Jerome Robbins

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 9780684869858
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (698 download)

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Book Synopsis Jerome Robbins by : Deborah Jowitt

Download or read book Jerome Robbins written by Deborah Jowitt and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2004 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles the life of American ballet choreographer Jerome Robbins, discussing his career and private life, his Russian Jewish heritage, and his impact on dance and theater.

Jerome Robbins

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Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300240422
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Jerome Robbins by : Wendy Lesser

Download or read book Jerome Robbins written by Wendy Lesser and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lively and inspired biography celebrating the centennial of this master choreographer, dancer, and stage director Jerome Robbins (1918–1998) was born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz and grew up in Weehawken, New Jersey, where his Russian-Jewish immigrant parents owned the Comfort Corset Company. Robbins, who was drawn to dance at a young age, resisted the idea of joining the family business. In 1936 he began working with Gluck Sandor, who ran a dance group and convinced him to change his name to Jerome Robbins. He went on to become a choreographer and director who worked in ballet, on Broadway, and in film. His stage productions include West Side Story, Peter Pan, and Fiddler on the Roof. In this deft biography, Wendy Lesser presents Jerome Robbins’s life through his major dances, providing a sympathetic, detailed portrait of her subject.

Dance with Demons

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Publisher : Putnam Publishing Group
ISBN 13 : 9780399146527
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (465 download)

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Book Synopsis Dance with Demons by : Greg Lawrence

Download or read book Dance with Demons written by Greg Lawrence and published by Putnam Publishing Group. This book was released on 2001 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the life and accomplishments of the renowned choreographer and director, from his work on "The King and I" to the complexities of his personal life.

Somewhere

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Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0767904214
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (679 download)

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Book Synopsis Somewhere by : Amanda Vaill

Download or read book Somewhere written by Amanda Vaill and published by Crown. This book was released on 2008-05-06 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of the acclaimed Everybody Was So Young, the definitive and major biography of the great choreographer and Broadway legend Jerome Robbins To some, Jerome Robbins was a demanding perfectionist, a driven taskmaster, a theatrical visionary; to others, he was a loyal friend, a supportive mentor, a generous and entertaining companion and colleague. Born Jerome Rabinowitz in New York City in 1918, Jerome Robbins repudiated his Jewish roots along with his name only to reclaim them with his triumphant staging of Fiddler on the Roof. A self-proclaimed homosexual, he had romances or relationships with both men and women, some famous—like Montgomery Clift and Natalie Wood—some less so. A resolutely unpolitical man, he was forced to testify before Congress at the height of anti-Communist hysteria. A consummate entertainer, he could be paralyzed by shyness; nearly infallible professionally, he was conflicted, vulnerable, and torn by self-doubt. Guarded and adamantly private, he was an inveterate and painfully honest journal writer who confided his innermost thoughts and aspirations to a remarkable series of diaries and memoirs. With ballets like Dances at a Gathering, Afternoon of a Faun, and The Concert, he humanized neoclassical dance; with musicals like On the Town, Gypsy, and West Side Story, he changed the face of theater in America. In the pages of this definitive biography, Amanda Vaill takes full measure of the complicated, contradictory genius who was Jerome Robbins. She re-creates his childhood as the only son of Russian Jewish immigrants; his apprenticeship as a dancer and Broadway chorus gypsy; his explosion into prominence at the age of twenty-five with the ballet Fancy Free and its Broadway incarnation, On the Town; and his years of creative dominance in both theater and dance. She brings to life his colleagues and friends—from Leonard Bernstein and George Balanchine to Robert Wilson and Robert Graves—and his loves and lovers. And she tells the full story behind some of Robbins’s most difficult episodes, such as his testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee and his firing from the film version of West Side Story. Drawing on thousands of pages of documents from Robbins’s personal and professional papers, to which she was granted unfettered access, as well as on other archives and hundreds of interviews, Somewhere is a riveting narrative of a life lived onstage, offstage, and backstage. It is also an accomplished work of criticism and social history that chronicles one man’s phenomenal career and places it squarely in the cultural ferment of a time when New York City was truly “a helluva town.”

Jerome Robbins, by Himself

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Author :
Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 0451494660
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Jerome Robbins, by Himself by : Jerome Robbins

Download or read book Jerome Robbins, by Himself written by Jerome Robbins and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2019 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A selection of the unpublished writings, journals, and letters of Jerome Robbins, with additional texts by Amanda Vaill"--

I Was a Dancer

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Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 0307595234
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis I Was a Dancer by : Jacques D'Amboise

Download or read book I Was a Dancer written by Jacques D'Amboise and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Who am I? I’m a man; an American, a father, a teacher, but most of all, I am a person who knows how the arts can change lives, because they transformed mine. I was a dancer.” In this rich, expansive, spirited memoir, Jacques d’Amboise, one of America’s most celebrated classical dancers, and former principal dancer with the New York City Ballet for more than three decades, tells the extraordinary story of his life in dance, and of America’s most renowned and admired dance companies. He writes of his classical studies beginning at the age of eight at The School of American Ballet. At twelve he was asked to perform with Ballet Society; three years later he joined the New York City Ballet and made his European debut at London’s Covent Garden. As George Balanchine’s protégé, d’Amboise had more works choreographed on him by “the supreme Ballet Master” than any other dancer, among them Tchaikovsky Pas de Deux; Episodes; A Midsummer’s Night’s Dream; Jewels; Raymonda Variations. He writes of his boyhood—born Joseph Ahearn—in Dedham, Massachusetts; his mother (“the Boss”) moving the family to New York City’s Washington Heights; dragging her son and daughter to ballet class (paying the teacher $7.50 from hats she made and sold on street corners, and with chickens she cooked stuffed with chestnuts); his mother changing the family name from Ahearn to her maiden name, d’Amboise (“It’s aristocratic. It has the ‘d’ apostrophe. It sounds better for the ballet, and it’s a better name”). We see him. a neighborhood tough, in Catholic schools being taught by the nuns; on the streets, fighting with neighborhood gangs, and taking ten classes a week at the School of American Ballet . . . being taught professional class by Balanchine and by other teachers of great legend: Anatole Oboukhoff, premier danseur of the Maryinsky; and Pierre Vladimiroff, Pavlova’s partner. D’Amboise writes about Balanchine’s succession of ballerina muses who inspired him to near-obsessive passion and led him to create extraordinary ballets, dancers with whom d’Amboise partnered—Maria Tallchief; Tanaquil LeClercq, a stick-skinny teenager who blossomed into an exquisite, witty, sophisticated “angel” with her “long limbs and dramatic, mysterious elegance . . .”; the iridescent Allegra Kent; Melissa Hayden; Suzanne Farrell, who Balanchine called his “alabaster princess,” her every fiber, every movement imbued with passion and energy; Kay Mazzo; Kyra Nichols (“She’s perfect,” Balanchine said. “Uncomplicated—like fresh water”); and Karin von Aroldingen, to whom Balanchine left most of his ballets. D’Amboise writes about dancing with and courting one of the company’s members, who became his wife for fifty-three years, and the four children they had . . . On going to Hollywood to make Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and being offered a long-term contract at MGM (“If you’re not careful,” Balanchine warned, “you will have sold your soul for seven years”) . . . On Jerome Robbins (“Jerry could be charming and complimentary, and then, five minutes later, attack, and crush your spirit—all to see how it would influence the dance movements”). D’Amboise writes of the moment when he realizes his dancing career is over and he begins a new life and new dream teaching children all over the world about the arts through the magic of dance. A riveting, magical book, as transformative as dancing itself.

Jerome Robbins

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Author :
Publisher : Booth-Clibborn
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Jerome Robbins by : Christine Conrad

Download or read book Jerome Robbins written by Christine Conrad and published by Booth-Clibborn. This book was released on 2000-10 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illustrated book of Jerome Robbins' life & work including previously unpublished excerpts from Robbins' personal journals & private letters. In theatre, dance & film, Jerome Robbins had one of the most significant & sustained creative careers of the 20th century.

Broadway, the Golden Years

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780826413475
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Broadway, the Golden Years by : Robert Emmet Long

Download or read book Broadway, the Golden Years written by Robert Emmet Long and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadway, the Golden Years, is a wonderfully readable group portrait of the great Broadway choreographers from the mid-20th century to our own time: Jerome Robbins, Agnes de Mille, Gower Champion, Bob Fosse, Michael Bennett, Tommy Tune, Graciela Daniele, and Susan Stroman. The hits generated by two generations of choreographer-directors define the Broadway stage: Oklahomal; On the Town; West Side Story; Hello Dolly!; Fiddler on the Roof; A Chorus Line; Dancin'; Dream Girls; The Producers; and many more. In researching this book, Robert Emmet Long conducted dozens of interviews with his subjects as well as those who worked with them.

Balanchine's Apprentice

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Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813072018
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Balanchine's Apprentice by : John Clifford

Download or read book Balanchine's Apprentice written by John Clifford and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A talented young dancer and his brilliant teacher In this long-awaited memoir, dancer and choreographer John Clifford offers a highly personal look inside the day-to-day operations of the New York City Ballet and its creative mastermind, George Balanchine. Balanchine’s Apprentice is the story of Clifford—an exceptionally talented artist—and the guiding inspiration for his life’s work in dance. Growing up in Hollywood with parents in show business, Clifford acted in television productions such as The Danny Kaye Show, The Dinah Shore Show, and Death Valley Days. He recalls the beginning of his obsession with ballet: At age 11 he was cast as the Prince in a touring production of The Nutcracker. The director was none other than the legendary Balanchine, who would eventually invite Clifford to New York City and shape his career as both a mentor and artistic example. During his dazzling tenure with the New York City Ballet, Clifford danced the lead in 47 works, several created for him by Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, and others. He partnered famous ballerinas including Gelsey Kirkland and Allegra Kent. He choreographed eight ballets for the company, his first at age 20. He performed in Russia, Germany, France, and Canada. Afterward, he returned to the West Coast to found the Los Angeles Ballet, where he continued to innovate based on the Balanchine technique. In this book, Clifford provides firsthand insight into Balanchine’s relationships with his dancers, including Suzanne Farrell. Examining his own attachment to his charismatic teacher, Clifford explores questions of creative influence and integrity. His memoir is a portrait of a young dancer who learned and worked at lightning speed, who pursued the calls of art and genius on both coasts of America and around the world.

West Side Story

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Publisher : Running Press Adult
ISBN 13 : 0762469463
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis West Side Story by : Richard Barrios

Download or read book West Side Story written by Richard Barrios and published by Running Press Adult. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A captivating, richly illustrated full account of the making of the ground-breaking movie classic West Side Story (1961). A major hit on Broadway, on film West Side Story became immortal-a movie different from anything that had come before, but this cinematic victory came at a price. In this engrossing volume, film historian Richard Barrios recounts how the drama and rivalries seen onscreen played out to equal intensity behind-the-scenes, while still achieving extraordinary artistic feats. The making and impact of West Side Story has so far been recounted only in vestiges. In the pages of this book, the backstage tale comes to life along with insight on what has made the film a favorite across six decades: its brilliant use of dance as staged by erstwhile co-director Jerome Robbins; a meaningful story, as set to Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim's soundtrack; the performances of a youthful ensemble cast featuring Natalie Wood, Rita Moreno, George Chakiris, and more; a film with Shakespearean roots (Romeo and Juliet) that is simultaneously timeless and current. West Side Story was a triumph that appeared to be very much of its time; over the years it has shown itself to be eternal.

Big Deal

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199336814
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Deal by : Kevin Winkler

Download or read book Big Deal written by Kevin Winkler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bob Fosse (1927-1987) is recognized as one of the most significant figures in post-World War II American musical theater. With his first Broadway musical, The Pajama Game in 1954, the "Fosse style" was already fully developed, with its trademark hunched shoulders, turned-in stance, and stuttering, staccato jazz movements. Fosse moved decisively into the role of director with Redhead in 1959 and was a key figure in the rise of the director-choreographer in the Broadway musical. He also became the only star director of musicals of his era--a group that included Jerome Robbins, Gower Champion, Michael Kidd, and Harold Prince--to equal his Broadway success in films. Following his unprecedented triple crown of show business awards in 1973 (an Oscar for Cabaret, Emmy for Liza with a Z, and Tony for Pippin), Fosse assumed complete control of virtually every element of his projects. But when at last he had achieved complete autonomy, his final efforts, the film Star 80 and the musical Big Deal, written and directed by Fosse, were rejected by audiences and critics. A fascinating look at the evolution of Fosse as choreographer and director, Big Deal: Bob Fosse and Dance in the American Musical considers Fosse's career in the context of changes in the Broadway musical theater over four decades. It traces his early dance years and the importance of mentors George Abbott and Jerome Robbins on his work. It examines how each of the important women in his adult life--all dancers--impacted his career and influenced his dance aesthetic. Finally, the book investigates how his evolution as both artist and individual mirrored the social and political climate of his era and allowed him to comfortably ride a wave of cultural changes.

Swan Dive

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Publisher : Henry Holt and Company
ISBN 13 : 1250244293
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Swan Dive by : Georgina Pazcoguin

Download or read book Swan Dive written by Georgina Pazcoguin and published by Henry Holt and Company. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Don't expect just tulle and toe shoes. In this fascinating insider's tale, NYCB dancer Pazcoguin reveals her world. . . . A striking debut." —People Award-winning New York City Ballet soloist Georgina Pazcoguin, aka the Rogue Ballerina, gives readers a backstage tour of the real world of elite ballet—the gritty, hilarious, sometimes shocking truth you don’t see from the orchestra circle. In this love letter to the art of dance and the sport that has been her livelihood, NYCB’s first Asian American female soloist Georgina Pazcoguin lays bare her unfiltered story of leaving small-town Pennsylvania for New York City and training amid the unique demands of being a hybrid professional athlete/artist, all before finishing high school. She pitches us into the fascinating, whirling shoes of dancers in one of the most revered ballet companies in the world with an unapologetic sense of humor about the cutthroat, survival-of-the-fittest mentality at NYCB. Some swan dives are literal: even in the ballet, there are plenty of face-plants, backstage fights, late-night parties, and raucous company bonding sessions. Rocked by scandal in the wake of the #MeToo movement, NYCB sits at an inflection point, inching toward progress in a strictly traditional culture, and Pazcoguin doesn’t shy away from ballet’s dark side. She continues to be one of the few dancers openly speaking up against the sexual harassment, mental abuse, and racism that in the past went unrecognized or was tacitly accepted as par for the course—all of which she has painfully experienced firsthand. Tying together Pazcoguin’s fight for equality in the ballet with her infectious and deeply moving passion for her craft, Swan Dive is a page-turning, one-of-a-kind account that guarantees you'll never view a ballerina or a ballet the same way again.

Dancing Man

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Author :
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1496826981
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Dancing Man by : Bob Avian

Download or read book Dancing Man written by Bob Avian and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tony and Olivier Award–winning Bob Avian’s dazzling life story, Dancing Man: A Broadway Choreographer’s Journey, is a memoir in three acts. Act I reveals the origins of one of Broadway’s legendary choreographers who appeared onstage with stars like Barbra Streisand and Mary Martin all before he was thirty. Act II includes teaching Katharine Hepburn how to sing and dance in Coco and working with Stephen Sondheim and Michael Bennett while helping to choreograph the original productions of Company and Follies. During this time, Avian won a Tony Award as the cochoreographer of A Chorus Line and produced the spectacular Tony Award–winning Dreamgirls. For a triumphant third act, Avian choreographed Julie Andrews’s return to the New York stage, devised all of the musical staging for Miss Saigon and Sunset Boulevard, and directed A Chorus Line on Broadway. He worked with the biggest names on Broadway, including Andrew Lloyd Webber, Carol Burnett, Jennifer Holliday, Patti LuPone, Elaine Stritch, and Glenn Close. Candid, witty, sometimes shocking, and always entertaining, here at last is the ultimate up-close and personal insider’s view from a front row seat at the creation of the biggest, brightest, and best Broadway musicals of the past fifty years.

Dancing Through It

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Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 069815150X
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (981 download)

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Book Synopsis Dancing Through It by : Jenifer Ringer

Download or read book Dancing Through It written by Jenifer Ringer and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A glimpse into the fragile psyche of a dancer.” —The Washington Post Jenifer Ringer, a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet, was thrust into the headlines after her weight was commented on by a New York Times critic, and her response ignited a public dialogue about dance and weight. Ballet aficionados and aspiring performers of all ages will want to join Ringer behind the scenes as she shares her journey from student to star and candidly discusses both her struggle with an eating disorder and the media storm that erupted after the Times review. An unusually upbeat account of life on the stage, Dancing Through It is also a coming-of-age story and an inspiring memoir of faith and of triumph over the body issues that torment all too many women and men.

My West Side Story

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1493055488
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis My West Side Story by : George Chakiris

Download or read book My West Side Story written by George Chakiris and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natalie Wood and “lovely” Richard Beymer, to the mercurial Jerome Robbins and “passionate” Rita Moreno, with whom Chakiris remains friends. “I know exactly where my gratitude belongs,” Chakiris writes, “and I still marvel at how, unbeknownst to me at the time, the joyful path of my life was paved one night in 1949 when Jerome Robbins sat Leonard Bernstein and Arthur Laurents down in his apartment and announced, ‘I have an idea.’"

Alone

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Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1408853442
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Alone by : Bill Jones

Download or read book Alone written by Bill Jones and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The previously-untold story of the life and tragic early death of John Curry, one of the most famous ice skaters in history. The book that inspired new film The Ice King, the story of John Curry's life. One winter's night in 1976, over 20 million people in Britain watched John Curry skate to Olympic gold on an ice rink in Austria. Many millions more watched around the world. Overnight he became one of the most famous men on the planet. He was awarded an OBE. He was chosen as BBC Sports Personality of the Year. Curry changed ice skating from marginal sport to high art. And yet the man was a mystery to a world that had been dazzled by his gift. Surely, men's skating was supposed to be Cossack-muscular, not sensual and ambiguous like this? Curry himself was a complex, tortured man. For the first time, Alone untangles the extraordinary web of his toxic, troubled, brilliant and short life. It is a story of childhood nightmares, furious ambition, sporting genius, lifelong rivalries, homophobia, Cold War politics, financial ruin and deep personal tragedy. So much more than a sports biography, Alone reveals the restless, impatient, often dark soul of a man whose words could lacerate, whose skating invariably moved audiences to tears, and who after succumbing to AIDS, as so many of his fellow artists and friends did, died of a heart attack aged just 44.

Mr. B

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Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 0812994310
Total Pages : 817 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Mr. B by : Jennifer Homans

Download or read book Mr. B written by Jennifer Homans and published by Random House. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PULITZER PRIZE FINALIST • “A fascinating read about a true genius and his unrelenting thirst for beauty in art and in life.”—MIKHAIL BARYSHNIKOV Winner of the Plutarch Award for Best Biography and the Marfield Prize for Arts Writing • Finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, the PEN/Jacqueline Bograd Weld Award, the Kirkus Prize, and the Baillie Gifford Prize Based on a decade of unprecedented research, the first major biography of George Balanchine, a broad-canvas portrait set against the backdrop of the tumultuous century that shaped the man The New York Times called “the Shakespeare of dancing”—from the bestselling author of Apollo’s Angels New York Times Editors’ Choice • ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: The New York Times Book Review, The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, NPR, Oprah Daily Arguably the greatest choreographer who ever lived, George Balanchine was one of the cultural titans of the twentieth century—The New York Times called him “the Shakespeare of dancing.” His radical approach to choreography—and life—reinvented the art of ballet and made him a legend. Written with enormous style and artistry, and based on more than one hundred interviews and research in archives across Russia, Europe, and the Americas, Mr. B carries us through Balanchine’s tumultuous and high-pitched life story and into the making of his extraordinary dances. Balanchine’s life intersected with some of the biggest historical events of his century. Born in Russia under the last czar, Balanchine experienced the upheavals of World War I, the Russian Revolution, exile, World War II, and the Cold War. A co-founder of the New York City Ballet, he pressed ballet in America to the forefront of modernism and made it a popular art. None of this was easy, and we see his loneliness and failures, his five marriages—all to dancers—and many loves. We follow his bouts of ill health and spiritual crises, and learn of his profound musical skills and sensibility and his immense determination to make some of the most glorious, strange, and beautiful dances ever to grace the modern stage. With full access to Balanchine’s papers and many of his dancers, Jennifer Homans, the dance critic for The New Yorker and a former dancer herself, has spent more than a decade researching Balanchine’s life and times to write a vast history of the twentieth century through the lens of one of its greatest artists: the definitive biography of the man his dancers called Mr. B.