Is Conflict Adaptation An Illusion

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Is Conflict Adaptation an Illusion?

Author : James R Schmidt
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889194957
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Is Conflict Adaptation an Illusion? by : James R Schmidt

Download or read book Is Conflict Adaptation an Illusion? written by James R Schmidt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conflict adaptation theory is one of the most popular theories in cognitive psychology. The theory argues that participants strategically modulate attention away from distracting stimulus features in response to conflict. Although results with proportion congruent, sequential congruency, and similar paradigms seem consistent with the conflict adaptation view, some researchers have expressed scepticism. The paradigms used in the study of conflict adaptation require the manipulation of stimulus frequencies, sequential dependencies, time-on-task regularities, and various other task regularities that introduce the potential for learning of conflict-unrelated information. This results in the unintentional confounding of measures of conflict adaptation with simpler learning and memory biases. There are also alternative accounts which propose that attentional adaptation does occur, but via different mechanisms, such as valence, expectancy, or effort. A significant (and often heated) debate remains surrounding the question of whether conflict adaptation exists independent of these alternative mechanisms of action. The aim of this Research Topic is to provide a forum for current directions in this area, considering perspectives from all sides of the debate.

The Locus of the Stroop Effect

Author : Benjamin Andrew Parris
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889634450
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis The Locus of the Stroop Effect by : Benjamin Andrew Parris

Download or read book The Locus of the Stroop Effect written by Benjamin Andrew Parris and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Political Illusion

Author : Jacques Ellul
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1606089765
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Illusion by : Jacques Ellul

Download or read book The Political Illusion written by Jacques Ellul and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is politization? . . . (It is that) all problems have, in our time, become political." --J. Ellul, from the Introduction Jacques Ellul, the author of The Technological Society and Propaganda, here examines modern man's passion for politics, the roles he plays in them, and his place in the modern state. He holds that everything having now been "politized," anything not directly political fails to arouse widespread interest among contemporary men--and in fact might be said not to exist. He shows that political activity is now a kaleidoscope of interlocking illusions, among which the most basic and damaging are those of popular participation in government, popular control of elected and other officials, and popular solution of public problems. This domination by the political illusion, Ellul demonstrates, explains why men now turn to the state for the solution of all problems--most of them problems that the state could not solve if it tried. This close-reasoned, brilliant diagnosis and prognosis is, like Jacques Ellul's earlier books, an alarming analysis of present-day life.

Unconscious information processing in executive control

Author : Nicola De Pisapia
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889191060
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Unconscious information processing in executive control by : Nicola De Pisapia

Download or read book Unconscious information processing in executive control written by Nicola De Pisapia and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to review and further explore the topic of unconscious processing in executive control. Executive control refers to the ability of the human brain – mostly associated with prefrontal cortex activity - to regulate the processing involved in the execution of novel or complex goal-directed tasks. Previous studies or models of human cognition have assumed that executive control necessarily requires conscious processing of information. This perspective is in line with common sense and personal introspection, which suggest that our choices are intentional and based on conscious stimuli. Nevertheless, in the last few years several behavioural and cognitive neuroscience studies have put under scrutiny this assumption. Cumulating evidence is now showing that prefrontal executive control can involve or be triggered by unconscious processing of information, with consequent effects on observed behaviours. One of the main methods adopted to study such unconscious mechanisms is masked priming, consisting in presenting visually masked stimuli, which nonetheless are shown to affect goal-directed behaviour or influence constructs linked to executive control and prefrontal cortex activity (e.g., task-set representation, response inhibition, conflict monitoring, error detection, reward processing, emotion regulation and task switching). This area of research is relatively young, and - while scientific evidence is emerging - no general consensus has been reached yet on how to interpret these early findings: some researchers accept that executive control can involve unconscious processing, others momentarily put aside - in first approximation - this issue, others criticize this possibility on theoretical grounds (e.g., pointing to the need of better definitions of terms such as control, conflict and consciousness) or based on experimental findings. At this stage, it appears necessary that researchers in the field make a collective effort to deepen the understanding of the unconscious mechanisms involved in executive control. This Research Topic will focus on neuroscience, but it will welcome contributions on purely behavioural and psychophysiological studies, patient reports, computational investigations, as well as philosophical and historical analyses of the relationship between executive control and consciousness. In particular, we encourage experts in this field to submit contributions in the form of: a) reviews, opinions and discussions on existing literature concerning unconscious processing of information in executive control; b) original research articles (both behavioural-only and neuroimaging studies) on unconscious processing of information in executive control; c) discussions and opinions on new methodologies to investigate this issue (e.g., other than masked priming, which has been the technique of choice in most of the existing studies).

HCI International 2017 – Posters' Extended Abstracts

Author : Constantine Stephanidis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319587536
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis HCI International 2017 – Posters' Extended Abstracts by : Constantine Stephanidis

Download or read book HCI International 2017 – Posters' Extended Abstracts written by Constantine Stephanidis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set CCIS 713 and CCIS 714 contains the extended abstracts of the posters presented during the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International 2017, held in Vancouver, BC, Canada, in July 2017. HCII 2017 received a total of 4340 submissions, of which 1228 papers were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 177 papers presented in these two volumes were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Design and evaluation methods, tools and practices; novel interaction techniques and devices; psychophisiological measuring and monitoring; perception, cognition and emotion in HCI; data analysis and data mining in social media and communication; ergonomics and models in work and training support. Part II: Interaction in virtual and augmented reality; learning, games and gamification; health, well-being and comfort; smart environments; mobile interaction; visual design and visualization; social issues and security in HCI.

Sensory Adaptation

Author : Mehdi Adibi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889741796
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensory Adaptation by : Mehdi Adibi

Download or read book Sensory Adaptation written by Mehdi Adibi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cognitive Consistency

Author : Bertram Gawronski
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 1609189469
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Consistency by : Bertram Gawronski

Download or read book Cognitive Consistency written by Bertram Gawronski and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of recent research on the nature, causes, and consequences of cognitive consistency. In 21 chapters, leading scholars address the pivotal role of consistency principles at various levels of social information processing, ranging from micro-level to macro-level processes. The book's scope encompasses mental representation, processing fluency and motivational fit, implicit social cognition, thinking and reasoning, decision making and choice, and interpersonal processes. Key findings, emerging themes, and current directions in the field are explored, and important questions for future research identified.

Perception Beyond Gestalt

Author : Adam Geremek
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135124779
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Perception Beyond Gestalt by : Adam Geremek

Download or read book Perception Beyond Gestalt written by Adam Geremek and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does the brain piece together the information required to achieve object recognition, figure-ground segmentation, object completion in cases of partial occlusion and related perceptual phenomena? This book focuses on principles of Gestalt psychology and the key issues which surround them, providing an up-to-date survey of the most interesting and highly debated topics in visual neuroscience, perception and object recognition. The volume is divided into three main parts: Gestalt and perceptual organisation, attention aftereffects and illusions, and color vision and art perception. Themes covered in the book include: - a historical review of Gestalt theory and its relevance in modern-day neuroscience - the relationship between perceptive and receptive fields - a critical analysis of spatiotemporal unity of perception - the role of Gestalt principles in perceptual organization - self-organizing properties of the visual field - the role of attention and perceptual grouping in forming non-retinotopic representations - figural distortions following adaptation to spatial patterns - illusory changes of brightness in spatial patterns - the function of motion illusions as a tool to study Gestalt principles in vision - conflicting theories of color vision and the neural basis of it - the role of color in figure-ground segmentation - chromatic assimilation in visual art and perception - the phenomena of colored shadows. Including contributions from experts in the field, this book will provide an essential overview of current research and theory on visual perception and Gestalt. It will be key reading for researchers and academics in the field of visual perception and neuroscience.

Role of Inner Ear in Self and Environment Perception

Author : Alexis Bozorg Grayeli
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889636119
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Role of Inner Ear in Self and Environment Perception by : Alexis Bozorg Grayeli

Download or read book Role of Inner Ear in Self and Environment Perception written by Alexis Bozorg Grayeli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cross-Modal Learning: Adaptivity, Prediction and Interaction

Author : Jianwei Zhang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889762548
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Cross-Modal Learning: Adaptivity, Prediction and Interaction by : Jianwei Zhang

Download or read book Cross-Modal Learning: Adaptivity, Prediction and Interaction written by Jianwei Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this Research Topic is to reflect and discuss links between neuroscience, psychology, computer science and robotics with regards to the topic of cross-modal learning which has, in recent years, emerged as a new area of interdisciplinary research. The term cross-modal learning refers to the synergistic synthesis of information from multiple sensory modalities such that the learning that occurs within any individual sensory modality can be enhanced with information from one or more other modalities. Cross-modal learning is a crucial component of adaptive behavior in a continuously changing world, and examples are ubiquitous, such as: learning to grasp and manipulate objects; learning to walk; learning to read and write; learning to understand language and its referents; etc. In all these examples, visual, auditory, somatosensory or other modalities have to be integrated, and learning must be cross-modal. In fact, the broad range of acquired human skills are cross-modal, and many of the most advanced human capabilities, such as those involved in social cognition, require learning from the richest combinations of cross-modal information. In contrast, even the very best systems in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics have taken only tiny steps in this direction. Building a system that composes a global perspective from multiple distinct sources, types of data, and sensory modalities is a grand challenge of AI, yet it is specific enough that it can be studied quite rigorously and in such detail that the prospect for deep insights into these mechanisms is quite plausible in the near term. Cross-modal learning is a broad, interdisciplinary topic that has not yet coalesced into a single, unified field. Instead, there are many separate fields, each tackling the concerns of cross-modal learning from its own perspective, with currently little overlap. We anticipate an accelerating trend towards integration of these areas and we intend to contribute to that integration. By focusing on cross-modal learning, the proposed Research Topic can bring together recent progress in artificial intelligence, robotics, psychology and neuroscience.

Reflections on Mind and the Image of Reality

Author : Jason Brown
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1498240925
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Reflections on Mind and the Image of Reality by : Jason Brown

Download or read book Reflections on Mind and the Image of Reality written by Jason Brown and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2017-05-24 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of brief essays and still briefer commentaries is a personal reflection on some topics that have been thematic in the development of my theoretical work. These essays are not meant to extend the theory into yet-uncharted territory, but rather to draw out some of its implications for clinical neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and everyday life. The point of view guiding these reflections can be found in prior works, but the discerning reader will not fail to see a departure from current models of mind and brain based on circuit board diagrams, modular and computational theories that conflict with a processual account in which the mind/brain is more like a living organism. This perspective, which is often at odds with common sense and folk psychology, has particular relevance to our concepts of the self, the inner life, subjective time, adaptive process, and the world represented in perception.

Great Myths of the Brain

Author : Christian Jarrett
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118624505
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Great Myths of the Brain by : Christian Jarrett

Download or read book Great Myths of the Brain written by Christian Jarrett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Great Myths of the Brain introduces readers to the field of neuroscience by examining popular myths about the human brain. Explores commonly-held myths of the brain through the lens of scientific research, backing up claims with studies and other evidence from the literature Looks at enduring myths such as “Do we only use 10% of our brain?”, “Pregnant women lose their mind”, “Right-brained people are more creative” and many more. Delves into myths relating to specific brain disorders, including epilepsy, autism, dementia, and others Written engagingly and accessibly for students and lay readers alike, providing a unique introduction to the study of the brain Teaches readers how to spot neuro hype and neuro-nonsense claims in the media

The Sense of Agency

Author : Patrick Haggard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190267283
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sense of Agency by : Patrick Haggard

Download or read book The Sense of Agency written by Patrick Haggard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agency has two meanings in psychology and neuroscience. It can refer to one's capacity to affect the world and act in line with one's goals and desires--this is the objective aspect of agency. But agency can also refer to the subjective experience of controlling one's actions, or how it feels to achieve one's goals or affect the world. This subjective aspect is known as the sense of agency, and it is an important part of what makes us human. Interest in the sense of agency has exploded since the early 2000s, largely because scientists have learned that it can be studied objectively through analyses of human judgment, behavior, and the brain. This book brings together some of the world's leading researchers to give structure to this nascent but rapidly growing field. The contributors address questions such as: What role does agency play in the sense of self? Is agency based on predicting outcomes of actions? And what are the links between agency and motivation? Recent work on the sense of agency has been markedly interdisciplinary. The chapters collected here combine ideas and methods from fields as diverse as engineering, psychology, neurology, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind, making the book a valuable resource for any student or researcher interested in action, volition, and exploring how mind and brain are organized.

The Design of Virtual Environments

Author : Rory Stuart
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Design of Virtual Environments by : Rory Stuart

Download or read book The Design of Virtual Environments written by Rory Stuart and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1996 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a practical methodology for the design of virtual environments for an audience of engineers and researchers who need a more serious technical treatment of the subject than now exists. Each stage of the design process is described in detail. This book draws together vital information from all fields, providing both the theoretical and the practical knowledge needed to design VR systems that will solve real-world problems.

High-Level Adaptation and Aftereffects

Author : Rocco Palumbo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288945147X
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Level Adaptation and Aftereffects by : Rocco Palumbo

Download or read book High-Level Adaptation and Aftereffects written by Rocco Palumbo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aftereffects generally occur after a prolonged exposure (adaptation) to a first stimulus possessing one given property followed by presentation of a stimulus bearing a neutral value of that property. The aftereffect consists in a change in appearance of the neutral stimulus following the adapter, compared to the appearance of the neutral stimulus when it is perceived without any previous exposure to the adapter. The transient phenomena of perceptual aftereffects are believed to depend on the activation of neuron populations that respond selectively to a given property of the stimuli. Studying how adaptation occurs (which stimulus properties are sensitive to it, which timings are necessary, whether individual differences modulate its occurrence) has thus become an indirect way to probe the plasticity of sensory functions in the nervous system, recently extending to more cognitive and representational aspects of neural coding. In the last two decades, indeed, it has been demonstrated that aftereffects occur not only for low-level properties of stimuli (such as motion, color, or orientation) but also for high-level properties. Many studies have proven that high-level proprieties of the stimuli, e.g. gender, identity, ethnicity, or age of a face or a voice, are sensitive to this phenomenon. It has been shown, for example, that the prolonged exposure to a female or male face produces a gender misperception in the opposite direction when an androgynous face is shown after the adapter. Furthermore, recent studies have also shown that aftereffects are not strictly contingent upon the physical features that make up stimuli, but they seem to run across the high-level proprieties subjects are adapted to. These evidences are supported by cross-category adaptation studies, which underlie how aftereffects occur even across stimuli that do not share physical features (e.g. bodies and faces) but that instead, share common higher-level properties, such as gender. Given the growing body of research focused on adaptation and aftereffects in high-level perception at the boundaries with perceptual learning, attention and cognition, the purpose of this topic is to provide a picture of the state of the art relative to the specific phenomena of adaptation in high-level perceptual processing.

Analysing Organisations

Author : Sandra Dawson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349220612
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (492 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysing Organisations by : Sandra Dawson

Download or read book Analysing Organisations written by Sandra Dawson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-06-05 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For students who need to improve their understanding of organizations and the people in them. It is also relevant to those who are beginning a specialist study of organizations, particularly as it helps to bridge the gap between theory and practice. It is fully revised and updated.

Cognitive Illusions

Author : Rüdiger F Pohl
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317448286
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Illusions by : Rüdiger F Pohl

Download or read book Cognitive Illusions written by Rüdiger F Pohl and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory.