Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119594960
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes by : Kenneth W. W. Sims

Download or read book Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes written by Kenneth W. W. Sims and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-20 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using isotopes as a tool for understanding Earth processes From establishing the absolute age of the Earth to providing a stronger understanding of the nexus between geology and life, the careful measurement and quantitative interpretation of minor variations in the isotopic composition of Earth’s materials has provided profound insight into the origins and workings of our planet. Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes presents examples of the application of numerous different isotope systems to address a wide range of topical problems in Earth system science. Volume highlights include: examination of the natural fractionation of non-traditional stable isotopes utilizing isotopes to understand the origin of magmas and evolution of volcanic systems application of isotopes to interrogate and understand Earth’s Carbon and Oxygen cycles examination of the geochemical and hydrologic processes that lead to isotopic fractionation application of isotopic reactive transport models to decipher hydrologic and biogeochemical processes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119594979
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes by : Kenneth W. W. Sims

Download or read book Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes written by Kenneth W. W. Sims and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using isotopes as a tool for understanding Earth processes From establishing the absolute age of the Earth to providing a stronger understanding of the nexus between geology and life, the careful measurement and quantitative interpretation of minor variations in the isotopic composition of Earth’s materials has provided profound insight into the origins and workings of our planet. Isotopic Constraints on Earth System Processes presents examples of the application of numerous different isotope systems to address a wide range of topical problems in Earth system science. Volume highlights include: examination of the natural fractionation of non-traditional stable isotopes utilizing isotopes to understand the origin of magmas and evolution of volcanic systems application of isotopes to interrogate and understand Earth’s Carbon and Oxygen cycles examination of the geochemical and hydrologic processes that lead to isotopic fractionation application of isotopic reactive transport models to decipher hydrologic and biogeochemical processes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Isoscapes

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048133548
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Isoscapes by : Jason B. West

Download or read book Isoscapes written by Jason B. West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere; the incredible journeys of migrating monarchs is documented by hydrogen isotopes in their wings; and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface. Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods, and applications that are enabling new disciplinary and cross-disciplinary advances through the study of "isoscapes": isotopic landscapes. "This impressive new volume shows scientists deciphering and using the natural isotope landscapes that subtly adorn our spaceship Earth.", Brian Fry, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, USA "An excellent timely must read and must-have reference book for anybody interested or engaged in applying stable isotope signatures to questions in e.g. Anthropology, Biogeochemistry, Ecology, or Forensic Science regarding chronological and spatial movement, changes, or distribution relating to animals, humans, plants, or water.", Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK "Natural resources are being affected by global change, but exactly where, how, and at what pace? Isoscapes provide new and remarkably precise answers.", John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA "This exciting volume is shaping a new landscape in environmental sciences that is utilizing the remarkable advances in isotope research to enhance and extend the capabilities of the field.", Dan Yakir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

Isotopic Constraints on the Origin and Nature of Primitive Material in the Solar System and on Early Earth

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Isotopic Constraints on the Origin and Nature of Primitive Material in the Solar System and on Early Earth by : David V. Bekaert

Download or read book Isotopic Constraints on the Origin and Nature of Primitive Material in the Solar System and on Early Earth written by David V. Bekaert and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth formed some 4.5 Ga from the accumulation of dust, rocks and gas. The composition of these primitive materials is today recorded in meteorites. However, the origin of volatile elements within the atmosphere (e.g., H, C, N, O) remains poorly understood. By combining experimental approaches and the analysis of natural samples, I studied the composition of celestial objects comprising the ingredients required for the formation of the terrestrial atmosphere. These mainly correspond to volatile elements trapped in meteoritic organic materials and in the ice of cometary bodies. In order to better understand the timeline of Earth's formation and volatile accretion, I used noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) as tracers of the physical processes that occurred in the early Solar System and on primitive Earth. Whilst comets significantly contributed to the heavy noble gas budget of the terrestrial atmosphere (~20%), most of the other terrestrial volatile elements (including water, carbon and nitrogen) would have been supplied to Earth by chondrtitic bodies similar to meteorites. Once formed, the atmosphere evolved over geological periods of time, leading to the establishment of suitable environmental conditions for life to develop. The major processes that affected the mass and composition of the ancient atmosphere can be studied by investigating the isotopic evolution of atmospheric Xe, from 4.5 Ga to ~2 Ga. We investigate the possibility to bring constraints on the age of organic materials isolated from sedimentary ricks older than 2 Ga, using the isotopic signature of the Xe component that was trapped at the time of their formation. This method could have implications regarding the presumed age of the earliest remnants of organic life.

Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes

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Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501508938
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes by : John W. Valley

Download or read book Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes written by John W. Valley and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 16 of Reviews in Mineralogy inroduces to high-temperature stable isotope geochemistry and should provide an entry into the pertinent literature, as well as some understanding of the basic concepts and potential applications. The first three chapters focus on the theory and experimental data base for equilibrium, disequilibrium, and kinetics of stable isotope exchange reactions among geologically important minerals and fluids. The fourth chapter discusses the primordial oxygen isotope variations in the solar system prior to formation of the Earth, along with a discussion of isotopic anomalies in meteorites. The fifth chapter discusses isotopic variations in the Earth's mantle and the sixth chapter reviews the variations in the isotopic compositions of natural waters on our planet. In Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10, these isotopic constraints and concepts are applied to various facets of the origin and evolution of igneous rocks, bringing in much material on radiogenic isotopes as well, because these problems require a multi-dimensional attack for their solution. In Chapters 11 and 12, the problems of hydrothermal alteration by meteoric waters and ocean water are considered, together with discussions of the physics and chemistry of hydrothermal systems and the 18O/16O history of ocean water. Finally, in Chapters 13 and 14, these concepts are applied to problems of metamorphic petrology and ore deposits, particularly with respect to the origins of the fluids involved in those processes.

Isoscapes

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789048133604
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (336 download)

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Book Synopsis Isoscapes by : Jason B. West

Download or read book Isoscapes written by Jason B. West and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere; the incredible journeys of migrating monarchs is documented by hydrogen isotopes in their wings; and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface. Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods, and applications that are enabling new disciplinary and cross-disciplinary advances through the study of "isoscapes": isotopic landscapes. "This impressive new volume shows scientists deciphering and using the natural isotope landscapes that subtly adorn our spaceship Earth." Brian Fry, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, USA "An excellent timely must read and must-have reference book for anybody interested or engaged in applying stable isotope signatures to questions in e.g. Anthropology, Biogeochemistry, Ecology, or Forensic Science regarding chronological and spatial movement, changes, or distribution relating to animals, humans, plants, or water." Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK "Natural resources are being affected by global change, but exactly where, how, and at what pace? Isoscapes provide new and remarkably precise answers." John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA "This exciting volume is shaping a new landscape in environmental sciences that is utilizing the remarkable advances in isotope research to enhance and extend the capabilities of the field." Dan Yakir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel.

Earth Processes

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Author :
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 : 0875900771
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Processes by : Asish Basu

Download or read book Earth Processes written by Asish Basu and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1996-01-09 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 95. Publication of this monograph will coincide, to a precision of a few per mil, with the centenary of Henri Becquerel's discovery of "radiations actives" (C. R. Acad. Sci., Feb. 24, 1896). In 1896 the Earth was only 40 million years old according to Lord Kelvin. Eleven years later, Boltwood had pushed the Earth's age past 2000 million years, based on the first U/Pb chemical dating results. In exciting progression came discovery of isotopes by J. J. Thomson in 1912, invention of the mass spectrometer by Dempster (1918) and Aston (1919), the first measurement of the isotopic composition of Pb (Aston, 1927) and the final approach, using Pb-Pb isotopic dating, to the correct age of the Earth: close-2.9 Ga (Gerling, 1942), closer-3.0 Ga (Holmes, 1949) and closest-4.50 Ga (Patterson, Tilton and Inghram, 1953).

Tracing Earth Surface Processes Using Novel Isotopic Approaches

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Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832515339
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Tracing Earth Surface Processes Using Novel Isotopic Approaches by : Kang-Jun Huang

Download or read book Tracing Earth Surface Processes Using Novel Isotopic Approaches written by Kang-Jun Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Terrestrial Environment, B

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483289834
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis The Terrestrial Environment, B by : P. Fritz

Download or read book The Terrestrial Environment, B written by P. Fritz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry, Volume 2: The Terrestrial Environment, B focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches involved in isotope geochemistry. The selection first elaborates on mathematical models for the interpretation of environmental radioisotopes in groundwater systems; isotopes in cloud physics; and environmental isotopes in lake studies. Discussions focus on water balance studies of lakes, isotopic fractionations during evaporation of water, study of hailstone growth mechanisms by means of isotopic analyses, isotopic effects during growth of individual elements, and models and their hydrological significance. The text then takes a look at environmental isotope and anthropogenic tracers of lake sedimentation; stable isotope geochemistry of travertines; and isotope geochemistry of carbonates in the weathering zone. Topics include isotopic composition of carbonates in the weathering zone; reprecipitation processes in the weathering zone; isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen sources in the weathering zone; and geochemical conditions controlling travertine deposition. The manuscript also reviews radioactive noble gases in the terrestrial environment, isotope effects of nitrogen in the soil and biosphere, and oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of deep basin brines. The selection is a vital source of data for researchers interested in isotope geochemistry.

Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080525288
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions by : Lawrence B Flanagan

Download or read book Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions written by Lawrence B Flanagan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-15 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging multidisciplinary field of earth system science sets out to improve our understanding functioning ecosystems, at a global level across the entire planet. Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions looks to one of its most powerful tools — the application of stable isotope analyses — to understanding biosphere-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases, and synthesizes much of the recent progress in this work. Stable Isotopes and Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions describes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms, processes and applications of new techniques. It makes a significant contribution to the emerging, multidisciplinary study of the Earth as an interacting system. This book will be an important reference for students and researchers in biology, ecology, biogeochemistry, meteorology, and atmospheric science and will be invaluable for anyone with any interest in the future of the planet. Describes applications of new stable isotope techniques to the emerging fields of earth system science and global change Illustrates advances in scaling of physiological processes from leaf/soil to the global scale Contains state-of-the-art, critical reviews written by international researchers and experts

Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642106374
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry by : Mark Baskaran

Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry written by Mark Baskaran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of radioactive and stable isotopes have revolutionized our understanding of the Earth and near-earth surface processes. The utility of the isotopes are ever-increasing and our sole focus is to bring out the applications of these isotopes as tracers and chronometers to a wider audience so that they can be used as powerful tools to solve environmental problems. New developments in this field remain mostly in peer-reviewed journal articles and hence our goal is to synthesize these findings for easy reference for students, faculty, regulators in governmental and non-governmental agencies, and environmental companies. While this volume maintains its rigor in terms of its depth of knowledge and quantitative information, it contains the breadth needed for wide variety problems and applications in the environmental sciences. This volume presents all of the newer and older applications of isotopes pertaining to the environmental problems in one place that is readily accessible to readers. This book not only has the depth and rigor that is needed for academia, but it has the breadth and case studies to illustrate the utility of the isotopes in a wide variety of environments (atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers and streams, terrestrial environments, and sub-surface environments) and serves a large audience, from students and researchers, regulators in federal, state and local governments, and environmental companies.

Isotopes in the Water Cycle

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402066719
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (667 download)

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Book Synopsis Isotopes in the Water Cycle by : Pradeep K. Aggarwal

Download or read book Isotopes in the Water Cycle written by Pradeep K. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.

Principles of Stable Isotope Distribution

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195353528
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Stable Isotope Distribution by : Robert E. Criss

Download or read book Principles of Stable Isotope Distribution written by Robert E. Criss and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-06-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a quantitative treatment of the theory and natural variations of light stable isotopes. It discusses isotope distribution in the context of fractionation processes, thermodynamics, mass conservation, exchange kinetics, and diffusion theory, and includes more than 100 original equations. The theoretical principles are illustrated with natural examples that emphasize oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in natural waters, terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks, and hydrothermal systems. New data on meteoric precipitation, rivers, springs, formation fluids, and hydrothermal systems are included in relation to various natural phenomena. Essentially, this book seeks to reconnect the diverse phenomenological observations of isotope distribution to the quantitative theories of physical chemistry and the language of differential equations. It may serve as a textbook for advanced students, as a research reference, or as a quick source of information. The book is organized into five chapters, each followed by suggested quantitative problems and a short reference list. The three theoretical chapters progress from an elementary review of the physical chemistry of stable isotopes, to the thermodynamics of isotopic compounds, and finally to the calculation of isotope distribution in dynamic systems. The third and fifth chapters emphasize oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in Earth's hydrosphere and lithosphere, constituting the most important examples of the theoretical principles. Appendices provide data on atomic weights of light elements, physical constants, mathematical relationships, and isotopic fractionation factors.

Noble Gases

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 1501509055
Total Pages : 864 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Noble Gases by : Donald P. Porcelli

Download or read book Noble Gases written by Donald P. Porcelli and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 47 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry introduces to Noble Gases. Although the mass spectrometry principles are not complex, the tricks involved in getting better data are often self taught or passed on by working with individuals who themselves are pushing the boundaries further. Furthermore, much of the exciting new science is linked with technical developments that allow us to move beyond the current measurement capabilities. Be they better crushing devices, laser resonance time of flight, multiple collection or compressor sources - the technical issues are central to progress. Contents: Noble Gases – Noble Science An Overview of Noble Gas Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry Noble Gases in the Solar System Noble Gases in the Moon and Meteorites: Radiogenic Components and Early Volatile Chronologies Cosmic-Ray-Produced Noble Gases in Meteorites Martian Noble Gases Origin of Noble Gases in the Terrestrial Planets Noble Gas Isotope Geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge and Ocean Island Basalts: Characterization of Mantle Source Reservoirs Noble Gases and Volatile Recycling at Subduction Zones The Storage and Transport of Noble Gases in the Subcontinental Lithosphere Models for the Distribution of Terrestrial Noble Gases and the Evolution of the Atmosphere Production, Release and Transport of Noble Gases in the Continental Crust Tracing Fluid Origin, Transport and Interaction in the Crust Noble Gases in Lakes and Ground Waters Noble Gases in Ocean Waters and Sediments Cosmic-Ray-Produced Noble Gases in Terrestrial Rocks: Dating Tools for Surface Processes K-Ar and Ar-Ar Dating (U-Th)/He Dating: Techniques, Calibrations, and Applications

Novel Isotope Systems and Biogeochemical Cycling During Cryospheric Weathering in Polar Environments

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889667243
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Isotope Systems and Biogeochemical Cycling During Cryospheric Weathering in Polar Environments by : Katharine Rosemary Hendry

Download or read book Novel Isotope Systems and Biogeochemical Cycling During Cryospheric Weathering in Polar Environments written by Katharine Rosemary Hendry and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments

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Author :
Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 1786204975
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (862 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments by : A-V. Bojar

Download or read book Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments written by A-V. Bojar and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to Earth surface environmental reconstructions and environmental changes that may be deciphered and modelled using stable isotopes along with mineralogical/chemical, sedimentological, palaeontological/biological and climatological methodologies. The book is divided into two sections, both using stable isotopes (see www.geolsoc.org.uk/SP507) in various samples and phases as the main research tool. The first section is devoted to studies focusing on the distribution of isotopes in precipitation, groundwater, lakes, rivers, springs, tap water, mine water and their relationship with terrestrial environments at regional to continental scale. In relation to this, the second section includes case studies from a range of continental settings, investigating cave deposits (stalagmites, bat guano), animal skeletons (dinosaurs, alligators, turtles, bivalves), present and past soils (palaeosols) and limestones. The sections focus on the interaction between the surficial water cycle and underground water storage with deposits acting as archives of short- to long-term climatic and environmental changes. Examples from the Early Cretaceous to present time come from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America.

Stable Isotope Ecology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387337458
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Ecology by : Brian Fry

Download or read book Stable Isotope Ecology written by Brian Fry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.