Jp Morgan Trading Losses

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781480152748
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (527 download)

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Book Synopsis Jp Morgan Trading Losses by : Gary Shorter

Download or read book Jp Morgan Trading Losses written by Gary Shorter and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-10-20 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 10, 2012, JP Morgan disclosed that it had lost more than $2 billion by trading financial derivatives. Jamie Dimon, CEO and chairman of JP Morgan, reported that the bank's Chief Investment Office (CIO) executed the trades to hedge the firm's overall credit exposure as part of the bank's asset liability management program (ALM). The CIO operated within the depository subsidiary of JP Morgan, although its offices were in London. The funding for the trades came from what JP Morgan characterized as excess deposits, which are the difference between deposits held by the bank and its commercial loans. The trading losses resulted from an attempt to unwind a previous hedge investment, although the precise details remain unconfirmed. The losses occurred in part because the CIO chose to place a new counter-hedge position, rather than simply unwind the original position. In 2007 and 2008, JP Morgan had bought an index tied to credit default swaps on a broad index of high-grade corporate bonds. In general, this index would tend to protect JP Morgan if general economic conditions worsened (or systemic risk increased) because the perceived health of highgrade firms would tend to deteriorate with the economy. In 2011, the CIO decided to change the firm's position by implementing a new counter trade. Because this new trade was not identical to the earlier trades, it introduced basis risk and market risk, among other potential problems. It is this second “hedge on a hedge” that is responsible for the losses in 2012. Several financial regulators are responsible for overseeing elements of the JP Morgan trading losses. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is the primary prudential regulator of federally chartered depository banks and their ALM activities, including the CIO of JP Morgan, even though it is located in London. The Federal Reserve is the prudential regulator of JP Morgan's holding company, although it would tend to defer to the primary prudential regulators of the firm's subsidiaries for significant regulation of those entities. The Federal Reserve also regulates systemic risk aspects of large financial firms such as JP Morgan. The CIO must comply with Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) regulations because it is part of the insured depository. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) oversees JP Morgan's required disclosures to the firm's stockholders regarding material risks and losses such as the trades. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) regulates trading in swaps and financial derivatives. The heads of these agencies coordinate through the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), which is chaired by the Secretary of Treasury. The trading losses may have implications for a number of financial regulatory issues. For example, should the exemption to the Volcker Rule for hedging be interpreted broadly enough to encompass general portfolio hedges like the JP Morgan trades, or should hedging be limited to more specific risks? Are current regulations of large financial firms the appropriate balance to address perceptions that some firms are too-big-to-fail? The trading losses raise concerns about the calculation and reporting of risk by large financial firms. JP Morgan changed its value at risk (VaR) model during the time of the trading losses. Some are concerned that VaR models may not adequately address potential risks. Some are concerned that the change in reporting of the VaR at JP Morgan's CIO may not have provided adequate disclosures of the potential risks that JP Morgan faced. Such disclosures are governed by securities laws.

The JPMorgan Chase Whale Trades

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Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781626187689
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (876 download)

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Book Synopsis The JPMorgan Chase Whale Trades by : Mikkel Skovgaard

Download or read book The JPMorgan Chase Whale Trades written by Mikkel Skovgaard and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: JPMorgan Chase & Company is the largest financial holding company in the United States, with $2.4 trillion in assets. It is also the largest derivatives dealer in the world and the largest single participant in world credit derivatives markets. JPMorgan Chase has consistently portrayed itself as an expert in risk management with a "fortress balance sheet" that ensures taxpayers have nothing to fear from its banking activities, including its extensive dealing in derivatives. But in early 2012, the bank's Chief Investment Office (CIO), which is charged with managing $350 billion in excess deposits, placed a massive bet on a complex set of synthetic credit derivatives that, in 2012, lost at least $6.2 billion. The CIO's losses were the result of the so-called "London Whale" trades executed by traders in its London office; trades so large in size that they roiled world credit markets. This book provides an overview and background of the investigation of derivatives risks and abuses relating to the JPMorgan Chase Whale traders with accompanying testimony given before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.

When Genius Failed

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Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
ISBN 13 : 0375758259
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis When Genius Failed by : Roger Lowenstein

Download or read book When Genius Failed written by Roger Lowenstein and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2001-10-09 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A riveting account that reaches beyond the market landscape to say something universal about risk and triumph, about hubris and failure.”—The New York Times NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY BUSINESSWEEK In this business classic—now with a new Afterword in which the author draws parallels to the recent financial crisis—Roger Lowenstein captures the gripping roller-coaster ride of Long-Term Capital Management. Drawing on confidential internal memos and interviews with dozens of key players, Lowenstein explains not just how the fund made and lost its money but also how the personalities of Long-Term’s partners, the arrogance of their mathematical certainties, and the culture of Wall Street itself contributed to both their rise and their fall. When it was founded in 1993, Long-Term was hailed as the most impressive hedge fund in history. But after four years in which the firm dazzled Wall Street as a $100 billion moneymaking juggernaut, it suddenly suffered catastrophic losses that jeopardized not only the biggest banks on Wall Street but the stability of the financial system itself. The dramatic story of Long-Term’s fall is now a chilling harbinger of the crisis that would strike all of Wall Street, from Lehman Brothers to AIG, a decade later. In his new Afterword, Lowenstein shows that LTCM’s implosion should be seen not as a one-off drama but as a template for market meltdowns in an age of instability—and as a wake-up call that Wall Street and government alike tragically ignored. Praise for When Genius Failed “[Roger] Lowenstein has written a squalid and fascinating tale of world-class greed and, above all, hubris.”—BusinessWeek “Compelling . . . The fund was long cloaked in secrecy, making the story of its rise . . . and its ultimate destruction that much more fascinating.”—The Washington Post “Story-telling journalism at its best.”—The Economist

High Performance with High Integrity

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Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1422122956
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (221 download)

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Book Synopsis High Performance with High Integrity by : Benjamin W. Heineman

Download or read book High Performance with High Integrity written by Benjamin W. Heineman and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This Memo to the CEO explains why the fusion of high performance with high integrity is the foundation of the contemporary corporation, and why it is necessary - not only to avoid the catastrophic impact of integrity lapses, but to sustain companies in today's ruthlessly competitive environment." "This Memo reframes crucial debates on corporate governance, pay for CEO performance, and the real sources of business ethics. It provides senior executives with a much-needed blueprint for fusing the twin goals of capitalism - high performance with high integrity - in the high-speed, high-pressure twenty-first-century global economy."--Jacket.

Fool's Gold

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439100756
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Fool's Gold by : Gillian Tett

Download or read book Fool's Gold written by Gillian Tett and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-05-12 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From award-winning Financial Times journalist Gillian Tett, who enraged Wall Street leaders with her news-breaking warnings of a crisis more than a year ahead of the curve, Fool’s Gold tells the astonishing unknown story at the heart of the 2008 meltdown. Drawing on exclusive access to J.P. Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon and a tightly bonded team of bankers known on Wall Street as the “Morgan Mafia,” as well as in-depth interviews with dozens of other key players, including Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, Gillian Tett brings to life in gripping detail how the Morgan team’s bold ideas for a whole new kind of financial alchemy helped to ignite a revolution in banking, and how that revolution escalated wildly out of control. The story begins with the intense Morgan brainstorming session in 1994 beside a pool in Boca Raton, where the team cooked up a dazzling new idea for the exotic financial product known as credit derivatives. That idea would rip around the banking world, catapult Morgan to the top of the turbocharged derivatives trade, and fuel an extraordinary banking boom that seemed to have unleashed banks from ages-old constraints of risk. But when the Morgan team’s derivatives dream collided with the housing boom—and was perverted through hubris, delusion, and sheer greed by titans of banking that included Citigroup, UBS, Deutsche Bank, and Merrill Lynch—catastrophe followed. Tett’s access to Dimon and the J.P. Morgan leaders who so skillfully steered their bank away from the wild excesses of others sheds invaluable light not only on the untold story of how they engineered their bank’s escape from carnage, but also on how possible it was for the larger banking world, regulators, and rating agencies to have spotted, and heeded, the terrible risks of a meltdown. A tale of blistering brilliance and willfully blind ambition, Fool’s Gold is both a rare journey deep inside the arcane and wildly competitive world of high finance and a vital contribution to understanding how the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression was perpetrated.

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report

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Publisher : Cosimo, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1616405414
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report by : Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission

Download or read book The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report written by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.

Last Man Standing

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439109710
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Last Man Standing by : Duff McDonald

Download or read book Last Man Standing written by Duff McDonald and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the midst of the most disastrous economic climate of Wall Street’s history, one executive has weathered the storm more deftly than any other: Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase. In 2008, while Dimon’s competitors watched their companies crumble, JPMorgan not only survived, it made an astonishing $5 billion profit. Dimon’s continued triumph in the face of an industry-wide meltdown has made him a paragon of finance. In Last Man Standing, award-winning journalist Duff McDonald provides an unprecedented and deeply personal look at the extraordinary figure behind JPMorgan’s success. Using countless hours of interviews with Dimon and his full circle of friends, family, and colleagues, this definitive biography is by far the most comprehensive portrait of the man known as the Savior of Wall Street. Now, in an updated prologue, McDonald offers insight into the future of Wall Street and how Dimon will overcome the challenge of aggressive new regulation from Washington—and how he plans to continue to thrive as the world’s preeminent banker.

JPMorgan Chase London Whale B

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis JPMorgan Chase London Whale B by : Arwin G. Zeissler

Download or read book JPMorgan Chase London Whale B written by Arwin G. Zeissler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After consistently producing positive results through 2011, the JPMorgan Chase (JPM) traders who oversaw the bank's Synthetic Credit Portfolio (SCP) grew alarmed by a consistent string of losses beginning in January 2012. (The SCP was maintained by JPM to help hedge default risk and was the source of the 2012 London Whale trading loss.) To minimize the losses reported to their superiors until such time that market prices hopefully turned in their favor, the SCP traders began valuing their largest derivative positions in a manner that was not consistent with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and JPM policy. The fair values recorded by the SCP traders were reviewed by the Valuation Control Group, as required by banking regulators, and by JPM's Controller, but neither review raised any objection. However, after the JPM Task Force that investigated the 2012 London Whale incident uncovered evidence that the SCP traders had not estimated fair values in good faith, the bank restated its 1st quarter 2012 earnings on July 13, reducing consolidated total net revenue by $660 million (2.5%), which in turn reduced after-tax net income by $459 million (8.5%).

JPMorgan Chase Whale Trades

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis JPMorgan Chase Whale Trades by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations

Download or read book JPMorgan Chase Whale Trades written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Inside Counsel Revolution

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Publisher : Ankerwycke
ISBN 13 : 9781634252799
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (527 download)

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Book Synopsis The Inside Counsel Revolution by : Benjamin W. Heineman

Download or read book The Inside Counsel Revolution written by Benjamin W. Heineman and published by Ankerwycke. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the past 25 years, there has been a revolution in the legal profession. General Counsel and other inside lawyers have risen in quality, responsibility, power and status. Once second-class citizens in corporations and the legal profession, they have become core members of top corporate management, equaling in importance the Chief Financial Officer and the finance function. They have dramatically shifted power from law firms to corporate law departments, assuming strategic direction over legal matters and exercising for greater control over law firm billing and economics. Ben W. Heineman Jr. has led that revolution in his nearly 20 years as the top lawyer at General Electric and then in teaching and writing as a Distinguished Senior Fellow at Harvard Law School's Programs on the Legal Profession and Corporate Governance and as a lecturer at Yale Law School. In this analytic and prescriptive book, he describes the essence of that transformation and the modern role of inside counsel in helping attain the corporate mission of high performance with high integrity: the key functions, relationships, issues, problems and dilemmas. He argues for the role of inside counsel as lawyer-statesman and as a partner of the CEO but also guardian of the corporation, motivated not just by the desire for income but by broader values of integrity and corporate citizenship. The Inside Counsel Revolution is a succinct, concrete yet visionary statement of first principles from a highly regarded founder of the in-house revolution that fundamentally changed the legal profession and reframed the lawyer-statesman role in this era to serve the performance, integrity and risk goals of global capitalism"--Unedited summary from book jacket.

Bail-ins and Bank Resolution in Europe

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Publisher : Geneva Reports on the World Ec
ISBN 13 : 9781912179008
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Bail-ins and Bank Resolution in Europe by : Thomas Philippon

Download or read book Bail-ins and Bank Resolution in Europe written by Thomas Philippon and published by Geneva Reports on the World Ec. This book was released on 2017 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 4th Special Report in the Geneva Reports on the World Economy series reviews the current status of bail-ins and bank resolution in Europe. It first provides a critical comparison of the US and EU bank resolution rules, including the underlying similarities, differences and enhancement points of both frameworks. It then goes on to focus on European banking failures, providing estimates of taxpayer costs and considering the hypothetical application of stronger private sector bail-in consistent with the spirit of the Bank Resolution and Recovery Directive. The report ends with a number of policy recommendations concerning governance, stress testing, cross-border issues and resolution of financial contracts.

JP Morgan Chase and the London Whale

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis JP Morgan Chase and the London Whale by : Jayanth R. Varma

Download or read book JP Morgan Chase and the London Whale written by Jayanth R. Varma and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Exile on Wall Street

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118115465
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Exile on Wall Street by : Mike Mayo

Download or read book Exile on Wall Street written by Mike Mayo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider points out the holes that still exist on Wall Street and in the banking system Exile on Wall Street is a gripping read for anyone with an interest in business and finance, U.S. capitalism, the future of banking, and the root causes of the financial meltdown. Award winning, veteran sell side Wall Street analyst Mike Mayo writes about one of the biggest financial and political issues of our time – the role of finance and banks in the US. He has worked at six Wall Street firms, analyzing banks and protesting against bad practices for two decades. In Exile on Wall Street, Mayo: Lays out practices that have diminished capitalism and the banking sector Shares his battle scars from calling truth to power at some of the largest banks in the world and how he survived challenging the status quo to be credited as one of the few who saw the crisis coming Blows the lid off the true inner workings of the big banks and shows the ways in which Wall Street is just as bad today as it was pre-crash. Analyzes the fallout stemming from the market crash, pointing out the numerous holes that still exist in the system, and offers practical solutions. While it provides an education, this is no textbook. It is also an invaluable resource for finance practitioners and citizens alike.

JPMorgan Chase London Whale G

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis JPMorgan Chase London Whale G by : Arwin G. Zeissler

Download or read book JPMorgan Chase London Whale G written by Arwin G. Zeissler and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December 2013, the primary United States financial regulatory agencies jointly adopted final rules to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which is often referred to as the “Volcker Rule”. Section 619 prohibits banks from engaging in activities considered to be particularly risky, including proprietary trading and owning hedge funds or private equity funds. Banking regulators designed the final rule against proprietary trading in part to prevent losses like the $6 billion London Whale loss that took place in 2012 at JPMorgan Chase. Given the controversial nature of the Volcker Rule, it is not surprising that the regulatory agencies received 18,000 comment letters, including a 67-page letter from JPMorgan Chase.

Global Derivative Debacles: From Theory To Malpractice

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814338451
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Derivative Debacles: From Theory To Malpractice by : Laurent L Jacque

Download or read book Global Derivative Debacles: From Theory To Malpractice written by Laurent L Jacque and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-04-21 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes in depth all major derivatives debacles of the last half century including the multi-billion losses and/or bankruptcy of Metallgesellschaft (1994), Barings Bank (1995), Long Term Capital Management (1998), Amaranth (2006), Société Générale (2008) and AIG (2008). It unlocks the secrets of derivatives by telling the stories of institutions which played in the derivative market and lost big. For some of these unfortunate organizations it was daring but flawed financial engineering which brought them havoc. For others it was unbridled speculation perpetrated by rogue traders whose unchecked fraud brought their house down.Should derivatives be feared “as financial weapons of mass destruction” or hailed as financial innovations which through efficient risk transfer are truly adding to the Wealth of Nations? By presenting a factual analysis of how the malpractice of derivatives played havoc with derivative end-user and dealer institutions, a case is made for vigilance not only to market and counter-party risk but also operational risk in their use for risk management and proprietary trading. Clear and recurring lessons across the different stories call not only for a tighter but also “smarter” control system of derivatives trading and should be of immediate interest to financial managers, bankers, traders, auditors and regulators who are directly or indirectly exposed to financial derivatives.The book groups cases by derivative category, starting with the simplest and building up to the most complex — namely, Forwards, Futures, Options and Swaps in that order, with applications in commodities, foreign exchange, stock indices and interest rates. Each chapter deals with one derivative debacle, providing a rigorous and comprehensive but non-technical elucidation of what happened.The book is translated and available in French, Russian, Simplified Chinese and Korean.

Off-Balance Sheet Activities

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313366683
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Off-Balance Sheet Activities by : Joshua Ronen

Download or read book Off-Balance Sheet Activities written by Joshua Ronen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1990-11-30 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of Off-Balance Sheet Activities is to gain insights into, and propose meaningful solutions to, those issues raised by the current proliferation of off-balance sheet transactions. The book has its origins in a New York University conference that focused on this topic. Jointly undertaken by the Vincent C. Ross Institute of Accounting Research and New York University's Salomon Center for the study of Financial Institutions at the Stern School of Business, the conference brought together academic researchers and practitioners in the field of accounting and finance to address the issues with the broad-mindedness requisite of a group whose approaches to solutions are as different from each other as their respectively theoretical and applied approaches to the disciplines of finance and accounting. The essays are divided into two sections. The first covers issues surrounding OBS activities and banking and begins with a brief introduction that places the essays into context. OBS activities and the underinvestment problem, whether loan sales are really OBS, and money demand and OBS liquidity are examined in detail. Section two, which also begins with a brief introduction, focuses on issues of securitized assets and financing. A report on recognition and measurement issues in accounting for securitized assets is followed by three separate discussion essays. Other subjects covered include contract theoretic analysis of OBS financing, the use of OBS financing to circumvent financial covenant restrictions, and debt contracting and financial contracting. The latter two contributions are also followed by discussion essays. This unique collection of papers will prove to be an interesting and valuable tool for accounting and finance professionals as well as for academics involved in these fields. It will also be an important addition to public, college, and university libraries.

Guardians of Finance

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262526840
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Guardians of Finance by : James R. Barth

Download or read book Guardians of Finance written by James R. Barth and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the unaccountable, unmonitorable, and unchecked actions of regulators precipitated the global financial crisis; and how to reform the system. The recent financial crisis was an accident, a “perfect storm” fueled by an unforeseeable confluence of events that unfortunately combined to bring down the global financial systems. Or at least this is the story told and retold by a chorus of luminaries that includes Timothy Geithner, Henry Paulson, Robert Rubin, Ben Bernanke, and Alan Greenspan. In Guardians of Finance, economists James Barth, Gerard Caprio, and Ross Levine argue that the financial meltdown of 2007 to 2009 was no accident; it was negligent homicide. They show that senior regulatory officials around the world knew or should have known that their policies were destabilizing the global financial system and yet chose not to act until the crisis had fully emerged. Barth, Caprio, and Levine propose a reform to counter this systemic failure: the establishment of a “Sentinel” to provide an informed, expert, and independent assessment of financial regulation. Its sole power would be to demand information and to evaluate it from the perspective of the public—rather than that of the financial industry, the regulators, or politicians.