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Nephrology Worldwide

Author : José A. Moura-Neto
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030568903
Total Pages : 751 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Nephrology Worldwide by : José A. Moura-Neto

Download or read book Nephrology Worldwide written by José A. Moura-Neto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents contributions from leading international experts in the field of nephrology. Each chapter is independent and discusses nephrology in the author’s country, including the history of nephrology development, kidney disease epidemiology, clinical nephrology, dialysis practice in acute and chronic renal failure settings (hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, peritoneal dialysis), pediatric nephrology, and kidney transplantation. In addition, the book covers topics such as the job market for nephrologists, reimbursement, nephrology education, and the number of professionals in the private and public sectors. With 53 chapters and more than 300 authors from all continents offering a unique perspective on nephrology practice, it provides a much-needed information source for nephrologists around the globe. The reader will be able to travel through “Nephrology Worldwide”, a pleasant reading experience with not only relevant information and updated data, but also a comprehensive look at the history, countries’ peculiarities, and a critical analysis of the scenario of nephrology and renal replacement therapy. A valuable resource for healthcare professionals and other stakeholders interested in learning about the status quo of Nephrology Worldwide. “Both the failings and the successes are outlined in a way that should make this book a compelling read, not just for the well-informed renal physician, but also for planners and policy makers whose thinking and actions are integral to the way we practice medicine.” - Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, Nephrologist and 2019 Nobel Prize Winner More information on the Nephrology Worldwide initiative can be found at www.nephrologyworldwide.com.

Contesting the Philippines

Author : Steven Rood
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
ISBN 13 : 9815104926
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (151 download)

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Book Synopsis Contesting the Philippines by : Steven Rood

Download or read book Contesting the Philippines written by Steven Rood and published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. This book was released on 2024-05-09 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Duterte administration (2016–22) marked the return of an authoritarian style of rule in the Philippines. It was also accompanied by an economic recovery that was better than many expected, at least until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both during and following the Duterte period, the country was buffeted by a series of internal and external shocks that called into question the state’s legal and social policy contract with its citizens. This period of “contesting the Philippines” was an intense, normative and practical struggle to shape (or reshape) some of the Philippines’ most critical institutions: the Constitution, the presidency, the Supreme Court and the rule of law, the free press, regional autonomy and independent regulatory institutions. These developments energized many domestic policy actors: technocrats, the business sector, civil society organizations, the police and the military, armed groups and religious leaders across the spectrum of Filipino politics. This volume considers some key sites of contestation between and among domestic policy actors, including the executive, during this eventful period for political and legal institutions in the Philippines.

A Careful Revolution

Author : Amelia Sharman
Publisher : Bridget Williams Books
ISBN 13 : 198854565X
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (885 download)

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Book Synopsis A Careful Revolution by : Amelia Sharman

Download or read book A Careful Revolution written by Amelia Sharman and published by Bridget Williams Books. This book was released on 2019 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘I am 29 years old. I was born just before the Kyoto Protocol was signed, and since then global mean temperatures have risen by an estimated 0.2°C per decade . . . in my lifetime I am likely to experience a world that is 2°C warmer, perhaps as much as 4°C, and has more droughts, fires and floods.’ Sylvia Nissen Climate crisis is upon us. By choice or necessity, New Zealand will transition to a low-emissions future. But can this revolution be careful? Can it be attentive to the disruptions it inevitably creates? Or will carefulness simply delay and dilute the changes that future people require of us? This timely collection brings together eleven authors to explore the politics and practicalities of the low-emissions transition, touching on issues of justice, tikanga, trade-offs, finance, futurism, adaptation, and more.

The Politics of Polarisation

Author : Anna Bosco
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000646432
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Polarisation by : Anna Bosco

Download or read book The Politics of Polarisation written by Anna Bosco and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on Italy, Spain and Greece, this book explores the extent of polarisation, as well as its causes, characteristics and consequences. It investigates varied manifestations of polarised politics including leader polarisation, policy polarisation and affective polarisation as well as providing case studies of polarised elections taking place at multiple levels. In recent years, polarisation has been a key feature of South European politics. Deep antagonism has moved party leaders against each other, hindered parliamentary and governmental cooperation, and triggered a cascade effect of harsh divisions among elites and citizens. Beyond the left-right axis, the chapters in this volume highlight multiple dimensions around which parties and voters polarise: the split around sovereign bailouts in Greece, the territorial cleavage in Spain, the divisions around immigration and European integration in Italy. This volume offers essential understanding of the specific features of polarisation in different national contexts and the consequences for political competition and government instability. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of South European Society and Politics.

Welcome to Fairyland

Author : Julio Capó Jr.
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469635216
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Welcome to Fairyland by : Julio Capó Jr.

Download or read book Welcome to Fairyland written by Julio Capó Jr. and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poised on the edge of the United States and at the center of a wider Caribbean world, today's Miami is marketed as an international tourist hub that embraces gender and sexual difference. As Julio Capo Jr. shows in this fascinating history, Miami's transnational connections reveal that the city has been a queer borderland for over a century. In chronicling Miami's queer past from its 1896 founding through 1940, Capo shows the multifaceted ways gender and sexual renegades made the city their own. Drawing from a multilingual archive, Capo unearths the forgotten history of "fairyland," a marketing term crafted by boosters that held multiple meanings for different groups of people. In viewing Miami as a contested colonial space, he turns our attention to migrants and immigrants, tourism, and trade to and from the Caribbean--particularly the Bahamas, Cuba, and Haiti--to expand the geographic and methodological parameters of urban and queer history. Recovering the world of Miami's old saloons, brothels, immigration checkpoints, borders, nightclubs, bars, and cruising sites, Capo makes clear how critical gender and sexual transgression is to understanding the city and the broader region in all its fullness.

Why INEGI? The saga of a Mexican institution in search of the truth

Author : Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía
Publisher : INEGI
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Why INEGI? The saga of a Mexican institution in search of the truth by : Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía

Download or read book Why INEGI? The saga of a Mexican institution in search of the truth written by Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and published by INEGI. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, what is and how it has developed over time, since it was founded in 1983. The Institute is today an eminently technical and at the same time autonomous body of the Mexican State.Beyond a chronology of events, this book raises two needs that have marked the Institute's evolution: the first, to properly measure the many components of reality, whether social, economic or natural; and the second, decisive for the public's trust and whose absence would invalidate the purposes of the previous need, to preserve the information from any consideration, other than strictly professional, in all stages of its production and dissemination.This work conveys INEGI's transcendence as an indispensable institution for the country to respond to the fundamental question, common to all human beings: to know and understand the reality of their environment.

Anthropological Perspectives on Global Challenges

Author : Emma Gilberthorpe
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003838472
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropological Perspectives on Global Challenges by : Emma Gilberthorpe

Download or read book Anthropological Perspectives on Global Challenges written by Emma Gilberthorpe and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-28 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a snapshot of anthropological perspectives on global challenges. Whilst it could not hope to represent the full scope of anthropological perspectives, those that are presented highlight some of the critical flaws embedded in such an all-encompassing notion. The contributors reveal the possibilities of reimagining the ways in which ‘challenges’ are understood and addressed and demonstrate how a combination of deep understanding of the past and collaboration, cooperation and inclusive dialogue about the future, can improve the chances of positive action. The collection thus not only shows us that perspectives must change, but also how that change might be realised. Whilst the chapters are authored solely by anthropologists, this book is not solely for anthropologists. The book is illustrative of the practical and theoretical insights that anthropology can offer those individuals, teams, and policy- and decision-makers engaged in research, mitigation and/or intervention practices in relation to the global challenges. Beyond academia, it contributes to broader understandings of the challenges we collectively face at this point in time and how we might collectively and effectively address them.

Towards an Ecological Intellectual Property

Author : David J Jefferson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000089622
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Towards an Ecological Intellectual Property by : David J Jefferson

Download or read book Towards an Ecological Intellectual Property written by David J Jefferson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on analysing how legal systems set the terms for interactions between human beings and plants. The story that the book recounts is one of experimental lawmaking in Ecuador, a country where over the past decade, governmental officials and civil society advocates have attempted to reconfigure how human individuals and institutions relate to nature, by following an "eco-centric" approach to lawmaking. In doing so, Ecuadorian legislators, administrators, and judges have taken seriously the ontologies of non-human entities, including plants, through a process that has required the continuous navigation of tensions with certain "logics" that pervade conventional legal regimes. The book endeavours to disrupt these conventional assumptions and approaches to lawmaking by taking seriously alternative strategies to reconstitute interactions between people and plants. In doing so, the book argues in favour of an "ecological turn" in laws that govern vegetal life. The analysis is based on a close examination of the experiences that lawmakers in Ecuador have had when experimenting with innovative approaches to re-form relationships between human and non-human beings. Concretely, these experiments have yielded constitutional, legislative, and regulatory changes that inform the inquiry of how intellectual property and plant genetic resources laws – both in Ecuador and worldwide – could become more "ecological" in nature. The argument that the book develops is based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and empirical research in Ecuador, complemented by archival and doctrinal legal analysis. The contents of the book will be of interest to an academic audience of legal scholars and postgraduate students in law, in addition to scholars and students in the fields of anthropology, sociology, socio-legal studies, and science and technology studies.

Democratic Latin America

Author : Craig L. Arceneaux
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000198820
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Democratic Latin America by : Craig L. Arceneaux

Download or read book Democratic Latin America written by Craig L. Arceneaux and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of Democratic Latin America retains its classic institutional approach to understand contemporary Latin American politics. Each chapter focuses on a different institution and compares how they are constructed differently across countries. Placing a premium on accessibility, the chapters open with a story and end with a detailed country case study, making use of contemporary examples to feed student interest in current events, with comparison-based tables and box features interspersed throughout to stimulate analysis. Every chapter finishes with a set of questions and recommended readings. This approach allows for a very practical approach to politics that encourages critical analysis. Updates to this new edition include: updated comparison-based tables and box features to stimulate analysis; new "Country in the Spotlight" to include developments unique to each country; and discussions on political change in Cuba, indigenous peoples and political power, neopopulism, impeachment procedures, transitional justice, the 2019 protests, the new militarism, the mobilization of women against violence, LGBT rights, the evangelical movement, and the Colombian peace process. A clear-eyed look at political institutions to provide a roadmap to the political activity in a country, Democratic Latin America continues to offer an original way of teaching and learning about Latin American politics.

Social Security Law in Spain

Author : Thais Guerrero Padrón et al.
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403549106
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Security Law in Spain by : Thais Guerrero Padrón et al.

Download or read book Social Security Law in Spain written by Thais Guerrero Padrón et al. and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book describes the social security regime in Spain. It conveys a clear working knowledge of the legal mechanics affecting health care, employment injuries and occupational diseases, incapacity to work, pensions, survivors’ benefits, unemployment benefits and services, and family benefits. The analysis covers the field of application, conditions for entitlement, calculation of benefits, financing, the institutional framework, and relevant law enforcement and controls. Allowances for retirees, employees, public sector workers, the self-employed, and the handicapped are all clearly explained, along with full details of claims, adjudication procedures, and appeals. Succinct yet eminently practical, the book will be a valuable resource for lawyers handling social security matters in Spain. It will be of practical utility to those both in public service and private practice called on to develop and to apply social security law and policy, and of special interest as a contribution to the comparative study of social security systems.

Prosecutors, Voters and the Criminalization of Corruption in Latin America

Author : Ezequiel A. Gonzalez-Ocantos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009329790
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Prosecutors, Voters and the Criminalization of Corruption in Latin America by : Ezequiel A. Gonzalez-Ocantos

Download or read book Prosecutors, Voters and the Criminalization of Corruption in Latin America written by Ezequiel A. Gonzalez-Ocantos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-06 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lava Jato, a transnational bribery case that started in Brazil and spread throughout Latin America, upended elections and collapsed governments. Why did the investigation gain momentum in some countries but not others? The book traces reforms that enhanced prosecutors' capacity to combat white-collar crime and shows that Lava Jato became a full-blown anti-corruption crusade where reforms were coupled with the creation of aggressive taskforces. For some, prosecutors' unconventional methods were necessary and justified. Others saw dangerous affronts to due process and democracy. Given these controversies, how did voters react to a once-in-a-generation attempt to clean politics? Can prosecutors trigger hope, conveying a message of possible regeneration? Or does aggressive prosecution erode the tacit consensus around the merits of anti-corruption? Prosecutors, Voters and The Criminalization of Corruption in Latin America is a study of the impact of accountability through criminalization, one that dissects the drivers and dilemmas of resolute transparency efforts.

Meltdown

Author : Jorge Daniel Taillant
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190080353
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Meltdown by : Jorge Daniel Taillant

Download or read book Meltdown written by Jorge Daniel Taillant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hear about pieces of ice the size of continents breaking off of Antarctica, rapidly melting glaciers in the Himalayas, and ice sheets in the Arctic crumbling to the sea, but does it really matter? Will melting glaciers change our lives? Absolutely. Glaciers are built and destroyed during ice ages and interglacial periods. These massive ice bodies hold three quarters of our freshwater, yet we don't have laws to protect them from climate change. When they melt, they increase sea levels, alter the Earth's reflectivity, wreak havoc for ocean and air currents, destabilize global ecosystems, warm our climate, and bring on floods that swamp millions of acres of coastal land. The critical ecological role they play to keep our global climate stable, and the environmental functions they provide, wither. And, as climate change warms glacier cores, collapsing glacier ice triggers tsunamis that send deadly massive ice blocks, rocks, earth, and billions of liters of water rushing down mountain valleys. It has happened before in the Himalayas, the Central Andes, the Rockies and Western Cascades, and the European Alps, and it will happen again. In his new book Meltdown, Jorge Daniel Taillant takes readers deeper into the cryosphere, connecting the dots between climate change, glacier melt, and the impacts that receding glacier ice brings to livability on Earth, to our environments, and to our communities. Taillant walks us through the little-known realm of the periglacial environment, a world of invisible subsurface rock glaciers that will outlive exposed glaciers as climate change destroys surface ice. He also looks at actions that can help stop climate change and save glaciers, exploring how society, politics, and our leaders have responded to address the global COVID-19 pandemic and yet largely continue to fail to address the even largerlooming and escalatingcrisis of climate change. Our climate is deteriorating at a drastic rate, and it's happening right in front of us. Meltdown is about glaciers and their unfolding demise during one of the most critical moments of our planet's geological history. If we can reconsider glaciers in a whole new light and understand the critical role they play in our own sustainability, we may be able to save the cryosphere.

Data Protection and Privacy, Volume 12

Author : Dara Hallinan
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509932763
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Data Protection and Privacy, Volume 12 by : Dara Hallinan

Download or read book Data Protection and Privacy, Volume 12 written by Dara Hallinan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subjects of this volume are more relevant than ever, especially in light of the raft of electoral scandals concerning voter profiling. This volume brings together papers that offer conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the twelfth annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy and Data Protection, CPDP, held in Brussels in January 2019. The book explores the following topics: dataset nutrition labels, lifelogging and privacy by design, data protection iconography, the substance and essence of the right to data protection, public registers and data protection, modelling and verification in data protection impact assessments, examination scripts and data protection law in Cameroon, the protection of children's digital rights in the GDPR, the concept of the scope of risk in the GDPR and the ePrivacy Regulation. This interdisciplinary book has been written at a time when the scale and impact of data processing on society – not only on individuals, but also on social systems – is becoming ever starker. It discusses open issues as well as daring and prospective approaches, and will serve as an insightful resource for readers with an interest in computers, privacy and data protection.

Civilian Protective Agency in Violent Settings

Author : Jana Krause
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192866710
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Civilian Protective Agency in Violent Settings by : Jana Krause

Download or read book Civilian Protective Agency in Violent Settings written by Jana Krause and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-28 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half the world's population live in violent settings, such as civil wars, communal conflicts, cities plagued by gang violence, and entire areas governed by criminal organizations. Living exposed to diverse forms of violence, individuals and communities have found innovative-and sometimes counterintuitive-ways to protect themselves and others. Civilian Protective Agency in Violent Settings establishes the study of civilian agency and its protective dimension across various violent settings as a systematic and unified field of research. It brings together researchers spanning several social science disciplines to study civilian protective agency in different violent settings, including civil war, genocide, communal violence, and organized crime, and in various geographical locations, from Syria to Mozambique, Sri Lanka to Mexico, Iraq to Colombia and Western Europe. The volume offers conceptual foundations, new theoretical insights, and detailed empirics that advance our understanding of civilian protective agency and promote future research on the topic that is comparable, tractable, and cumulative.

Implementing Automation Initiatives in Companies to Create Better-Connected Experiences

Author : Remondes, Jorge
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1668455404
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Implementing Automation Initiatives in Companies to Create Better-Connected Experiences by : Remondes, Jorge

Download or read book Implementing Automation Initiatives in Companies to Create Better-Connected Experiences written by Remondes, Jorge and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital transformation is spreading throughout every industry all over the world. Acquiring new technologies to use within business practices increases productivity and strengthens the connection between businesses and their consumers. The digital transformation process and automation promotion must be intensified and explored globally so that economies can grow and develop, providing a better quality of life for their populations. Implementing Automation Initiatives in Companies to Create Better-Connected Experiences explores the most current and decisive topics for business and academia. It evaluates the ways in which automation and connectivity help the decision-making process of companies and the learning process for students and researchers. Covering topics such as consumer behavior, omnichannel retailing, and metaverse applications in business, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for business executives and managers, IT managers, marketers, agencies, government officials, students and faculty of higher education, researchers, and academia.

Constitutional Reasoning in Latin America and the Caribbean

Author : Johanna Fröhlich
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 150996018X
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutional Reasoning in Latin America and the Caribbean by : Johanna Fröhlich

Download or read book Constitutional Reasoning in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Johanna Fröhlich and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-09-05 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the reasoning practice of 15 constitutional courts and supreme courts, including the Caribbean Commonwealth and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Enriched by empirical data, with which it strives to contribute to a constructive and well-informed debate, the volume analyses how Latin American courts justify their decisions. Based on original data and a region-specific methodology, the book provides a systematic analysis utilising more than 600 leading cases. It shows which interpretive methods and concepts are most favoured by Latin American courts, and which courts were the most prolific in their reasoning activities. The volume traces the features of judicial dialogue on a regional and sub-regional level and enables the evaluation and comparison of each country's reasoning culture in different epochs. The collection includes several graphs to visualise the changes and tendencies of the reasoning practices throughout time in the region, based on information gathered from the dataset. To better understand the current functioning and the future tendencies of courts in Latin America and the Caribbean, the volume illuminates how constitutional and supreme courts have actually been making their decisions in the selected landmark cases, which could also contribute to future successful litigation strategies for both national constitutional courts and the Inter-American Court for Human Rights. This project was made possible due to the collaboration and funding provided by the Rule of Law Programme for Latin America of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and the Law School of the University of San Francisco de Quito.

The Economics of Catalan Separatism

Author : Ferran Brunet
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031144511
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Catalan Separatism by : Ferran Brunet

Download or read book The Economics of Catalan Separatism written by Ferran Brunet and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the economic consequences of the regional government of Catalonia's challenge to democracy and the rule of law in Spain. This process, started in 2010, culminated in a coup d'état in the autumn of 2017. The book has three parts. First: The circumstances behind the challenge: economic structure, social and political aspects. Second: The economic impacts of the resulting huge political instability and social polarisation, and the downturn in GDP, investment, competitiveness, Barcelona's appeal, and flight of companies and banks to Madrid. Third: Independence would mean collapse of trade with the rest of Spain and the EU, expulsion from the eurozone, fall of GDP, plummeting tax revenue, soaring unemployment and, finally, conversion of this hypothetical new Catalonia into a failed, vassal and totalitarian state. This book is destined to be the foremost work of reference on the consequences of the separatist threat to Spain, including Catalonia's current decline.