John, Jesus, and the Renewal of Israel

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Author :
Publisher : Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
ISBN 13 : 080286872X
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis John, Jesus, and the Renewal of Israel by : Richard Horsley

Download or read book John, Jesus, and the Renewal of Israel written by Richard Horsley and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Richard Horsley and Tom Thatcher trace the Gospel of John's portrayal of Jesus as a prophet of renewal by reading the text against a double backdrop -- the social history of Roman Palestine and the media world of John. This innovative study is the first to consider the Gospel of John as story in the ancient media context of oral communication and oral performance. Horsley and Thatcher creatively combine concerns from the fields of Jesus studies and ancient media studies in their analysis. Taking the main conflict evident in John's story of Jesus as the key to its plot, they discern how this Gospel -- usually read as "spiritual" -- portrays Jesus engaged in a concrete program of renewal and resistance.

The Prophet Jesus and the Renewal of Israel

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Author :
Publisher : Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1467436909
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (674 download)

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Book Synopsis The Prophet Jesus and the Renewal of Israel by : Richard Horsley

Download or read book The Prophet Jesus and the Renewal of Israel written by Richard Horsley and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debate over whether or not Jesus can be best interpreted within an "apocalyptic scenario" has continued to dominate historical Jesus studies since Schweitzer and Bultmann. In The Prophet Jesus and the Renewal of Israel Richard Horsley shows that the apocalyptic scenario -- with its supposed expectation of "the end of the world," the fiery "last judgment," and "the parousia of the Son of Man" -- is a modern scholarly construct that obscures the particulars of texts, society, and history. Drawing on his wide-ranging earlier scholarship, Horsley refocuses and reformulates investigation of the historical Jesus in a thoroughly relational-contextual approach. He recognizes that the sources for the historical Jesus are not separate sayings, but rather the sustained Gospel narratives of Jesus' mission. Horsley's new approach finds Jesus the popular prophet engaged in a movement of renewal, resistance, and judgment against Roman imperialism, Jerusalem rulers, and the Pharisees.

What is Reformed Theology?

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Author :
Publisher : Baker Books
ISBN 13 : 1585586528
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (855 download)

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Book Synopsis What is Reformed Theology? by : R. C. Sproul

Download or read book What is Reformed Theology? written by R. C. Sproul and published by Baker Books. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Do the Five Points of Calvinism Really Mean? Many have heard of Reformed theology, but may not be certain what it is. Some references to it have been positive, some negative. It appears to be important, and they'd like to know more about it. But they want a full, understandable explanation, not a simplistic one. What Is Reformed Theology? is an accessible introduction to beliefs that have been immensely influential in the evangelical church. In this insightful book, R. C. Sproul walks readers through the foundations of the Reformed doctrine and explains how the Reformed belief is centered on God, based on God's Word, and committed to faith in Jesus Christ. Sproul explains the five points of Reformed theology and makes plain the reality of God's amazing grace.

The Jeremiah Study Bible, NIV

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Author :
Publisher : Worthy Books
ISBN 13 : 9781683973041
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jeremiah Study Bible, NIV by : Dr. David Jeremiah

Download or read book The Jeremiah Study Bible, NIV written by Dr. David Jeremiah and published by Worthy Books. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The clarity, accuracy, and literary grace of the NIV text alongside the teaching of Dr. David Jeremiah creates an interrelationship that is so essential to understanding the complete biblical message and what is says, what it means, and what it means to you. The result is a Bible that can be read and used by all Christians who want to grow in their faith by going deeper into God’s Word.

Revelation

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Author :
Publisher : Canongate Books
ISBN 13 : 0857861018
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (578 download)

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Book Synopsis Revelation by :

Download or read book Revelation written by and published by Canongate Books. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final book of the Bible, Revelation prophesies the ultimate judgement of mankind in a series of allegorical visions, grisly images and numerological predictions. According to these, empires will fall, the "Beast" will be destroyed and Christ will rule a new Jerusalem. With an introduction by Will Self.

Reading the Gospel of John through Palestinian Eyes

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Author :
Publisher : Langham Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1783687932
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis Reading the Gospel of John through Palestinian Eyes by : Yohanna Katanacho

Download or read book Reading the Gospel of John through Palestinian Eyes written by Yohanna Katanacho and published by Langham Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-29 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christians from diverse cultural, religious, and political contexts have been studying the Gospel of John for almost two thousand years. In this insightful reflection on the Fourth Gospel, Rev Yohanna Katanacho invites us to encounter the text anew, this time from the perspective of a twenty-first century Palestinian Christian. Challenging the claim that Christ belongs to a particular denomination, nation, or race, Katanacho presents the Gospel of John as introducing a new world order. In John’s account of Jesus’s life, the rich history of Judaism is reinterpreted in light of the inclusive Christ, the fulfilment of Old Testament prophecies, teachings, and promises. Walking us through the reinterpretation of holy space, holy time, holy history, holy community, holy land, and life itself, Katanacho demonstrates how John’s gospel establishes a new identity for the people of God – an identity defined not by race or nationality but by suffering and love. Containing questions for reflection designed with preachers in mind, this accessible book will be a great help for Christians seeking to mine the beautiful riches of spiritual truth in this often-complicated gospel.

The Lost World of Genesis One

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Author :
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 0830861491
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lost World of Genesis One by : John H. Walton

Download or read book The Lost World of Genesis One written by John H. Walton and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2010-07-21 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this astute mix of cultural critique and biblical studies, John H. Walton presents and defends twenty propositions supporting a literary and theological understanding of Genesis 1 within the context of the ancient Near Eastern world and unpacks its implications for our modern scientific understanding of origins.

The Jewish Gospel of John

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781514392836
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jewish Gospel of John by : Eliyahu Lizorkin

Download or read book The Jewish Gospel of John written by Eliyahu Lizorkin and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-02 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Jewish Gospel of John is not, by any standard, another book on Jesus of Nazareth written from a Jewish perspective. It is an invitation to the reader to put aside their traditional understanding of the Gospel of John and to replace it with another one more faithful to the original text perspective. The Jesus that will emerge will provoke to rethink most of what you knew about this gospel. The book is a well-rounded verse-by-verse illustrated rethinking of the fourth gospel. Here is the catch: instead of reading it, as if it was written for 21 century Gentile Christians, the book interprets it as if it was written for the first-century peoples of ancient Israel. The book proves what Krister Stendahl stated long time ago: "Our vision is often more abstracted by what we think we know than by our lack of knowledge." Other than challenging the long-held interpretations of well-known stories, the author with the skill of an experienced tour guide, takes us to a seat within those who most probably heard this gospel read in the late first century. Such exploration of variety of important contexts allows us to recover for our generation the true riches of this marvelous Judean gospel."A genuine apologetic is one that is true to the texts and the history, akin to the speeches of a defense attorney with integrity. Using the best of contemporary scholarship in first-century Judaic history and contributing much of his own, Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg has demonstrated that the Gospel of John is not an anti-Jewish, but a thoroughly Jewish book."Daniel Boyarin, Hermann P. and Sophia Taubman Professor of Talmudic Culture, University of California, Berkeley"Dr. Lizorkin-Eyzenberg places the text of John's Gospel in its authentic context by examining the Dead Sea Scrolls, Philo, rabbinic literature, and suggesting innovative explanations for the nomenclature, 'the Jews.' His fresh analysis is sure to stir meaningful debate. His creative approach will make an enduring contribution to the discipline of New Testament studies." Brad Young, Professor of Biblical Literature in Judeao-Christian Studies, Oral Roberts University"For some time, research on the Gospels has suffered from stagnation, and there is a feeling that there is not much new that one can say. In light of this, Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg's new commentary on the Gospel of John, with its original outlook on the identity of the original audience and the issues at stake, is extremely refreshing." Ishay Rosen-Zvi, Head of the Talmud and Late Antiquity Department, Tel-Aviv University.

Why John Wrote a Gospel

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Author :
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1620326787
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Why John Wrote a Gospel by : Tom Thatcher

Download or read book Why John Wrote a Gospel written by Tom Thatcher and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nineteen hundred years ago, someone called the Beloved Disciple told stories about Jesus and his days on earth, including reports of what Jesus did and said. These stories had been todl for decades, but then someone took the stories and wrote them down, turning them from oral tradition into the book we know as the Gospel of John. Scholars have long concentrated on the content of this Fourth Gospel, analyzing how it differs from the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke and wondering how the different Gospels relate to the Jesus of history.Thatcher builds on all this previous scholarship to as new and exciting questions: Why was this Gospel written? Why would these followers of Jesus turn the oral stories into written Gospel? In exploring the reason for writing the Fourth Gospel, Thatcher focuses on how stories and written texts operate to reflect and to create memory with in groups of people. He uncovers how early Christians strove to remember Jesus in the decades after his ministry and how Christians came into conflict with one another about which memories were best.With this interest in the social memory of early Christians, Thatcher provides original insights into the Gospel of John and shows new answers to old questions. Writing in an engaging and accessible style, Thatcher uses numerous diagrams and modern parallels to show how Gospel texts shape the memory and identity of Christian communities, not only in the ancient world but today as well.

You Shall Not Bow Down and Serve Them

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Author :
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1666727067
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (667 download)

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Book Synopsis You Shall Not Bow Down and Serve Them by : Richard A. Horsley

Download or read book You Shall Not Bow Down and Serve Them written by Richard A. Horsley and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2021-11-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic justice is the core of the biblical tradition. In this innovative volume, Horsley takes the reader deep in examining how Jesus’ economic project was shaped in opposition to the Roman imperial order and how Paul’s development of communities around the Mediterranean was part of creating an alternative society among those subject to Rome. This analysis sets in the foreground the fundamental issues of food security, access to resources, and liberation. These movements emerged in opposition to Roman violence, political oppression, and economic extraction. This ultimately leads the author to consider how these issues are more relevant than ever in confronting the most recent form of empire in global capitalism. While we are not living in a Roman imperial world, we must strategize to confront the ways in which the new empire uses violence, oppression, and extraction to the detriment of the vast majority in the world, but especially those who are most vulnerable.

Talking Back to the Bible

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Author :
Publisher : Dorrance Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1480927090
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Talking Back to the Bible by : Edward G. Simmons

Download or read book Talking Back to the Bible written by Edward G. Simmons and published by Dorrance Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Talking Back to the Bible by Dr. Edward G. Simmons In a fascinating rumination, Edward G. Simmons combines a lifetime’s experiences and biblical research in a voice that is as comfortable and welcoming as if one was seated in an easy chair in his study. With his fierce intellect and honesty, Simmons layers his philosophical lessons with personal insights and the latest discoveries of science. “The audience, I hope, will be anyone who enjoys studying the Bible and prefers seeking new and challenging insights rather than devotional rehashing of traditional messages. Pastors, scholars, students, and anyone in quest of spiritual insight through Bible study should find these conversations entertaining, challenging, and inspirational. My hopes would be met if such readers found the insights presented here did indeed promote a stronger sense of relationship with God.” Edward G. Simmons

Jesus' Death in New Testament Thought: Two-Volume Complete Edition

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Author :
Publisher : David A. Brondos
ISBN 13 : 0692143181
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis Jesus' Death in New Testament Thought: Two-Volume Complete Edition by : David A. Brondos

Download or read book Jesus' Death in New Testament Thought: Two-Volume Complete Edition written by David A. Brondos and published by David A. Brondos. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jesus’ Death in New Testament Thought is unlike anything written on the subject to date. It represents a radical break with the traditional models or “theories” of atonement based on ideas such as penal substitution, participation in Christ, and the Christus Victor motif, claiming that all of these ideas as commonly understood are foreign to New Testament thought. On the basis of his analysis of second-temple Jewish thought, Brondos demonstrates that, for Jews in antiquity, what atoned for sins and led people to be declared righteous in God’s sight was not sacrifice, suffering, or death in themselves, but the renewed commitment to living in accordance with God’s will which they manifested by means of their sacrificial offerings and at times their willingness to endure suffering and death out of faithfulness to that will. According to the thought of Jesus’ first followers, in accordance with a divine plan conceived of before the ages, in Jesus God had sent his Son in order to establish around him a community of people fully committed to practicing the love, justice, solidarity, and righteousness associated with God’s will for all. Jesus’ dedication to this task led to confrontation and conflict with the powers and authorities of his day, who sought to silence him by having him put to death. Because he stood firm and remained faithful to that task rather than backing down from it, he was crucified on a Roman cross. Paradoxically, however, in this way he laid the basis for the existence of the community God had desired from the start, stamping it forever as one to which no one could truly belong without assuming the same firm commitment to Jesus and everything for which he had lived and died. Those who form part of this community, living out of faith under Jesus as their risen Lord, come to practice God’s will as redefined through Jesus and on that basis are forgiven and accepted as righteous by God. Thus, by giving up his life out of love for others in faithfulness to the task his Father had given him, Jesus has attained the redemption, reconciliation, cleansing, and justification of those who now live under his lordship as members of the worldwide community of believers from all nations that God has established through him and his death, in fulfillment of the promises that God had made of old to his people Israel. In Volume 1, Brondos looks to the relevant texts from antiquity to trace the background and development of these ideas. His argument will leave the reader with no doubt that Jesus’ first followers understood the salvific significance of his death or blood in the manner just outlined, and therefore that the traditional interpretations of his death that have prevailed from patristic times to the present do not reflect faithfully their thought as we find it in the New Testament. In Volume 2, Brondos examines the formulaic allusions to Jesus’ death that we find scattered throughout the New Testament and other early Christian writings so as to demonstrate that these are precisely the ideas that lie behind those allusions. At the same time, through his analysis of the writings of Melito of Sardis and Irenaeus of Lyons, he provides clear evidence that, by the late second century, ideas that are foreign to those texts began to be read back into them, with the result that the original understandings of Jesus’ death that had developed among his first followers came to be replaced by other understandings that run contrary to their thought. In his Conclusion, Brondos argues that only by rejecting the traditional models of atonement and returning to the New Testament teaching on this central doctrine can the Christian church respond effectively to the crisis it faces today and bring about the restoration of the type of communities envisioned by Jesus and his first followers.

A Theology of John's Gospel and Letters

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Author :
Publisher : Zondervan Academic
ISBN 13 : 0310523265
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theology of John's Gospel and Letters by : Andreas J. Kostenberger

Download or read book A Theology of John's Gospel and Letters written by Andreas J. Kostenberger and published by Zondervan Academic. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Theology of John’s Gospel and Letters introduces the first volume in the BTNT series. Building on many years of research and study in Johannine literature, Andreas Köstenberger not only furnishes an exhaustive theology of John’s Gospel and letters, but also provides a detailed study of major themes and relates them to the Synoptic Gospels and other New Testament books. Readers will gain an in-depth and holistic grasp of Johannine theology in the larger context of the Bible. D. A. Carson (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) says about Köstenberger’s volume that “for the comprehensiveness of its coverage in the field of Johannine theology (Gospel and Letters), there is nothing to compare to this work.” I. Howard Marshall (University of Aberdeen) writes, “This book is a ‘first’ in many ways: the first volume that sets the pattern for the quality and style of the new Biblical Theology of the New Testament series published by Zondervan; the first major volume to be devoted specifically to the theology of John’s Gospel and Letters at a high academic level; and the first volume to do so on the basis that here we have an interpretation of John’s theology composed by an eyewitness of the life and passion of Jesus.” The Biblical Theology of the New Testament Series The Biblical Theology of the New Testament (BTNT) series provides upper college and seminary-level textbooks for students of New Testament theology, interpretation, and exegesis. Pastors and discerning theology readers alike will also benefit from this series. Written at the highest level of academic excellence by recognized experts in the field, the BTNT series not only offers a comprehensive exploration of the theology of every book of the New Testament, including introductory issues and major themes, but also shows how each book relates to the broad picture of New Testament theology.

The Jewish Gospel of John: Discovering Jesus, King of All Israel (e-Book)

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781514393475
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (934 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jewish Gospel of John: Discovering Jesus, King of All Israel (e-Book) by : Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg

Download or read book The Jewish Gospel of John: Discovering Jesus, King of All Israel (e-Book) written by Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Jewish Gospel of John is not, by any standard, another book on Jesus of Nazareth written from a Jewish perspective. It is an invitation to the reader to put aside their traditional understanding of the Gospel of John and to replace it with another one more faithful to the original text perspective. The Jesus that will emerge will provoke to rethink most of what you knew about this gospel. The book is a well-rounded verse-by-verse illustrated rethinking of the fourth gospel. Here is the catch: instead of reading it, as if it was written for 21 century Gentile Christians, the book interprets it as if it was written for the first-century peoples of ancient Israel. The book proves what Krister Stendahl stated long time ago: "Our vision is often more abstracted by what we think we know than by our lack of knowledge." Other than challenging the long-held interpretations of well-known stories, the author with the skill of an experienced tour guide, takes us to a seat within those who most probably heard this gospel read in the late first century. Such exploration of variety of important contexts allows us to recover for our generation the true riches of this marvelous Judean gospel."Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg has produced an original and thought-provoking work. His book is an interesting effort to view this gospel as reflecting north-Israelite and Samaritan viewpoints. This study brings with it fresh interpretive air and new light to our challenging field." - Prof. Israel Knohl, Head of the Bible Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem."For some time, research on the Gospels has suffered from stagnation, and there is a feeling that there is not much new that one can say. In light of this, Dr. Eli Lizorkin-Eyzenberg's new commentary on the Gospel of John, with its original outlook on the identity of the original audience and the issues at stake, is extremely refreshing." - Prof. Ishay Rosen-Zvi, Head of the Talmud and Late Antiquity Department, Tel-Aviv University.

Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation by : Pope Paul VI.

Download or read book Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation written by Pope Paul VI. and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document's purpose is to spell out the Church's understanding of the nature of revelation--the process whereby God communicates with human beings. It touches upon questions about Scripture, tradition, and the teaching authority of the Church. The major concern of the document is to proclaim a Catholic understanding of the Bible as the "word of God." Key elements include: Trinitarian structure, roles of apostles and bishops, and biblical reading in a historical context.

John

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780816312443
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis John by : Jon Paulien

Download or read book John written by Jon Paulien and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Jesus' Death in New Testament Thought Volume 2: Texts

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Author :
Publisher : David A. Brondos
ISBN 13 : 6079803429
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Jesus' Death in New Testament Thought Volume 2: Texts by : David A. Brondos

Download or read book Jesus' Death in New Testament Thought Volume 2: Texts written by David A. Brondos and published by David A. Brondos. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jesus’ Death in New Testament Thought is unlike anything written on the subject to date. It represents a radical break with the traditional models or “theories” of atonement based on ideas such as penal substitution, participation in Christ, and the Christus Victor motif, claiming that all of these ideas as commonly understood are foreign to New Testament thought. On the basis of his analysis of second-temple Jewish thought, Brondos demonstrates that, for Jews in antiquity, what atoned for sins and led people to be declared righteous in God’s sight was not sacrifice, suffering, or death in themselves, but the renewed commitment to living in accordance with God’s will which they manifested by means of their sacrificial offerings and at times their willingness to endure suffering and death out of faithfulness to that will. According to the thought of Jesus’ first followers, in accordance with a divine plan conceived of before the ages, in Jesus God had sent his Son in order to establish around him a community of people fully committed to practicing the love, justice, solidarity, and righteousness associated with God’s will for all. Jesus’ dedication to this task led to confrontation and conflict with the powers and authorities of his day, who sought to silence him by having him put to death. Because he stood firm and remained faithful to that task rather than backing down from it, he was crucified on a Roman cross. Paradoxically, however, in this way he laid the basis for the existence of the community God had desired from the start, stamping it forever as one to which no one could truly belong without assuming the same firm commitment to Jesus and everything for which he had lived and died. Those who form part of this community, living out of faith under Jesus as their risen Lord, come to practice God’s will as redefined through Jesus and on that basis are forgiven and accepted as righteous by God. Thus, by giving up his life out of love for others in faithfulness to the task his Father had given him, Jesus has attained the redemption, reconciliation, cleansing, and justification of those who now live under his lordship as members of the worldwide community of believers from all nations that God has established through him and his death, in fulfillment of the promises that God had made of old to his people Israel. In Volume 1, Brondos looks to the relevant texts from antiquity to trace the background and development of these ideas. His argument will leave the reader with no doubt that Jesus’ first followers understood the salvific significance of his death or blood in the manner just outlined, and therefore that the traditional interpretations of his death that have prevailed from patristic times to the present do not reflect faithfully their thought as we find it in the New Testament. In Volume 2, Brondos examines the formulaic allusions to Jesus’ death that we find scattered throughout the New Testament and other early Christian writings so as to demonstrate that these are precisely the ideas that lie behind those allusions. At the same time, through his analysis of the writings of Melito of Sardis and Irenaeus of Lyons, he provides clear evidence that, by the late second century, ideas that are foreign to those texts began to be read back into them, with the result that the original understandings of Jesus’ death that had developed among his first followers came to be replaced by other understandings that run contrary to their thought. In his Conclusion, Brondos argues that only by rejecting the traditional models of atonement and returning to the New Testament teaching on this central doctrine can the Christian church respond effectively to the crisis it faces today and bring about the restoration of the type of communities envisioned by Jesus and his first followers.