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Kinetic Theory In The Earth Sciences
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Book Synopsis Kinetic Theory in the Earth Sciences by : Antonio C. Lasaga
Download or read book Kinetic Theory in the Earth Sciences written by Antonio C. Lasaga and published by Princeton University. This book was released on 1998 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth is shaped by processes as fleeting as molecular motion and as slow as the movement of tectonic plates. This landmark book is the first comprehensive treatment of the huge range of kinetic processes that lie along the continuum from one of these extremes to the other. A leading researcher in modern geochemistry and geophysics, Antonio Lasaga reviews the theories and quantitative tools that explain these processes, and he shows how they can be applied in the field and laboratory. Chapters focus on such theoretical topics as rate laws of chemical reactions, transport theory, diffusion, irreversible thermodynamics, nucleation theory, and the theory of crystal growth and dissolution. These theories help to explain such kinetic processes as molecular complexation, fluid flow, weathering, oxidation, nucleation, growth, magma generation, biological membrane reactions, atmospheric gas reactions, geochemical cycles, mantle creep, subduction, and erosion.Throughout, Lasaga emphasizes the need to view earth-science phenomena as ongoing processes--to add fully the element of time to models of earth dynamics. He draws on extensive knowledge of geology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics and makes creative use of numerous examples from both nature and the laboratory. Kinetic Theory in the Earth Sciences will be essential reading for geologists and chemists who wish to understand the application of chemical kinetics to the workings of the Earth.
Book Synopsis Gaskinetic Theory by : Tamas I. Gombosi
Download or read book Gaskinetic Theory written by Tamas I. Gombosi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-06-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to the molecular theory of gases and modern transport theory includes such basic concepts as distribution function, classical theory of specific heats, binary collisions, mean free path and reaction rates, as well as topics relevant to advanced transport theory.
Book Synopsis Kinetic Theory Of Gases, The: An Anthology Of Classic Papers With Historical Commentary by : Stephen G Brush
Download or read book Kinetic Theory Of Gases, The: An Anthology Of Classic Papers With Historical Commentary written by Stephen G Brush and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-07-28 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces physics students and teachers to the historical development of the kinetic theory of gases, by providing a collection of the most important contributions by Clausius, Maxwell and Boltzmann, with introductory surveys explaining their significance. In addition, extracts from the works of Boyle, Newton, Mayer, Joule, Helmholtz, Kelvin and others show the historical context of ideas about gases, energy and irreversibility. In addition to five thematic essays connecting the classical kinetic theory with 20th century topics such as indeterminism and interatomic forces, there is an extensive international bibliography of historical commentaries on kinetic theory, thermodynamics, etc. published in the past four decades.The book will be useful to historians of science who need primary and secondary sources to be conveniently available for their own research and interpretation, along with the bibliography which makes it easier to learn what other historians have already done on this subject.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of the Earth by : V. I. Ferronsky
Download or read book Dynamics of the Earth written by V. I. Ferronsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-28 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their search for solutions to problems concerning the dynamics of the Earth as a self-gravitating body, the authors have applied the fundamentals found in their book “Jacobi Dynamics” (1987, Reidel). First, satellite observations have shown that the Earth does not remain in hydrostatic equilibrium, which forms the physical basis of modern geodynamics. Secondly, satellite data have established a relationship between the planet’s polar moment of inertia and the potential of the Earth’s outer force field, which proves the most basic point of Jacobi dynamics. This allowed the authors to revise their derivation of the classical virial theorem, introducing the concept of a volumetric force and volumetric moment, and so to obtain a generalized virial theorem in the form of Jacobi’s equation. The main dynamical effects are: the kinetic energy of oscillation of the interacting particles, which explains the physical meaning and nature of gravitational forces; separation of shells of a self-gravitating body with respect to its mass density; differences in angular velocities of the shell’s rotation; continuity in variance of the potential of the outer gravitational force field, together with reductions in the envelope of the interacting masses (volumetric center of gravity); the nature of Earth, Moon and satellite precession; the nature and generating mechanism of the planet’s electromagnetic field; the common nature of gravitational and electromagnetic energy, and other related issues. The work is a logical continuation of the book "Jacobi Dynamics" and is intended for researchers, teachers and students engaged in theoretical and experimental research in various branches of astronomy, geophysics, planetology and cosmogony, and for students of celestial, statistical, quantum and relativistic mechanics and hydrodynamics.
Book Synopsis Theory of the Earth by : Thomas Nail
Download or read book Theory of the Earth written by Thomas Nail and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We need a new philosophy of the earth. Geological time used to refer to slow and gradual processes, but today we are watching land sink into the sea and forests transform into deserts. We can even see the creation of new geological strata made of plastic, chicken bones, and other waste that could remain in the fossil record for millennia or longer. Crafting a philosophy of geology that rewrites natural and human history from the broader perspective of movement, Thomas Nail provides a new materialist, kinetic ethics of the earth that speaks to this moment. Climate change and other ecological disruptions challenge us to reconsider the deep history of minerals, atmosphere, plants, and animals and to take a more process-oriented perspective that sees humanity as part of the larger cosmic and terrestrial drama of mobility and flow. Building on his earlier work on the philosophy of movement, Nail argues that we should shift our biocentric emphasis from conservation to expenditure, flux, and planetary diversity. Theory of the Earth urges us to rethink our ethical relationship to one another, the planet, and the cosmos at large.
Book Synopsis The Origin of the Earth by : Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin
Download or read book The Origin of the Earth written by Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetic Theory written by S. G. Brush and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-07-04 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetic Theory, Volume I: The Nature of Gases and of Heat deals with kinetic theory and the nature of gases and heat. A comprehensive account of the life, works, and historical environment of a number of scientists such as Robert Boyle and Hermann von Helmholtz is presented. This volume is comprised of 11 chapters and begins with an overview of the caloric theory, the principle of conservation of energy, the ""virial theorem,"" and atomic magnitudes. The discussion then turns to the qualitative atomic theory of the ""spring"" of the air, proposed by Robert Boyle; Isaac Newton's repulsion theory; Daniel Bernoulli's thery on the properties and motions of elastic fluids, especially air; and George Gregory's theory on the existence of fire. Subsequent chapters focus on Robert Mayer's theory on the forces of inorganic nature; James Joule's theory on matter, living force, and heat; Hermann von Helmholtz's theory on the conservation of force; and Rudolf Clausius's theory on the nature of heat. James Clerk Maxwell's dynamical theory of gases is also examined. This book is written primarily for students and research workers in physics, as well as for historians of science.
Book Synopsis Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences by : Gerard V. Middleton
Download or read book Mechanics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences written by Gerard V. Middleton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-08-26 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the Earth and the environment requires an understanding of the physical processes within and at the surface of the Earth. This book will allow the student to develop a broad working knowledge of mechanics and its application to the earth and environmental sciences. The mathematics are introduced at a level that assumes only an understanding of first-year calculus. The concepts are then developed to allow an understanding of the basic physics for a wide range of natural processes. These are illustrated by examples from many real situations, such as the application of the theory of flow through porous media to the study of groundwater, the viscosity of fluids to the flow of lava, and the theory of stress to the study of faults. The breadth of topics will allow students and professionals to gain an insight into the workings of many aspects of the Earth's systems.
Book Synopsis Neutron Scattering in Earth Sciences by : Hans Rudolf Wenk
Download or read book Neutron Scattering in Earth Sciences written by Hans Rudolf Wenk and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 63 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry provides an introduction for those not yet familiar with neutrons by describing basic features of neutrons and their interaction with matter as well illustrating important applications. The volume is divided into 17 Chapters. The first two chapters introduce properties of neutrons and neutron facilities, setting the stage for applications. Some applications rely on single crystals (Chapter 3) but mostly powders (Chapters 4-5) and bulk polycrystals (Chapters 15-16) are analyzed, at ambient conditions as well as low and high temperature and high pressure (Chapters 7-9). Characterization of magnetic structures remains a core application of neutron scattering (Chapter 6). The analysis of neutron data is not trivial and crystallographic methods have been modified to take account of the complexities, such as the Rietveld technique (Chapter 4) and the pair distribution function (Chapter 11). Information is not only obtained about solids but about liquids, melts and aqueous solutions as well (Chapters 11-13). In fact this field, approached with inelastic scattering (Chapter 10) and small angle scattering (Chapter 13) is opening unprecedented opportunities for earth sciences. Small angle scattering also contributes information about microstructures (Chapter 14). Neutron diffraction has become a favorite method to quantify residual stresses in deformed materials (Chapter 16) as well as preferred orientation patterns (Chapter 15). The volume concludes with a short introduction into neutron tomography and radiography that may well emerge as a principal application of neutron scattering in the future (Chapter 17).
Book Synopsis The Dynamical Theory of Gases by : James Jeans
Download or read book The Dynamical Theory of Gases written by James Jeans and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EARTH SCIENCE written by PRABHU TL and published by NestFame Creations Pvt Ltd.. This book was released on with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth science is the study of planet Earth. It covers all aspects of the planet from the deep inner core to the outer layers of the atmosphere. There are many fields of science that are part of Earth science including geology (rocks and minerals), paleontology (dinosaurs and fossils), meteorology (atmosphere and the weather), and oceanography just to name a few. Earth Science is the study of the Earth and its neighbors in space. It is an exciting science with many interesting and practical applications. Some Earth scientists use their knowledge of the Earth to locate and develop energy and mineral resources. Others study the impact of human activity on Earth's environment, and design methods to protect the planet. Some use their knowledge about Earth processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes to plan communities that will not expose people to these dangerous events. Many different sciences are used to learn about the Earth; however, the four basic areas of Earth science study are: geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. Mapping the inside of a volcano: Dr. Catherine Snelson, Assistant Professor of Geophysics at New Mexico Tech, sets off small explosions on the flank of Mount Erebus (a volcano in Antarctica). Vibrations from the explosions travel into the Earth and reflect off of structures below. Her instruments record the vibrations. She uses the data to prepare maps of the volcano's interior. Photo courtesy of Martin Reed, the National Science Foundation and the United States Antarctic Program. Learn more about what Dr. Snelson and others are doing to learn about Mount Erebus. Geology is the primary Earth science. The word means "study of the Earth." Geology deals with the composition of Earth materials, Earth structures, and Earth processes. It is also concerned with the organisms of the planet and how the planet has changed over time. Geologists search for fuels and minerals, study natural hazards, and work to protect Earth's environment. Mapping lava flows: Charlie Bacon, a USGS volcanologist, draws the boundaries of prehistoric lava flows from Mount Veniaminof, Alaska, onto a map. This map will show the areas covered by past lava eruptions and can be used to estimate the potential impact of future eruptions. Scientists in Alaska often carry firearms (foreground) and pepper spray as protection against grizzly bears. The backpack contains food and survival gear, and a two-way radio to call his helicopter pilot. Charlie's orange overalls help the pilot find him on pick-up day. Image by Charlie Bacon, USGS / Alaska Volcano Observatory. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and how processes in the atmosphere determine Earth's weather and climate. Meteorology is a very practical science because everyone is concerned about the weather. How climate changes over time in response to the actions of people is a topic of urgent worldwide concern. The study of meteorology is of critical importance in protecting Earth's environment. Hydrologic Cycle: Earth Science involves the study of systems such as the hydrologic cycle. This type of system can only be understood by using a knowledge of geology (groundwater), meteorology (weather and climate), oceanography (ocean systems) and astronomy (energy input from the sun). The hydrologic cycle is always in balance - inputs and withdrawals must be equal. Earth scientists would determine the impact of any human input or withdraw from the system. NOAA image created by Peter Corrigan. Oceanography is the study of Earth's oceans - their composition, movement, organisms and processes. The oceans cover most of our planet and are important resources for food and other commodities. They are increasingly being used as an energy source. The oceans also have a major influence on the weather, and changes in the oceans can drive or moderate climate change. Oceanographers work to develop the ocean as a resource and protect it from human impact. The goal is to utilize the oceans while minimizing the effects of our actions. Astronomy is the study of the universe. Here are some examples of why studying space beyond Earth is important: the moon drives the ocean's tidal system, asteroid impacts have repeatedly devastated Earth's inhabitants, and energy from the sun drives our weather and climates. A knowledge of astronomy is essential to understanding the Earth. Astronomers can also use a knowledge of Earth materials, processes and history to understand other planets - even those outside of our own solar system. Today we live in a time when the Earth and its inhabitants face many challenges. Our climate is changing, and that change is being caused by human activity. Earth scientists recognized this problem and will play a key role in efforts to resolve it. We are also challenged to: develop new sources of energy that will have minimal impact on climate; locate new sources of metals and other mineral resources as known sources are depleted; and, determine how Earth's increasing population can live and avoid serious threats such as volcanic activity, earthquakes, landslides, floods and more. These are just a few of the problems where solutions depend upon a deep understanding of Earth science.
Book Synopsis Basic Principles of Physics Applied to Earth Sciences by : Maurizio Mattesini
Download or read book Basic Principles of Physics Applied to Earth Sciences written by Maurizio Mattesini and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides an introduction to physics for first-year undergraduate students of geology and related disciplines, such as Earth and marine sciences, environmental science and geography. The textbook covers all the topics traditionally included in basic physics courses, emphasizing the fundamental concepts of physics to explain various geological phenomena. While maintaining mathematical rigor, the book uses basic and intermediate math skills to enhance comprehension. One of the notable features of this book is the proposed methodology to consolidate the comprehension of physics in students of the geological sciences; unlike more traditional approaches that start with a specific geological problem, this textbook introduces and explains basic physics theories first, which are then applied to Earth science problems. The book's structure, with figures and solved problems in each chapter, is universally applicable, serving students and professors worldwide without regional constraints.
Book Synopsis Mother Nature's Two Laws by : A. D. Kirwan
Download or read book Mother Nature's Two Laws written by A. D. Kirwan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides excellent examples of scientific critical thinking and a significant bibliography as a starting point for further study. Highly recommended for general reading, and required reading for undergraduate science majors." Choice, 2001
Book Synopsis Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials by : Alexandra Navrotsky
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials written by Alexandra Navrotsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-11-25 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an approach that stresses the fundamental solid state behaviour of minerals, this 1995 text surveys the physics and chemistry of earth materials.
Book Synopsis Geochemical Kinetics by : Youxue Zhang
Download or read book Geochemical Kinetics written by Youxue Zhang and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive exploration of geochemical kinetics--the application of chemical kinetics to geological problems, both theoretical and practical. Geochemical Kinetics balances the basic theories of chemical kinetics with a thorough examination of advanced theories developed by geochemists, such as nonisothermal kinetics and inverse theories, including geochronology (isotopic dating), thermochronology (temperature-time history), and geospeedometry (cooling rates). The first chapter provides an introduction and overview of the whole field at an elementary level, and the subsequent chapters develop theories and applications for homogeneous reactions, mass and heat transfer, heterogeneous reactions, and inverse problems. Most of the book's examples are from high-temperature geochemistry, with a few from astronomy and environmental sciences. Appendixes, homework problems for each major section, and a lengthy reference list are also provided. Readers should have knowledge of basic differential equations, some linear algebra, and thermodynamics at the level of an undergraduate physical chemistry course. Geochemical Kinetics is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the mathematical treatment of geochemical questions.
Book Synopsis Physics, the Human Adventure by : Gerald James Holton
Download or read book Physics, the Human Adventure written by Gerald James Holton and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of Some Trigonometric Relations -- Vector Algebra.
Book Synopsis The Kinetic Theory of Gases by : Leonard B. Loeb
Download or read book The Kinetic Theory of Gases written by Leonard B. Loeb and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering text in its field, this comprehensive study is one of the most valuable texts and references available. The author explores the classical kinetic theory in the first four chapters, with discussions of the mechanical picture of a perfect gas, the mean free path, and the distribution of molecular velocities. Tbhe fifth chapter deals with the more accurate equations of state, or Van der Waals' equation, and later chapters examine viscosity, heat conduction, surface phenomena, and Browninan movements. The text surveys the application of quantum theory to the problem of specific heats and the contributions of kinetic theory to knowledge of electrical and magnetic properties of molecules, concluding with applications of the kinetic theory to the conduction of electricity in gases. 1934 edition.
