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Labor Market In The Presence Of Social Capital
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Book Synopsis Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital by : Maurice W. Schiff
Download or read book Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital written by Maurice W. Schiff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility. Because labor mobility generates a negative externality, integration of labor markets results in too much mobility, too low a level of social capital, and an ambiguous effect on welfare. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration because it reduces mobility and the negative externality associated with it.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital by : Maurice Schiff
Download or read book Labor Market Integration in the Presence of Social Capital written by Maurice Schiff and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility. Because labor mobility generates a negative externality, integration of labor markets results in too much mobility, too low a level of social capital, and an ambiguous effect on welfare. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration because it reduces mobility and the negative externality associated with it.Labor market integration is typically assumed to improve welfare in the absence of distortions, because it allows labor to move to where returns are highest.Schiff examines this result in a simple general equilibrium model in the presence of a common property resource: social capital.Drawing on evidence that social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility, Schiff's main findings are that:middot; Labor market integration imposes a negative externality and need not raise welfare.middot; The welfare impact is more beneficial (or less harmful) the greater the difference in endowments is between the integrating regions.middot; Whether positive or negative, the welfare impact is larger the more similar the levels of social capital of the integrating regions are and the lower the migration costs are.middot; Trade liberalization generates an additional benefit-over and above the standard gains from trade - by reducing labor mobility and the negative externality associated with it. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration.middot; The creation of new private or public institutions in response to labor market integration may reduce welfare.Schiff shows that the welfare implications depend on two parameters of the model, the curvature of the utility function and the cost of private migration.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the link between market performance and welfare.
Book Synopsis Labor Market in the Presence of Social Capital by : Maurice W. Schiff
Download or read book Labor Market in the Presence of Social Capital written by Maurice W. Schiff and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility. Because labor mobility generates a negative externality, integration of labor markets results in too much mobility, too low a level of social capital , and an ambiguous effect on welfare. Trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration because it reduces mobility and the negative externality associated with it.
Book Synopsis Social Capital and Labor Market Networks by : Brian J. Asquith
Download or read book Social Capital and Labor Market Networks written by Brian J. Asquith and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We explore the links between social capital and labor market networks at the neighborhood level. We harness rich data taken from multiple sources, including matched employer-employee data with which we measure the strength of labor market networks, data on behavior such as voting patterns that have previously been tied to social capital, and new data - not previously used in the study of social capital - on the number and location of non-profit sector establishments at the neighborhood level. We use a machine learning algorithm to identify important potential social capital measures that best predict neighborhood-level variation in labor market networks. We find evidence suggesting that smaller and less centralized schools, and schools with fewer poor students, foster social capital that builds labor market networks, as does a larger Republican vote share. The presence of establishments in a number of non-profit oriented industries are identified as predictive of strong labor market networks, likely because they either provide public goods or facilitate social contacts. These industries include, for example, churches and other religious institutions, police departments, fire and rescue services including volunteer fire departments, country clubs, mayors' offices, chamber music groups, hobby clubs, and museums.
Book Synopsis Social Capital and Labor Market Networks by : Brian Asquith
Download or read book Social Capital and Labor Market Networks written by Brian Asquith and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We explore the links between social capital and labor market networks at the neighborhood level. We harness rich data taken from multiple sources, including matched employer-employee data with which we measure the strength of labor market networks, data on behavior such as voting patterns that have previously been tied to social capital, and new data - not previously used in the study of social capital - on the number and location of non-profit sector establishments at the neighborhood level. We use a machine learning algorithm to identify important potential social capital measures that best predict neighborhood-level variation in labor market networks. We find evidence suggesting that smaller and less centralized schools, and schools with fewer poor students, foster social capital that builds labor market networks, as does a larger Republican vote share. The presence of establishments in a number of non-profit oriented industries are identified as predictive of strong labor market networks, likely because they either provide public goods or facilitate social contacts. These industries include, for example, churches and other religious institutions, police departments, fire and rescue services including volunteer fire departments, country clubs, mayors' offices, chamber music groups, hobby clubs, and museums.
Book Synopsis Social Capital and Institutional Constraints by : Joonmo Son
Download or read book Social Capital and Institutional Constraints written by Joonmo Son and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses new empirical data to test how social capital works in different societies with diverse political-economic and cultural institutions. Taking a comparative approach, this study focuses on data from three very different societies, China, Taiwan and the United States, in order to reveal the international commonalities and disparities in access to, and activation of, social capital in labor markets. In particular, this book tests whether political economic and cultural differences between capitalist and socialist economic systems and between Western and Confucian cultures create different types of individual social networks and usages.
Book Synopsis Causal Effects of Social Capital by : Yunsong Chen
Download or read book Causal Effects of Social Capital written by Yunsong Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-02 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a series of studies focusing on the role of social capital in the labor market and beyond. Using the effect of individual social capital on labor markets as an example, this book pays special attention to the origins of and solutions to the endogeneity problem. It uses several identification strategies to systematically test for the causal effects of social capital. First, this book constitutes the first attempt to offer a systematic account of the progress made by social scientists in improving causal inferences into the role of social capital in labor markets. Second, the book adopts specialized approaches—both classical and new—toward different sources of endogeneity. Incorporating the latest research from outside fields, such as economics, into sociological research is a small but significant methodological innovation. Third, in addition to empirical research, this book undertakes an innovative exploration of the theory of social capital. It creatively explains the dynamic evolution of social capital, which helps balance objectivism and subjectivism when analyzing interpersonal actions. For sociologists who focus on quantitative research methods and social capital, scholars who study Chinese societies, and related students, this book provides both advanced methods and rich empirical research.
Book Synopsis Social Capital and the Labor Market by : Ágúst Arnórsson
Download or read book Social Capital and the Labor Market written by Ágúst Arnórsson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Labor Market Integration and Social Capital Disintegration by : Maurice Schiff
Download or read book Labor Market Integration and Social Capital Disintegration written by Maurice Schiff and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor market integration is typically assumed to raise welfare in the absence of distortions because it allows labor to move to where returns are highest. This result is examined in a parsimonious general equilibrium model in the presence of social capital. Based on evidence that social capital raises productivity and falls with labor mobility, the main findings are: i) labor market integration imposes a negative externality and need not raise welfare; ii) integration is more beneficial or less harmful, the greater the difference in endowments between the integrating regions; iii) whether positive or negative, the welfare impact is larger the lower the private migration costs; iv) trade liberalization is superior to labor market integration; and v) the creation of new institutions in response to labor market integration need not raise welfare.
Book Synopsis Social Interactions in the Labor Market by : Andrew Grodner
Download or read book Social Interactions in the Labor Market written by Andrew Grodner and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Interactions in the Labor Market addresses the following questions: How do theoretical economic models and their associated econometric representations change when there are social interactions among households? How do policy implications change as the result of estimated households' social interactions? The authors present a unified theoretical and empirical representation of social interactions as they pertain to labor supply and demand and demonstrate the cases where current policy prescriptions are greatly altered by the presence of social interactions. Section 2 examines theoretically the effect of household interdependencies on how a researcher estimates and interprets labor supply and earnings equations. Having examined labor supply issues, Section 3 and give theoretical attention to labor demand. As a further demonstration how the presence of social interactions complicates thinking about economic policy the authors consider overall labor market outcomes and related economic policy further in Section 4 by examining theoretically the socially optimal wealth distribution. Section 5 measures local economic conditions by the county unemployment rate and neighborhood spillover effects by the racial makeup and poverty rate of the county. Lastly, Section 6 examines the econometric details of implementing an empirical model with possible social interactions in labor supply.
Book Synopsis Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being by : Anna Almakaeva
Download or read book Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being written by Anna Almakaeva and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a cross-cultural investigation into the interplay between social capital and subjective well-being. Based on a quantitative analysis of the latest large-N cross-cultural data sets, including the World Value Survey and the European Social Survey, and covering various countries, it offers a comparative perspective on and new insights into the determinants of social capital and well-being. By identifying both universal and culture-specific patterns, the authors shed new light on the spatial and temporal differentiation of social capital and subjective well-being. The book is divided into two main parts: The first discusses mutual trust, religious and cultural tolerance, and pro-social and human values as essential dimensions of social capital. In turn, the second part studies social capital as a source of subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars of sociology, social psychology, political science and economics seeking a deeper understanding of the multi-faceted nature of social capital and well-being.
Book Synopsis Comment on 'Social Capital and the Labor Market' (by Agust Arnorsson and Gylfi Zoega). by : Luigi Bonatti
Download or read book Comment on 'Social Capital and the Labor Market' (by Agust Arnorsson and Gylfi Zoega). written by Luigi Bonatti and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is a comment on 'Social Capital and the Labor Market' by Agust Arnorsson and Gylfi Zoega, which can be found at 'http://ssrn.com/abstract=2788829' http://ssrn.com/abstract=2788829.
Book Synopsis Producer Dynamics by : Timothy Dunne
Download or read book Producer Dynamics written by Timothy Dunne and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Census Bureau has recently begun releasing official statistics that measure the movements of firms in and out of business and workers in and out of jobs. The economic analyses in Producer Dynamics exploit this newly available data on establishments, firms, and workers, to address issues in industrial organization, labor, growth, macroeconomics, and international trade. This innovative volume brings together a group of renowned economists to probe topics such as firm dynamics across countries; patterns of employment dynamics; firm dynamics in nonmanufacturing industries such as retail, health services, and agriculture; employer-employee turnover from matched worker/firm data sets; and turnover in international markets. Producer Dynamics will serve as an invaluable reference to economists and policy makers seeking to understand the links between firms and workers, and the sources of economic dynamics, in the age of globalization.
Book Synopsis Social Capital and the Pre-labor Market Environment as Mediators of Educational Choices and Outcomes for Latino and Anglo Students by : Elias Salomon Lopez
Download or read book Social Capital and the Pre-labor Market Environment as Mediators of Educational Choices and Outcomes for Latino and Anglo Students written by Elias Salomon Lopez and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Capital, Institutional Constraints, and Labor Market Outcomes by : Shengchen Du
Download or read book Social Capital, Institutional Constraints, and Labor Market Outcomes written by Shengchen Du and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of social capital on labor market outcomes is a key concern in sociological studies. Even though there are extensive studies on this topic, with the worldwide expansion of higher education, insufficient scholarly efforts have so far been devoted to understanding access to social capital in the educational setting and labor market impact of social capital for well-educated individuals. Moreover, studies on social capital and migration tend to focus on the role played by social capital on migration decisions and outcomes, contingency impact of social capital on migrants’ labor market outcomes are not well understood. To fill the knowledge gap, this research is to examine undergraduates’ social capital accumulation and mobilization on campus, and the associated outcomes for their job seeking, with the particular focus on 1) the impact of macro institutions on migrant students’ social capital accumulation and mobilization; 2) contingency impact of social capital on labor market outcomes. Combining primary data from in-depth interviews in Tianjin and secondary data collected in Nanjing, China, I examine the different processes of social capital accumulation and mobilization between local and migrant students on campus, and associated labor market outcomes between local and returned migrant students. Findings of this study suggest that university provides an important context for undergraduates to establish social ties and accumulate social capital. By attending higher education institutions, especially elite ones, students gain opportunities to build exclusive social connections on campus. However, opportunities to accumulate social capital on campus are highly structured between local and migrant students because of the household registration system. Moreover, data from in-depth interviews have demonstrated that migrant students suffer disadvantaged capacities to mobilize social capital compared to their local counterparts. The household registration system deprives migrant populations of access to some local employment opportunities, such as government and government-affiliated organizations, migrant students suffer from weaker job information and influence when mobilizing their social capital. Further, by analyzing survey data from Nanjing, it has verified the institutional contingency impact of social capital upon the household registration system between local and returned migrant students. Both total and university-based social capital increases local students’ chance to get a desirable job but does not do so for returned migrant students. The central argument of the study is that institutional constraints, such as the household registration system, could lead to different capacities for the accessibility and mobilization of social capital among local students, migrant students, and returned migrant students, finally leading to differential labor market outcomes in Chinese cities.
Book Synopsis Social Capital, Networks, and Economic Wellbeing by : Judith K. Hellerstein
Download or read book Social Capital, Networks, and Economic Wellbeing written by Judith K. Hellerstein and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One definition of social capital is the "networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively". This definition of social capital highlights two key features. First, it refers to connections between people, shifting our focus from characteristics of individuals and families to the ties between them. Second, it emphasizes that social capital is present not simply because individuals are connected, but rather when these network relationships lead to productive social outcomes. In that sense, social capital is productive capital, in the same way that economists think of physical capital or human capital as productive capital. Social capital, under this definition, is still very broad. Networks can be formed along many dimensions of society in which people interact - neighborhoods, workplaces, extended families, schools, etc. We focus on networks whose existence fosters social capital in one specific way: by facilitating the transfer of information that helps improve the economic wellbeing of network members, especially via better labor market outcomes. We review evidence showing that networks play this important role in labor market outcomes, as well as in other outcomes related to economic wellbeing, paying particular attention to evidence of how networks can help less-skilled individuals. We also discuss the measurement of social capital, including new empirical methods in machine learning that might provide new evidence on the underlying connections that do - or might - lead to productive networks. Throughout, we discuss the policy implications of what we know so far about networks and social capital.
Book Synopsis The Social Dynamics of Labor Market Inclusion by : Lena Strindlund
Download or read book The Social Dynamics of Labor Market Inclusion written by Lena Strindlund and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-16 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor market inclusion is a complex assignment that takes place through a dynamic interaction between unemployed individuals from vulnerable groups, several authority actors and employers. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the social dynamics of labor market inclusion, with a particular focus on integration, from the perspectives of employers and authority actors. Three empirical studies have been conducted focusing on different perspectives and integration challenges, using various forms of qualitative methods and theoretical approaches. Study I was a qualitative phenomenographic interview study of employers’ perspectives on labor market inclusion and intersectoral integration. The study showed that employers’ views are multifaceted and can be categorized as constrained, independent, and conditional, and can be understood through a complex internal relationship between conceived individual-, workplace- and authority-related aspects in relation to the themes of trust, contribution, and support (paper I). Study II was a two-year longitudinal case study of an interorganizational integration project, focusing on the authority actors’ perspectives. Through ethnographic fieldwork and a practice-theory approach, two divergent rationalities (an empowerment rationality and a coordinating rationality) were identified within the project organization, and four central concepts were highlighted – communication, trust, structure, and steering – contributing to a collapse in integration (paper II). The dysfunctional group processes were further analyzed with the theory of negative effects of social capital and shadow organizing, summarized as three social dynamics: insulation, homogenization, and escalating commitment (paper III). Study III was a one-year longitudinal case study of a municipal intraorganizational integration project focusing on the perspectives of both authority actors and municipal employers. This study combined ethnographic field work with the theory of social representations, which visualized three different representations among the different professional groups – individual-, employer-, and political-oriented – which contributed to creating tensions within the project, identified as incomprehension, power struggles, expectation gaps, and distrust (paper IV). By studying two labor market inclusion projects through shadow organizing, the thesis has revealed a complex and dynamic interplay between the various views of the actors involved, as well as social processes within the project organizations and organizational aspects, referred to as social dynamics. These social dynamics constitute the key concepts in this thesis, contributing understanding about how integration and organization work within labor market inclusion projects, or rather, what makes them fail. Three social dynamics were identified: multiple and conflicting views, grouping processes, and power struggles. Greater knowledge and awareness of these complex and social dynamics of labor market inclusion may contribute to better preparedness when organizing integration projects. The results suggest that by identifying and addressing the multiple views characterizing integration projects and not letting incomprehension dominate, the destructive social dynamics may not be given as much space, or may even be avoided, which may stimulate a willingness to integrate rather than the opposite.
