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Jump And Volatility Dynamics For The Sp 500
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Book Synopsis Jump and Volatility Dynamics for the S&P 500 by : Hanxue Yang
Download or read book Jump and Volatility Dynamics for the S&P 500 written by Hanxue Yang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relatively little is known about the empirical performance of infinite-activity Levy jump models, especially with non-affine volatility dynamics. We use extensive empirical data sets to study how infinite-activity Variance Gamma and Normal Inverse Gaussian jumps with affine and non-affine volatility dynamics improve goodness of fit and option pricing performance. With Markov Chain Monte Carlo, different model specifications are estimated using the joint information of the S&P 500 index and the VIX. Our paper provides clear evidence that a parsimonious non-affine model with Normal Inverse Gaussian return jumps and a linear variance specification is particularly competitive, even during the recent crisis.
Book Synopsis Jump and Volatility Risk and Risk Premia by : Pedro Santa-Clara
Download or read book Jump and Volatility Risk and Risk Premia written by Pedro Santa-Clara and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a novel pricing model to filter times series of diffusive volatility and jump intensity from S&P 500 index options. These two measures capture the ex-ante risk assessed by investors. We find that both components of risk vary substantially over time, are quite persistent, and correlate with each other and with the stock index. Using a simple general equilibrium model with a representative investor, we translate the filtered measures of ex-ante risk into an ex-ante risk premium. We find that the average premium that compensates the investor for the risks implicit in option prices, 10.1 percent, is about twice the premium required to compensate the same investor for the realized volatility, 5.8 percent. Moreover, the ex-ante equity premium that we uncover is highly volatile, with values between 2 and 32 percent. The component of the premium that corresponds to the jump risk varies between 0 and 12 percent.
Book Synopsis Volatility Uncertainty and Jumps by : Thomas Grünthaler
Download or read book Volatility Uncertainty and Jumps written by Thomas Grünthaler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the joint dynamics of S&P 500 jumps and volatility using option-implied information. Our results indicate that volatility is not related to the evolution of jumps but the uncertainty about volatility is. More uncertainty about future volatility shifts the return distribution to the left, such that negative price jumps are more likely and positive price jumps are less likely. We highlight the unique information content in volatility uncertainty and further show that it significantly predicts realized price jumps. Our results have strong implications for structural option pricing models as a linear link between the arrival of jumps and volatility is commonly assumed.
Book Synopsis Inferring Volatility Dynamics and Risk Premia from the S&P 500 and VIX Markets by : Chris Bardgett
Download or read book Inferring Volatility Dynamics and Risk Premia from the S&P 500 and VIX Markets written by Chris Bardgett and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper shows that the VIX market contains information that is not already contained by the S&P 500 market on the variance of the S&P 500 returns. We estimate a flexible affine model based on a joint time series of underlying indexes and option prices on both markets. We find that including VIX option prices in the model estimation allows better identification of the parameters driving the risk-neutral conditional distributions and term structure of volatility, thereby enhancing the estimation of the variance risk premium. We gain new insights on the properties of the premium's term structure and show how they can be used to form trading signals. Finally, our premium has better predictive power than the usual model-free estimate and the higher-order moments of its term structure allow improving forecasts of S&P 500 returns.
Book Synopsis Can Standard Preferences Explain the Prices of Out of the Money S&P 500 Put Options by : Luca Benzoni
Download or read book Can Standard Preferences Explain the Prices of Out of the Money S&P 500 Put Options written by Luca Benzoni and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the stock market crash of 1987, Black-Scholes implied volatilities of S & P 500 index options were relatively constant across moneyness. Since the crash, however, deep out-of-the-money S & P 500 put options have become 'expensive' relative to the Black-Scholes benchmark. Many researchers (e.g., Liu, Pan and Wang (2005)) have argued that such prices cannot be justified in a general equilibrium setting if the representative agent has 'standard preferences' and the endowment is an i.i.d. process. Below, however, we use the insight of Bansal and Yaron (2004) to demonstrate that the 'volatility smirk' can be rationalized if the agent is endowed with Epstein-Zin preferences and if the aggregate dividend and consumption processes are driven by a persistent stochastic growth variable that can jump. We identify a realistic calibration of the model that simultaneously matches the empirical properties of dividends, the equity premium, the prices of both at-the-money and deep out-of-the-money puts, and the level of the risk-free rate. A more challenging question (that to our knowledge has not been previously investigated) is whether one can explain within a standard preference framework the stark regime change in the volatility smirk that has maintained since the 1987 market crash. To this end, we extend the model to a Bayesian setting in which the agent updates her beliefs about the average jump size in the event of a jump. Note that such beliefs only update at crash dates, and hence can explain why the volatility smirk has not diminished over the last eighteen years. We find that the model can capture the shape of the implied volatility curve both pre- and post-crash while maintaining reasonable estimates for expected returns, price-dividend ratios, and risk-free rates.
Book Synopsis Models for S&P 500 Dynamics by : Peter Christoffersen
Download or read book Models for S&P 500 Dynamics written by Peter Christoffersen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most recent empirical option valuation studies build on the affine square root (SQR) stochastic volatility model. The SQR model is a convenient choice, because it yields closed-form solutions for option prices. However, relatively little is known about the resulting biases. We investigate alternatives to the SQR model, by comparing its empirical performance with that of five different but equally parsimonious stochastic volatility models. We provide empirical evidence from three different sources. We first use realized volatilities to assess the properties of the SQR model and to guide us in the search for alternative specifications. We then estimate the models using maximum likelihood on Samp;P 500 returns. Finally, we employ nonlinear least squares on a panel of option data. In comparison with earlier studies that explicitly solve the filtering problem, we analyze a more comprehensive option data set. The scope of our analysis is feasible because of our use of the particle filter. The three sources of data we employ all point to the same conclusion: the SQR model is misspecified. Overall, the best of the alternative volatility specifications is a model with linear rather than square root diffusion for variance which we refer to as the VAR model. This model captures the stylized facts in realized volatilities, it performs well in fitting various samples of index returns, and it has the lowest option implied volatility mean squared errors in- and out-of-sample.
Book Synopsis The Dynamics of the S&P 500 Implied Volatility Surface by : George S. Skiadopoulos
Download or read book The Dynamics of the S&P 500 Implied Volatility Surface written by George S. Skiadopoulos and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This empirical study is motivated by the literature on quot;smile-consistentquot; arbitrage pricing with stochastic volatility. We investigate the number and shape of shocks that move implied volatility smiles and surfaces by applying Principal Components Analysis. Two components are identified under a variety of criteria. Subsequently, we develop a quot;Procrustesquot; type rotation in order to interpret the retained components. The results have implications for both option pricing and hedging and for the economics of option pricing.
Book Synopsis Option Market (In)efficiency and Implied Volatility Dynamics After Return Jumps by : Juho Kanniainen
Download or read book Option Market (In)efficiency and Implied Volatility Dynamics After Return Jumps written by Juho Kanniainen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In informationally efficient financial markets, option prices and this implied volatility should immediately be adjusted to new information that arrives along with a jump in underlying's return, whereas gradual changes in implied volatility would indicate market inefficiency. Using minute-by-minute data on S&P 500 index options, we provide evidence regarding delayed and gradual movements in implied volatility after the arrival of return jumps. These movements are directed and persistent, especially in the case of negative return jumps. Our results are significant when the implied volatilities are extracted from at-the-money options and out-of-the-money puts, while the implied volatility obtained from out-of-the-money calls converges to its new level immediately rather than gradually. Thus, our analysis reveals that the implied volatility smile is adjusted to jumps in underlying's return asymmetrically. Finally, it would be possible to have statistical arbitrage in zero-transaction-cost option markets, but under actual option price spreads, our results do not imply abnormal option returns.
Book Synopsis Predictable Dynamics in the S&P 500 Index Options Implied Volatility Surface by : Sílvia Gonçalves
Download or read book Predictable Dynamics in the S&P 500 Index Options Implied Volatility Surface written by Sílvia Gonçalves and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One key stylized fact in the empirical option pricing literature is the existence of an implied volatility surface (IVS). The usual approach consists of fitting a linear model linking the implied volatility to the time to maturity and the moneyness, for each cross section of options data. However, recent empirical evidence suggests that the parameters characterizing the IVS change over time. In this paper, we study whether the resulting predictability patterns in the IVS coefficients may be exploited in practice. We propose a two-stage approach to modeling and forecasting the Samp;P 500 index options IVS. In the first stage, we model the surface along the cross-sectional moneyness and time-to-maturity dimensions, similarly to Dumas, et. al., (1998). In the second-stage, we model the dynamics of the cross-sectional first-stage implied volatility surface coefficients by means of vector autoregression models. We find that not only the Samp;P 500 implied volatility surface can be successfully modeled, but also that its movements over time are highly predictable in a statistical sense. We then examine the economic significance of this statistical predictability with mixed findings. Whereas profitable delta-hedged positions can be set up that exploit the dynamics captured by the model under moderate transaction costs and when trading rules are selective in terms of expected gains from the trades, most of this profitability disappears when we increase the level of transaction costs and trade multiple contracts off wide segments of the IVS. This suggests that predictability of the time-varying Samp;P 500 implied volatility surface may be not inconsistent with market efficiency.
Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Price Jumps in the Stock Market by : Fabrizio Ferriani
Download or read book The Dynamics of Price Jumps in the Stock Market written by Fabrizio Ferriani and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the bivariate jump process involving the S&P 500 and the Euro Stoxx 50 with jumps extracted from high frequency data using non-parametric methods. Our analysis, based on a generalized Hawkes process, reveals the presence of self-excitation in the jump activity which is responsible for jump clustering but has a very small persistence in time. Concerning cross-market effects, we find statistically significant co-jumps occurring when both markets are simultaneously operating but no evidence of contagion in the jump activity, suggesting that the role of jumps in volatility transmission is negligible. Moreover, we find a negative relationship between the jump activity and the continuous volatility indicating that jumps are mostly detected during tranquil market conditions rather than in periods of stress. Importantly, our empirical results are robust under different jump detection methods.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Jump Intensities and Risk Premia by : Peter Christoffersen
Download or read book Dynamic Jump Intensities and Risk Premia written by Peter Christoffersen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We build a new class of discrete time models where the distribution of daily returns is driven by two factors: dynamic volatility and dynamic jump intensity. Each factor has its own risk premium. The likelihood function for the models is available using analytical filtering, which makes them much easier to implement than most existing models. Estimating the models on Samp;P500 returns, we find that they significantly outperform standard models without jumps. We find very strong empirical support for time-varying jump intensities, and thus for flexible skewness and kurtosis dynamics. Compared to the risk premium on dynamic volatility, the risk premium on the dynamic jump intensity has a much larger impact on option prices. We confirm these findings using joint estimation on returns and large option samples, which is feasible in our class of models.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Volatility and Jumps by : Katja Ignatieva
Download or read book Stochastic Volatility and Jumps written by Katja Ignatieva and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes exponentially affine and non-affine stochastic volatility models with jumps in returns and volatility. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is applied within a Bayesian inference to estimate model parameters and latent variables using daily returns from the Samp;P 500 stock index. There are two approaches to overcome the problem of misspecification of the square root stochastic volatility model. The first approach proposed by Christo ersen, Jacobs and Mimouni (2008) suggests to investigate some non-affine alternatives of the volatility process. The second approach consists in examining more heavily parametrized models by adding jumps to the return and possibly to the volatility process. The aim of this paper is to combine both model frameworks and to test whether the class of affine models is outperformed by the class of non-affine models if we include jumps into the stochastic processes. We conclude that the non-affine model structure have promising statistical properties and are worth further investigations. Further, we find affine models with jump components that perform similar to the non affine models without jump components. Since non affine models yield economically unrealistic parameter estimates, and research is rather developed for the affine model structures we have a tendency to prefer the affine jump diffusion models.
Book Synopsis The Causal Relationship Between the S&P 500 and the VIX Index by : Florian Auinger
Download or read book The Causal Relationship Between the S&P 500 and the VIX Index written by Florian Auinger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Florian Auinger highlights the core weaknesses and sources of criticism regarding the VIX Index as an indicator for the future development of financial market volatility. Furthermore, it is proven that there is no statistically significant causal relationship between the VIX and the S&P 500. As a consequence, the forecastability is not given in both directions. Obviously, there must be at least one additional variable that has a strong influence on market volatility such as emotions which, according to financial market experts, are considered to play a more and more important role in investment decisions. Contents Risk and Emotions Financial Market Volatility Behavioural Finance VIX Index Target Groups Researchers and students in the fields of risk management, portfolio management and investment banking Practitioners in these areas The Author Florian Auinger wrote his master thesis at the University of Applied Sciences in Steyr, Upper Austria and is currently working in the fields of mergers & acquisitions.
Book Synopsis A Discrete-Time Model for Daily S&P 500 Returns and Realized Variations by : Tim Bollerslev
Download or read book A Discrete-Time Model for Daily S&P 500 Returns and Realized Variations written by Tim Bollerslev and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop an empirically highly accurate discrete-time daily stochastic volatility model that explicitly distinguishes between the jump and continuous-time components of price movements using nonparametric realized variation and Bipower variation measures constructed from high-frequency intraday data. The model setup allows us to directly assess the structural inter-dependencies among the shocks to returns and the two different volatility components. The model estimates suggest that the leverage effect, or asymmetry between returns and volatility, works primarily through the continuous volatility component. The excellent fit of the model makes it an ideal candidate for an easy-to-implement auxiliary model in the context of indirect estimation of empirically more realistic continuous-time jump diffusion and Levy-driven stochastic volatility models, effectively incorporating the relevant information in the high-frequency data.
Book Synopsis Pricing Models of Volatility Products and Exotic Variance Derivatives by : Yue Kuen Kwok
Download or read book Pricing Models of Volatility Products and Exotic Variance Derivatives written by Yue Kuen Kwok and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-08 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pricing Models of Volatility Products and Exotic Variance Derivatives summarizes most of the recent research results in pricing models of derivatives on discrete realized variance and VIX. The book begins with the presentation of volatility trading and uses of variance derivatives. It then moves on to discuss the robust replication strategy of variance swaps using portfolio of options, which is one of the major milestones in pricing theory of variance derivatives. The replication procedure provides the theoretical foundation of the construction of VIX. This book provides sound arguments for formulating the pricing models of variance derivatives and establishes formal proofs of various technical results. Illustrative numerical examples are included to show accuracy and effectiveness of analytic and approximation methods. Features Useful for practitioners and quants in the financial industry who need to make choices between various pricing models of variance derivatives Fabulous resource for researchers interested in pricing and hedging issues of variance derivatives and VIX products Can be used as a university textbook in a topic course on pricing variance derivatives
Book Synopsis Volatility Dynamics for the S&P500 by : Peter Christoffersen
Download or read book Volatility Dynamics for the S&P500 written by Peter Christoffersen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most recent empirical option valuation studies build on the affine square root (SQR) stochastic volatility model. The SQR model is a convenient choice, because it yields closed-form solutions for option prices. However, relatively little is known about the resulting biases.We investigate alternatives to the SQR model, by comparing its empirical performance with that of five different but equally parsimonious stochastic volatility models. We provide empirical evidence from three different sources: realized volatilities, Samp;P500 returns, and an extensive panel of option data. The three sources of data we employ all point to the same conclusion: the SQR model is misspecified. The best of the alternative volatility specifications is a model with linear rather than square root diffusion for variance, which we refer to as the VAR model. This model captures the stylized facts in realized volatilities, it performs well in fitting various samples of index returns, and it has the lowest option implied volatility mean squared error in- and out-of-sample. It fits the option data better than the SQR model in several dimensions: it improves the fit of at-the-money options, and it provides a more realistic volatility term structure and implied volatility smirk.
Book Synopsis Sv Mixture Models with Application to S&P 500 Index Returns by : Garland Durham
Download or read book Sv Mixture Models with Application to S&P 500 Index Returns written by Garland Durham and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding both the dynamics of volatility as well as the shape of the distribution of returns conditional on the volatility state are important for many financial applications. A simple single-factor SV model appears to be sufficient to capture most of the dynamics; it is the shape of the conditional distribution that is the problem. This paper examines the idea of modeling this distribution as a discrete mixture of normals. The flexibility of this class of distributions provides a transparent look into the tails of the returns distribution. Model diagnostics suggest that the model, SV-mix, does a good job of capturing the salient features of the data. In a direct comparison against several affine-jump models, SV-mix is strongly preferred by Akaike and Schwarz information criteria.
