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Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor For Treating Groundwater Contaminated With High Perchlorate Concentrations
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Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor for Treating Groundwater Contaminated with High Perchlorate Concentrations by : Shalom Fox
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor for Treating Groundwater Contaminated with High Perchlorate Concentrations written by Shalom Fox and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology - Phase II by : L. Aldridge
Download or read book Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology - Phase II written by L. Aldridge and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1997, several perchlorate treatment technologies have proven to be technically feasible at drinking-water treatment scale: biological reduction, ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and granular activated carbon (GAC). The objectives of this project were to demonstrate the long-term performance of conventional ion-exchange technology for perchlorate removal and evaluate three disparate alternatives (chemical, biological, electrolytic) for brine treatment and reuse. This project evaluated three fundamentally different brine treatment and reuse processes. The first process, the biological brine treatment system, operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Spent 3 percent (0.5 N NaCl) brine was introduced to the nitrate and perchlorate degrading culture in the reactor and acetic acid was supplied to this culture as an electron donor for the reduction process. Once the nitrate and perchlorate were biodegraded, the mixture was settled, filtered, and amended with chloride before its reuse as regenerant solution. The second process, the physical/chemical brine treatment system, employed a high-pressure and high-temperature catalytic process to reduce the nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. After the process, the treated brine was ready for reuse without subsequent treatment. The system used a stoichiometric dose of a chemical reductant (ammonia) based on the measured concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate in the spent brine. The last process, a simple bipolar electrochemical cell, electrolytically reduced the perchlorate and/or nitrate present in the spent ion exchange brine. Once reduced, the brine could be immediately reused. This process did not require the addition of an electron donor as with the biological process, or a reductant as with the physical/chemical treatment process.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Water Composition on Perchlorate Removal from Polluted Ground-water Using an Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor (IEMB) by : Alon Zelichover
Download or read book The Effects of Water Composition on Perchlorate Removal from Polluted Ground-water Using an Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor (IEMB) written by Alon Zelichover and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Membrane Biofilm Reactor Process for Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal by : S. Adham
Download or read book Membrane Biofilm Reactor Process for Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal written by S. Adham and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project were to evaluate the performance of an innovative hydrogen-fed membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for nitrate and perchlorate removal, and identify the system operational and design parameters that affect the biological reduction process. The MBfR contained hollow-fiber membranes within a cylindrical module. Hydrogen was fed to the fibers filling the inside and passively diffusing through the membrane avoiding the formation of a hydrogen atmosphere and serving as an electron donor for the biofilm growing on the outside of the hollow fibers. The biofilm within the reactor was developed from the indigenous bacteria present in the groundwater and was not artificially inoculated or amended. Following the MBfR, an aeration process was employed to oxygenate the water in preparation for its introduction into a distribution system as a drinking water source. A subsequent media filter captured any sloughed biomass and provided a support for aerobic organisms to remove any residual dissolved hydrogen. Process Demonstration The MBfR process was demonstrated at pilot-scale to reduce perchlorate contaminated groundwater (55 ?g/L) to below the current 4 ?g/L California Department of Health Services (CaDHS) perchlorate action limit. The simultaneous removal of influent dissolved oxygen and nitrate to below detection limits was also observed. Their removal has been observed with the MBfR system operated at system flow rates corresponding to theoretical hydraulic residence times between 15 and 60 minutes. In addition, measured hydrogen consumption closely matches theoretical calculations based on stoichiometry and anaerobic biomass development. Microbial Ecology Bench-scale investigations into the microbial ecology of the mixed cultures in MBfRs revealed that perchlorate reducing bacteria (PCRB) were found to be present in a denitrifying system that had not been previously exposed to perchlorate. However, a dominant PCRB species increased from 14 to 21 percent of total bacteria when 100-?g/L perchlorate was added to the influent. Increasing perchlorate reduction led to further increases in the dominant PCBR and the perchlorate-removal capacity of MBfRs. Another important finding is that oxygen alone can serve as a primary acceptor for perchlorate reduction, and that the oxygen reduction appeared to be more favorable for perchlorate reduction than was nitrate reduction. Ultimately, full-scale application MBfR technology could effectively and economically be used to replace costly treatment technologies currently used by municipalities to treat perchlorate-contaminated drinking water sources. This research defined the critical parameters and operating conditions required for full-scale application and provided an extensive review of the critical water quality issues considered for drinking water by CaDHS and other state primacy agencies. In addition, this project has direct relevance to the application of biological treatment for the removal of nitrate (or other biologically reducible compounds) from contaminated groundwater. For a long time, biological denitrification has long been used in wastewater treatment, but not in drinking water treatment. Due to concerns about operating a biological process in a water treatment plant, nitrate removal in the United States has been largely limited to ion-exchange or membranes, both of which are expensive processes and can generate difficult to handle residuals. The results obtained in this study looked at simultaneous biological perchlorate removal and denitrification. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2004. This publication can be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Download or read book Perchlorate written by Baohua Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed description of perchlorate chemistry and recent advances in innovative remediation technologies for perchlorate contamination and their pros and cons Additionally, the first book to describe the natural occurrence of perchlorate and its unique isotopic signatures for environmental forensics and its detection in the environment, particularly the real-time analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Book Synopsis Bioreactor Systems for Treating Perchlorate-Contaminated Water by : B. Logan
Download or read book Bioreactor Systems for Treating Perchlorate-Contaminated Water written by B. Logan and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the project was to develop in the laboratory, and test in the field, a biological water treatment process for treating perchlorate-contaminated water. Bench- scale experiments were conducted on three processes: a packed bed reactor amended with soluble substrates (acetate); a hydrogen gas fed four-phase unsaturated trickle-type packed column; and a membrane-immobilized biofilm reactor. Based on these tests, one reactor system, an acetate-fed packed bed reactor (PSU-O4 system), was selected for further testing in pilot-plant tests at the Texas Street well field in Redlands, California. All three systems successfully removed perchlorate at rates sufficient to achieve an acceptable level of perchlorate removal for subsequent treatment for potable use. Pilot- scale tests at the Redlands site in California showed that perchlorate could be removed to non-detectable levels (
Book Synopsis Bottled and Packaged Water by : Alexandru Grumezescu
Download or read book Bottled and Packaged Water written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bottled and Packaged Water, Volume Four in The Science of Beverages series, offers great perspectives on current trends in drinking water research, quality control techniques, packaging strategies, and current concerns in the field, thus revealing the most novel standards in the industry. As consumer demand for bottled and packaged water has increased, the need for scientists and researchers to understand how to analyze water quality, safety, and control are essential. This all-encompassing resource for research and development in this flourishing field covers everything from sensory and chemical composition, to materials and manufacturing. - Presents a detailed analysis and sensory characteristics of water to foster research and innovation - Provides the latest technological advancements and microbiological characterization methods in the field - Includes regulatory tools for beverage packaging to help industry personnel maintain compliance
Book Synopsis Bioremediation Science by : Amitava Rakshit
Download or read book Bioremediation Science written by Amitava Rakshit and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides state of the art description of various approaches, techniques and some basic fundamentals of bioremediation to manage a variety of organic and inorganic wastes and pollutants present in our environment. A comprehensive overview of recent advances and new development in the field of bioremediation research are provided within relevant theoretical framework to improve our understanding for the cleaning up of polluted water and contaminated land. The book is easy to read and language can be readily comprehended by aspiring newcomer, students, researchers and anyone else interested in this field. Renowned scientists around the world working on the above topics have contributed chapters. In this edited book, we have addressed the scope of the inexpensive and energy neutral bioremediation technologies. The scope of the book extends to environmental/agricultural scientists, students, consultants, site owners, industrial stakeholders, regulators and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues by : Shree Nath Singh
Download or read book Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues written by Shree Nath Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial degradation, Phytoremediation, Remediation, Explosive residues, Biotransformation, Mineralization, Degradative Enzymes, Degradation Pathways, Energetics, Soil contamination, Water contamination.
Book Synopsis Biological Denitrification in a Continuous Flow Membrane Reactor by : Bruce Owen Mansell
Download or read book Biological Denitrification in a Continuous Flow Membrane Reactor written by Bruce Owen Mansell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Groundwater Research and Issues by : William B. Porter
Download or read book Groundwater Research and Issues written by William B. Porter and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of lithologic formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become fully saturated with water is called the water table. Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps, streams and can form oases or wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, also called groundwater hydrology. Typically groundwater is thought of as liquid water flowing through shallow aquifers, but technically it can also include soil moisture, permafrost (frozen soil), immobile water in very low permeability bedrock, and deep geothermal or oil formation water. Groundwater is hypothesised to provide lubrication which can possibly aid faults to move. This book presents important research in the field.
Book Synopsis Design and Operation of Novel Up-flow Bioreactor for Microbial Perchlorate Removal by : Brian Hubbard
Download or read book Design and Operation of Novel Up-flow Bioreactor for Microbial Perchlorate Removal written by Brian Hubbard and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perchlorate is a major groundwater contaminant that is derived mostly from anthropogenic activities. As more sensitive analytical techniques were developed, perchlorate was detected in groundwater throughout the United States. Due to the possibility of adverse health effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently set the perchlorate reference dose to 0.0007 mg/kg/day, which corresponds to a drinking water equivalent level of 24.5 ppb. In this research, a novel up-flow microbial reactor was constructed and operated to evaluate its effectiveness on the removal of high perchlorate concentrations in a synthetic wastewater containing acetate (600 mg/L) as the primary source of electrons. Batch kinetic tests were conducted to determine optimum flow rate for perchlorate removal. A flow rate of 150 mL/min sufficiently expanded bacteria matrices and provided the optimum perchlorate removal rate. A fluidized bed reactor (FBR), using granular activated carbon as attachment medium, was operated in parallel to compare the performance of the novel up-flow bioreactor to FBR process. In the fluidized bed reactor, twenty percent bed expansion was achieved at a flow rate of 780 mL/min. Batch perchlorate removal in both reactors followed first order kinetics and the first order removal rate constant for the up-flow reactor (k = -0.0654 min -1) was substantially higher than that of FBR (k = -0.0385 min -1). After batch-feed experiments, both up-flow bioreactor and FBR were modified for continuous treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L perchlorate and 600 mg/L acetate. The systems were operated at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 22, 15, 11 and 6 hours and daily influent and effluent perchlorate concentrations were measured to determine removal efficiencies. Complete removal of perchlorate was achieved with both systems at HRT of 22, 15, and 11 hours. Significant breakthrough of perchlorate occurred at HRT of six hours in the up-flow bioreactor. Breakthrough also occurred at six hours HRT for the fluidized bed reactor, but the effluent perchlorate concentration was substantially lower than that from up-flow bioreactor. Our results show that the up-flow bioreactor, operating at 20% the flow rate of an FBR, achieves similar effluent perchlorate concentrations and is a more cost effective treatment alternative.
Book Synopsis Demonstration of a Full-Scale Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for the Treatment of Perchlorate at Low Concentrations in Groundwater by :
Download or read book Demonstration of a Full-Scale Fluidized Bed Bioreactor for the Treatment of Perchlorate at Low Concentrations in Groundwater written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the treatment of low and high concentration levels of perchlorate laden groundwater to potable-like water using a biological fluidized bed reactor (FBR) treatment train. The objectives were to demonstrate: (1) complete treatment of nitrate and perchlorate to drinking water standards using a only a biological inoculum from the incoming groundwater and (2) the use of a downstream post aeration vessel, multimedia filter, and LGAC to produce a potable-like effluent water stream. For the study, the objectives were successfully demonstrated. Using only the groundwater, the FBR system was biologically seeded and demonstrated effective removal of the nitrate and perchlorate at the design loading conditions to meet the State of California Public Health Goal standards. In addition, the downstream equipment operated to produce an effluent water of potable quality, meeting all State of California primary and secondary MCL requirements established under Title 22.
Book Synopsis Treatment of Perchlorate Contaminated Water Using an Advanced Membrane Reactor by : Lokesh Pradeep Padhye
Download or read book Treatment of Perchlorate Contaminated Water Using an Advanced Membrane Reactor written by Lokesh Pradeep Padhye and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerobic Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by : Celeste Noreen Lewis
Download or read book Aerobic Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) written by Celeste Noreen Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is presented in groundwater and drinking water from industrial, water or wastewater treatment, and military/aerospace sources. NDMA is suspected human carcinogen and en emerging groundwater contaminant listed as priority pollutant in United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Contaminated Candidate List 3 (CCL-3) and requires many water utilities to monitor for NDMA. It has been detected at several Department of Defense (DoD) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sites in aquifers, where testing, production, or disposal of Jet fuel (Aerozine-50) unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) occurred. NDMA is produced in environment by natural oxidation of the Jet fuels. NDMA characteristics of miscibility in water, low vapor pressure, and low octanol water partition coefficient make treating with air stripping, bioaccumulation, adsorption, flocculation and coagulation, and reverse osmosis inefficient at removing it from contaminated water [31]. Currently, ultraviolet irradiation (UV) by pump-and-treat is the most commonly used and efficient technology to treat NDMA to date. However, due to large energy consumption of technology to break bonds of NDMA, it is very expensive to implement. The objective of this thesis is to confirm the feasibility of using a fluidized bed bioreactor (FBR as alternative technology for treating NDMA. This is a preliminary performance assessment study of pilot-scale FBR consisting of an efficient fixed-film bioreactor seeded with Rodococcus ruber ENV 425. ENV 425 is a propanotroph that uses cometabolic reaction to degrade NDMA, which results in the products of formate, nitrate, nitrite, methylamine, and carbon dioxide during its growth onto propane [56]. There are currently no federal regulations for NDMA in drinking water in terms of maximum contaminant level (MCL). However, it has grabbed the attention of many regulation agencies due to its public health risk of carcinogenicity and the growing quantity detected in drinking water sources. One of those agencies leading the way in making drinking water standards for it is California office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) [34]. California OEHHA has established a public health goal (PHG) for NDMA in drinking water of three parts-per-trillion (ppt or ng/L) based on cancer risk calculations [3]. The New Mexico Environmental Department initially established a 10 ng/L cleanup goal for NDMA at NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF), but in September of 2011, that requirement was changed to 4.2ng/L. The NASA WSTF is located near Las Cruces, New Mexico, and has a 4 mile radius contaminated groundwater plume under site from historical activities related to disposal, testing, evaluating of rocket engines, space flight components, and rocket propulsions systems in support of Apollo missions. The contaminated groundwater was first just treated by the UV irradiation system at plume-front facility location, but later on the Mid-Plume Interception and Treatment System (MPITS) facility was installed to treat groundwater that was isolated by geological fault in area by UV irradiation. The Pilot-scale FBR is stationed parallel with the UV remediation system, and it is supplied with contaminated groundwater from after the air stripper at rate ranging from 1-5 gpm. The influent and effluent water from the FBR was constantly monitored by different sampling and analysis procedures twice a week to demonstrate the effective performance of the FBR in treating NDMA. The FBR system was built upon the successful results from the bench-scale model, which was conducted by Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (CB & I), formally known as the Shaw Environmental Group, and Envirogen Technologies, Inc. The bench-scale effectively treated NDMA concentrations from 10-80[mu]g/L to below 10ng/L to below 10ng/L. The pilot-scale was operated under different conditions and tested by challenge experiments to simulate interruptions in operating conditions observed at full-scale systems. The pilot-scale study was also just as successful with NDMA concentrations from 1 [mu]g/L to below 4.2 ng/L. The seeded microorganism Rodococcus ruber ENV 425, which is attached onto the granular active carbon media in FBR column vessel, was out competed by another propanotroph organism Mycobacterium spp., and that organism was responsible for biodegrading NDMA. The GAC adsorption study proved that biodegradation is the main mechanism for removing NDMA since the GAC had little adsorption capacity for NDMA. This is shown by column experiments results of low GAC adsorption capacity of NDMA at
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Treatment and Downstream Processing of Perchlorate-contaminated Water by : Patrick J. Evans
Download or read book Biological Treatment and Downstream Processing of Perchlorate-contaminated Water written by Patrick J. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
