust are analyzed to track the exhaust and its speciation as the emissions are mixed to atmospheric scales. The species tracked include those that could be heterogeneously reactive on the surfaces of the condensed solid water (ice) particles and on exhaust soot particle surfaces. Dispersion and reaction of chemical constituents in the far wake are studied with a Lagrangian air parcel model, in conjunction with a radiation code to calculate the net heating/cooling. Laboratory measurements of heterogeneous chemistry of aqueous sulfuric acid and nitric acid hydrates are also described. Results include the solubility of HCl in sulfuric acid which is a key parameter for modeling stratospheric processing. We also report initial results for condensation of nitric acid trihydrate from gas phase H2O and HNO3. Miake-Lye, R. C. and Martinez-Sanchez, M. and Brown, R. C. and Kolb, C. E. and Worsnop, D. R. and Zahniser, M. S. and Robinson, G. N. and Rodriguez, J. M. and Ko, M. K. W. and Shia, R-L. Unspecified Center AIR POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; EXHAUST EMISSION; EXHAUST GASES; PLUMES; STRATOSPHERE; SUPERSONIC TRANSPORTS; WAKES; HYDRATES; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; ICE; NITRIC ACID; NITROGEN OXIDES; REACTIVITY; SOLUBILITY; SOOT; SULFURIC ACID; VORTICES; WATER...
Download or read book NASA Reference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781724681911 Total Pages :232 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (819 download)
Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book The Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-04 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents a second report from the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (AESA) component of NASA's High-Speed Research Program (HSRP). This document presents a second report from the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (AESA) component of NASA's High Speed Research Program (HSRP). Market and technology considerations continue to provide an impetus for high-speed civil transport research. A recent United Nations Environment Program scientific assessment has shown that considerable uncertainty still exists about the possible impact of aircraft on the atmosphere. The AESA was designed to develop the body of scientific knowledge necessary for the evaluation of the impact of stratospheric aircraft on the atmosphere. The first Program report presented the basic objectives and plans for AESA. This second report presents the status of the ongoing research as reported by the principal investigators at the second annual AESA Program meeting in May 1992: Laboratory studies are probing the mechanism responsible for many of the heterogeneous reactions that occur on stratospheric particles. Understanding how the atmosphere redistributes aircraft exhaust is critical to our knowing where the perturbed air will go and for how long it will remain in the stratosphere. The assessment of fleet effects is dependent on the ability to develop scenarios which correctly simulate fleet operations. Stolarski, Richard S. (Editor) and Wesoky, Howard L. (Editor) Goddard Space Flight Center NASA-RP-1293, NAS 1.61:1293 ...
Book Synopsis A Preliminary Analysis of Rocket Exhaust Jet Effects on Missile Skin and Base Pressures at Mach 0.6 and 1.5 - Naca Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory Test 2093 by : G. E. Powell
Download or read book A Preliminary Analysis of Rocket Exhaust Jet Effects on Missile Skin and Base Pressures at Mach 0.6 and 1.5 - Naca Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory Test 2093 written by G. E. Powell and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wind tunnel test of a one-thirtieth scale 'B' series Atlas missile with operating rocket engines was run at the NACA Lewis 8-by-6 foot supersonic wind tunnel. The primary test objective was to determine the amount of rocket and gas turbine exhaust recirculation into the missile base region; a secondary objective was to determine the effect of operating rockets on missile skin and base pressure. Only the pressure data are considered in this report. (Author).
Book Synopsis The Aerosol and Chemical Characteristics of Rocket Exhaust in the Stratosphere by : Andrew Philip Rutter
Download or read book The Aerosol and Chemical Characteristics of Rocket Exhaust in the Stratosphere written by Andrew Philip Rutter and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference by :
Download or read book Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
