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Labor Supply And Unemployment In A Rural Transition Economy
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Book Synopsis The Shadow Economy by : Friedrich Schneider
Download or read book The Shadow Economy written by Friedrich Schneider and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Developments During Economic Transition by : Jan J. Rutkowski
Download or read book Labor Market Developments During Economic Transition written by Jan J. Rutkowski and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The paper reviews labor market developments in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. It argues that the scarcity of productive job opportunities and the growing labor market segmentation are the two main labor market problems facing the transition economies. In the European transition economies the lack of jobs has led to persistent open unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive jobs in unrestructured enterprises, or work in the informal sector, or resort to subsistence agriculture. Thus, underemployment in the CIS is a mirror image of unemployment in the European transition economies. Accordingly, the high employment-to-population ratios in many CIS countries do not necessarily signify favorable labor market performance. Instead they often indicate delayed enterprise restructuring, the maintenance of unsustainable jobs in uncompetitive firms, and the existence of a large informal sector as an employer of last resort. Labor market segmentation has been caused by a sharp increase in earnings differentials and the attendant increase in the incidence of low-paid jobs, by the polarization of regional labor market conditions, and finally by the growth of the informal sector offering casual, low-productivity jobs. Labor market segmentation and accompanying inequalities are more pronounced in the CIS than in the European transition economies. "--World Bank web site.
Book Synopsis Labor Markets and Business Cycles by : Robert Shimer
Download or read book Labor Markets and Business Cycles written by Robert Shimer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor Markets and Business Cycles integrates search and matching theory with the neoclassical growth model to better understand labor market outcomes. Robert Shimer shows analytically and quantitatively that rigid wages are important for explaining the volatile behavior of the unemployment rate in business cycles. The book focuses on the labor wedge that arises when the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the marginal product of labor. According to competitive models of the labor market, the labor wedge should be constant and equal to the labor income tax rate. But in U.S. data, the wedge is strongly countercyclical, making it seem as if recessions are periods when workers are dissuaded from working and firms are dissuaded from hiring because of an increase in the labor income tax rate. When job searches are time consuming and wages are flexible, search frictions--the cost of a job search--act like labor adjustment costs, further exacerbating inconsistencies between the competitive model and data. The book shows that wage rigidities can reconcile the search model with the data, providing a quantitatively more accurate depiction of labor markets, consumption, and investment dynamics. Developing detailed search and matching models, Labor Markets and Business Cycles will be the main reference for those interested in the intersection of labor market dynamics and business cycle research.
Book Synopsis Informal Employment in Emerging and Transition Economies by : Solomon W. Polachek
Download or read book Informal Employment in Emerging and Transition Economies written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-17 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informality and informal employment are wide-spread and growing phenomena in all regions of the world, particularly in low and middle income economies. This volume sheds light on the incidence and persistence of informality and the role of institutions and government regulations, and offers insights into issues such as how labor and tax regulations
Book Synopsis Youth Unemployment, Labor Market Transitions, and Scarring by : Jean Farès
Download or read book Youth Unemployment, Labor Market Transitions, and Scarring written by Jean Farès and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relatively little is known about youth unemployment and its lasting consequences in transition economies, despite the difficult labor market adjustment experienced by these countries over the past decade. The authors examine early unemployment spells and their longer-term effects among the youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), where the labor market transition is made more difficult by the challenges of a post-conflict environment. They use panel data covering up to 4,800 working-age individuals over the 2001 to 2004 period. There are three main findings from their analysis. First, youth unemployment is high-about twice the national average-consistent with recent findings from the BiH labor market study. Younger workers are more likely to go into inactivity or unemployment and are also less likely to transition out of inactivity, holding other things constant. Second, initial spells of unemployment or joblessness appear to have lasting adverse effects on earnings and employment ("scarring"). But there is no evidence that the youth are at a greater risk of scarring, or suffer disproportionately worse outcomes from initial joblessness, compared with other age groups. Third, higher educational attainment is generally associated with more favorable labor market outcomes. Skilled workers are less likely to be jobless and are less likely to transition from employment into joblessness. But there is evidence that the penalty from jobless spells may also be higher for more educated workers. The authors speculate that this may be due in part to signaling or stigma, consistent with previous findings in the literature.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Performance in Transition by : Ms.Miho Ihara
Download or read book Labor Market Performance in Transition written by Ms.Miho Ihara and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-07-10 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than a decade after the start of the transition process, unemployment rates remain in the double digits in a number of Central and Eastern European countries. That unemployment rates have failed to decline, even in countries experiencing good growth, is puzzling. In this paper the authors examine three interrelated questions: How has the transition from central planning to market economies affected labor market performance? How have labor market institutions and policies influenced developments? Why have regional differences in unemployment persisted? The authors take an eclectic methodological approach: construction of a new data set and a simple analytical model; econometric estimation; and case studies. They find that faster-performing countries have better unemployment records; that labor market policies have some, but not dominant, influence over labor market outcomes; that policies not typically viewed as labor market policies can nevertheless significantly affect labor markets; and that market processes cannot be relied on to eliminate regional differences in unemployment.
Book Synopsis Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China by : Xinxin Ma
Download or read book Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China written by Xinxin Ma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-30 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book empirically investigates the changes in labor market structure accompanying the labor market reform in China by focusing on the labor market segmentation problems from the 1980s to 2013. The book also aims to examine the effect of labor policy reforms on individual, household and enterprise behavior, including the causes and consequences of labor market reform in China, particularly the influences of labor policy reforms on labor market performance. Offering valuable insights into the changing structure of the Chinese economy, this book will be of interest to scholars, activists, and economists.
Book Synopsis Research and Development Projects by : United States. Employment and Training Administration
Download or read book Research and Development Projects written by United States. Employment and Training Administration and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transitions through the Labor Market by : Solomon W. Polachek
Download or read book Transitions through the Labor Market written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains seven original and innovative articles which analyze labor market transitions, how individuals progress from school to work, choose a particular occupation, move up the job ladder, and finally withdraw from the workforce to retirement. Investigations are done by race and gender; and social implications are examined.
Book Synopsis Research and Development, a 16-year Compendium (1963-78) by : United States. Employment and Training Administration
Download or read book Research and Development, a 16-year Compendium (1963-78) written by United States. Employment and Training Administration and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: USA. Directory, research and development in labour market, vocational training, employment, etc., 1963 to 1978.
Book Synopsis Private Agriculture in Armenia by : Zvi Lerman
Download or read book Private Agriculture in Armenia written by Zvi Lerman and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details and analyzes an extensive farm survey of Armenian land reform. Zvi Lerman and Astghik Mirzakhanian, two principal contributors to the design of the study, present their invaluable insight into the rapid land reform strategy implemented in Armenia. Unique among the former Soviet Republics, the entire agricultural sector of this country shifted from collective, large-scale, farm enterprises to individual production in 1992. The authors pay special attention to the commercialization of private farms and their access to supply and marketing channels outside the old state-controlled system. Family incomes from farming and off-farm sources are discussed, as well as problems of rural social services and social infrastructure. The authors demonstrate how official statistical measures and record keeping practices in Armenia do not adequately account for this dramatic transition.
Book Synopsis Manpower Research and Development Projects by : United States. Department of Labor. Manpower Administration
Download or read book Manpower Research and Development Projects written by United States. Department of Labor. Manpower Administration and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Development Poles and the Transformation of African Economies by : Benaiah Yongo-Bure
Download or read book Regional Development Poles and the Transformation of African Economies written by Benaiah Yongo-Bure and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the development of capital goods manufacturing industries in four relatively large African economies will create regional development poles, from which industrialization will spread to the smaller African countries. In this book, Benaiah Yongo-Bure explains the need for capital goods industries in Africa and shows how manufacturing can transform economies. He outlines the roles of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Nigeria, and South Africa as potential regional development poles, showing how the existing economies, natural resources, and populations of these countries make them ideal candidates, while also considering possible challenges to industrialization. Finally, the author assesses what major infrastructural development is needed to link the countries and regions to increase the spread effects of economic growth. This book will be of interest to scholars and policy makers in economic development and regional development in Africa.
Download or read book Poland's Labor Market written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the ratification or acceptance of the 1993 FAO Compliance Agreement and the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement. It presents an outline of some of the most important provisions contained in the two agreements. The book also includes a Â"tool kitÂ" of the various approaches used by some countries that have already enacted national legislation to meet the obligations and objectives set forth in these agreements.
Book Synopsis Evidence-based Policy Making in Labor Economics by : Daniel S. Hamermesh
Download or read book Evidence-based Policy Making in Labor Economics written by Daniel S. Hamermesh and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence-based Policy Making in Labor Economics distills and condenses the best thinking and research on labor economic issues to enable decision makers make better informed policy decisions. Written by well-known labor economists worldwide, research findings on key policy issues are presented in a compact and readable format, as distillations of comprehensive evidence-based research with concise policy recommendations. Designed to act as a quick reference, this guide brings together summaries of over 100 articles published on IZA World of Labor to give busy policymakers and political advisors worldwide instant access to reliable and up-to-date guidance on key policy topics including: asylum and immigration policy, youth unemployment and life-long learning, innovation, and technological change.
Book Synopsis Do Active Labor Market Policies Increase Employment? by : Mr.Marcello M. Estevão
Download or read book Do Active Labor Market Policies Increase Employment? written by Mr.Marcello M. Estevão and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using panel data for 15 industrial countries, active labor market policies (ALMPs) are shown to have raised employment rates in the business sector in the 1990s, after controlling for many institutions, country-specific effects, and economic variables. Among such policies, direct subsidies to job creation were the most effective. ALMPs also affected employment rates by reducing real wages below levels allowed by technological growth, changes in the unemployment rate, and institutional and other economic factors. However, part of this wage moderation may be linked to a composition effect because policies were targeted to low-paid individuals. Whether ALMPs are cost-effective from a budgetary perspective remains to be determined, but they are certainly not substitutes for comprehensive institutional reforms.
Download or read book Evaluation Forum written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
