Investment Climate Effects On Alternative Firm Level Productivity Measures

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Structural Reforms and Firms’ Productivity: Evidence from Developing Countries

Author : Wilfried A. Kouamé
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484347005
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Reforms and Firms’ Productivity: Evidence from Developing Countries by : Wilfried A. Kouamé

Download or read book Structural Reforms and Firms’ Productivity: Evidence from Developing Countries written by Wilfried A. Kouamé and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the effects of structural reforms on firm-level productivity for 37 developing countries from 2006 to 2014 period. It takes advantage of the IMF Monitoring of Fund Arrangements dataset for reform indexes and the World Bank Enterprise Surveys for firm-level productivity. The paper highlights the following results. Structural reforms such as financial, fiscal, real sector, and trade reforms, significantly improve firm-level productivity. Interestingly, real sector reforms have the most sizeable effects on firm-level productivity. The relationship between structural reforms and firm-level productivity is nonlinear and shaped by some firms’ characteristics such as the financial access, the distortionary environment, and the size of firms. The pace of structural reforms matters since being a “strong reformer” is associated with a clear productivity dividend for firms. Finally, except for financial and trade reforms, all structural reforms under consideration are bilaterally complementary in improving firm-level productivity. These findings are robust to several sensitivity checks.

Competition and Firm Productivity

Author : Sandra Ospina
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451982119
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Competition and Firm Productivity by : Sandra Ospina

Download or read book Competition and Firm Productivity written by Sandra Ospina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of competition on firm productivity. Using firm-level observations from the World Bank Enterprise Survey database, we find a positive and robust causal relationship between our proxies for competition and our measures of productivity. We also find that countries that implemented product-market reforms had a more pronounced increase in competition, and correspondingly, in productivity: the contribution to productivity growth due to competition spurred by product-market reforms is around 12-15 percent.

Assessing the Impact of the Investment Climate on Productivity Using Firm-level Data

Author : Alvaro Escribano
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing the Impact of the Investment Climate on Productivity Using Firm-level Data by : Alvaro Escribano

Download or read book Assessing the Impact of the Investment Climate on Productivity Using Firm-level Data written by Alvaro Escribano and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries are increasingly concerned about improving country competitiveness and productivity as they face the increasing pressures of globalization and attempt to improve economic growth and reduce poverty. Among such countries, investment climate assessments (ICA) have become a standard instrument for identifying key obstacles to country competitiveness and imputing their impact on productivity, in order to prioritize policy reforms for enhancing competitiveness. Given the survey objectives and the nature and limitations of the data collected, the authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using different productivity measures based on data at the firm level. Their main objective is to develop a methodology to appropriately estimate, in a robust manner, the productivity impact of the investment climate variables. To illustrate the use of this methodology, the authors apply it to the data collected for ICAs in three countries-Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Observations in logarithms (logs) of the variables, and not in rates of growth, are pooled from all three countries. The econometric analysis is done with variables in logs to reduce the impact of measurement errors and allow inclusion of as many observations as possible since the "panel" data set is very unbalanced. The authors address the endogeneity of the production function inputs and of the investment climate variables by using a variant of the control function approach based on individual firm information, and by aggregating investment climate variables by industry and region. The authors show that it is possible to get robust results for 10 different productivity measures, if one follows a consistent econometric methodology of specification and estimation. For policy analysis, they recommend using those results of investment climate variables on productivity that are robust for most of the productivity measures. The also analyze efficiency aspects of firms in each country. Finally, they decompose the results to obtain country-specific impacts and establish corresponding priorities for policy reform. The actual estimates for the three countries show the level of significance of the impact of investment climate variables on productivity. Variables in several categories, red tape and infrastructure in particular, appear to account for over 30 percent of productivity. The policy implications are clear: investment climate matters enormously and the relative impact of the various investment climate variables indicates where reform efforts should be directed. Given the robustness of the results, the authors argue that the econometric methodology of productivity analysis developed here ought to be used as a benchmark to assess productivity effects for other ICAs or surveys with firm-level data of similar characteristics.

Producer Dynamics

Author : Timothy Dunne
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226172570
Total Pages : 623 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Producer Dynamics by : Timothy Dunne

Download or read book Producer Dynamics written by Timothy Dunne and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Census Bureau has recently begun releasing official statistics that measure the movements of firms in and out of business and workers in and out of jobs. The economic analyses in Producer Dynamics exploit this newly available data on establishments, firms, and workers, to address issues in industrial organization, labor, growth, macroeconomics, and international trade. This innovative volume brings together a group of renowned economists to probe topics such as firm dynamics across countries; patterns of employment dynamics; firm dynamics in nonmanufacturing industries such as retail, health services, and agriculture; employer-employee turnover from matched worker/firm data sets; and turnover in international markets. Producer Dynamics will serve as an invaluable reference to economists and policy makers seeking to understand the links between firms and workers, and the sources of economic dynamics, in the age of globalization.

Investment Climate Reforms

Author : World Bank World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464806292
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Investment Climate Reforms by : World Bank World Bank

Download or read book Investment Climate Reforms written by World Bank World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private firms are at the forefront of the development process, providing more than 90 percent of jobs, supplying goods and services, and representing a significant source of tax revenues. Their ability to grow, create jobs, and reduce poverty depends critically on a well-functioning investment climate--defined as the policy, legal, and institutional arrangements underpinning the functioning of markets and the level of transaction costs and risks associated with starting, operating, and closing a business. The World Bank Group has provided extensive support to investment climate reforms. This evaluation by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) assesses the relevance, effectiveness, and social value of World Bank Group support to investment climate reforms as it relates to concerns for inclusion and shared prosperity. IEG finds that the World Bank Group has supported a comprehensive menu of investment climate reforms and has improved investment climate in countries, as measured by number of laws enacted, streamlining of processes and time, or simple cost savings for private firms. However, the impact on investment, jobs, business formation, and growth is not straightforward. Regulatory reforms need to be designed and implemented with both economic and social costs and benefits in mind; IEG found that, in practice, World Bank Group support focuses predominantly on reducing costs to businesses. In supporting investment climate reforms, the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation use two distinct but complementary business models. Despite the fact that investment climate is the most integrated business unit in the World Bank Group, coordination is mostly informal, relying mainly on personal contacts. IEG recommends that the World Bank Group expand its range of diagnostic tools and integrate them in the areas of the business environment not yet covered by existing tools; develop an approach to identify the social effects of regulatory reforms on all groups expected to be affected by them beyond the business community; and exploit synergies by ensuring that World Bank and IFC staff improve their understanding of each other's work and business models.

Productivity in Emerging Countries

Author : Alvaro Escribano
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108905749
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Productivity in Emerging Countries by : Alvaro Escribano

Download or read book Productivity in Emerging Countries written by Alvaro Escribano and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging countries are increasingly concerned with improving their competitiveness and productivity. This Element develops a robust econometric methodology, based on controlling for usual unobservable effects at the firm or plant level. By robust empirical results in total factor productivity (TFP), we mean estimating investment climate (IC) elasticities, or semi-elasticities, with equal signs and similar magnitudes for more than ten different competing TFP measures. The key to achieve similar empirical results for several TFP measures is to avoid having a problem omitted variables, achieved through imputation of large proportions of missing observations in relevant variables (i.e. the capital stock). Furthermore through the use of a new concept of aggregate TFP (tfpIC), that measures the associated IC effects on firm ́s tfp, we are able to make meaningful cross-country firm ́s level productivity comparisons, avoiding the usual problem of comparing 'apples with oranges' that would otherwise occur if we directly compare country's TFP measurements.

Measuring Capital in the New Economy

Author : Carol Corrado
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226116174
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Capital in the New Economy by : Carol Corrado

Download or read book Measuring Capital in the New Economy written by Carol Corrado and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the accelerated technological advances of the past two decades continue to reshape the United States' economy, intangible assets and high-technology investments are taking larger roles. These developments have raised a number of concerns, such as: how do we measure intangible assets? Are we accurately appraising newer, high-technology capital? The answers to these questions have broad implications for the assessment of the economy's growth over the long term, for the pace of technological advancement in the economy, and for estimates of the nation's wealth. In Measuring Capital in the New Economy, Carol Corrado, John Haltiwanger, Daniel Sichel, and a host of distinguished collaborators offer new approaches for measuring capital in an economy that is increasingly dominated by high-technology capital and intangible assets. As the contributors show, high-tech capital and intangible assets affect the economy in ways that are notoriously difficult to appraise. In this detailed and thorough analysis of the problem and its solutions, the contributors study the nature of these relationships and provide guidance as to what factors should be included in calculations of different types of capital for economists, policymakers, and the financial and accounting communities alike.

A Mandate to Grow

Author : Eduardo A. Cavallo
Publisher : Inter-American Development Bank
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Mandate to Grow by : Eduardo A. Cavallo

Download or read book A Mandate to Grow written by Eduardo A. Cavallo and published by Inter-American Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018 Macroeconomic Report, A Mandate to Grow, revisits the growth debate that has been raging in the region for the past half century. Viewing the debate from this long-term perspective allows for a focus on the structural factors that have prevented Latin America and the Caribbean from reaching the growth potential required to keep pace with faster growing regions and to fulfill the aspirations of its population.

Regulation, Productivity and Growth

Author : Giuseppe Nicoletti
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Regulation, Productivity and Growth by : Giuseppe Nicoletti

Download or read book Regulation, Productivity and Growth written by Giuseppe Nicoletti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we relate the scope and depth of regulatory reforms to growth outcomes in OECD countries. By means of a new set of quantitative indicators of regulation, we show that the cross-country variation of regulatory settings has increased in recent years, despite extensive liberalisation and privatisation in the OECD area. We then look at the regulation-growth linkage using data that cover a large set of manufacturing and service industries over the past two decades. We focus on multifactor productivity (MFP), which plays a crucial role in GDP growth and accounts for a significant share of its cross-country variance. We find evidence that reforms promoting private governance and competition (where these are viable) tend to boost productivity. Both privatisation and entry liberalisation are estimated to have a positive impact on productivity. In manufacturing the gains are greater the further a given country is from the technology leader, suggesting that regulation limiting ...

Financing Patterns Around the World

Author : Thorsten Beck
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Financing Patterns Around the World by : Thorsten Beck

Download or read book Financing Patterns Around the World written by Thorsten Beck and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a firm-level survey database covering 48 countries, Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Maksimovic investigate whether differences in financial and legal development affect the way firms finance their investments. The results indicate that external financing of investments is not a function of institutions, although the form of external finance is. The authors identify two explanations for this. First, legal and financial institutions affect different types of external finance in offsetting ways. Second, firm size is an important determinant of whether firms can have access to different types of external finance. Larger firms with financing needs are more likely to use external finance compared with small firms. The results also indicate that these firms are more likely to use external finance in more developed financial systems, particularly debt and equity finance. The authors also find evidence consistent with the pecking order theory in financially developed countries, particularly for large firms. This paper--a product of Finance, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand firms' access to financial services.

Fiscal Incentives for Investment and Innovation

Author : Anwar Shah
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780821359020
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiscal Incentives for Investment and Innovation by : Anwar Shah

Download or read book Fiscal Incentives for Investment and Innovation written by Anwar Shah and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All countries, irrespective of their stage of development, offer tax and other incentives in order to stimulate investment in industrial and technological development. However, institutional aspects can hinder realisation of this potential, particularly in developing countries. This publication examines the effect of fiscal incentives on business activity and government revenues in developing countries, and compares their beneficial effects on investment with the resulting losses in tax revenues. The conclusion drawn is that a stable and credible tax regime, with tax rates roughly comparable to those of capital-exporting countries, is a prerequisite for effective investment incentives. Overall, a stable regime of low corporate taxes offers greater promise for investment promotion than a high-tax, high-incentive but unstable tax system.

The Investment Climate and the Firm

Author : Mary Hallward-Driemeier
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Investment Climate and the Firm by : Mary Hallward-Driemeier

Download or read book The Investment Climate and the Firm written by Mary Hallward-Driemeier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of a country's "investment climate" for economic growth has recently received much attention. Hallward-Driemeier, Wallsten, and Xu address the general lack of appropriate data for measuring the investment climate and its effects. The authors use a new survey of 1,500 Chinese enterprises in five cities to more precisely define and measure components of the investment climate, highlight the importance of firm-level data for rigorous analysis of the investment climate, and investigate empirically the effects of this comprehensive set of measures on firm performance in China. Overall, their firm-level analysis reveals that the main determinants of firm performance in China are international integration, entry and exit, labor market issues, technology use, and access to external finance. This paper--a product of Investment Climate, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the investment climate using firm-level datasets.

Managing Climate Risk in the U.S. Financial System

Author : Leonardo Martinez-Diaz
Publisher : U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
ISBN 13 : 057874841X
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (787 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Climate Risk in the U.S. Financial System by : Leonardo Martinez-Diaz

Download or read book Managing Climate Risk in the U.S. Financial System written by Leonardo Martinez-Diaz and published by U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission . This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication serves as a roadmap for exploring and managing climate risk in the U.S. financial system. It is the first major climate publication by a U.S. financial regulator. The central message is that U.S. financial regulators must recognize that climate change poses serious emerging risks to the U.S. financial system, and they should move urgently and decisively to measure, understand, and address these risks. Achieving this goal calls for strengthening regulators’ capabilities, expertise, and data and tools to better monitor, analyze, and quantify climate risks. It calls for working closely with the private sector to ensure that financial institutions and market participants do the same. And it calls for policy and regulatory choices that are flexible, open-ended, and adaptable to new information about climate change and its risks, based on close and iterative dialogue with the private sector. At the same time, the financial community should not simply be reactive—it should provide solutions. Regulators should recognize that the financial system can itself be a catalyst for investments that accelerate economic resilience and the transition to a net-zero emissions economy. Financial innovations, in the form of new financial products, services, and technologies, can help the U.S. economy better manage climate risk and help channel more capital into technologies essential for the transition. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247742

OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook 2021

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264852395
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook 2021 by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of the OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook reviews developments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for government borrowing needs, funding conditions and funding strategies in the OECD area.

New Developments in Productivity Analysis

Author : Charles R. Hulten
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226360644
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis New Developments in Productivity Analysis by : Charles R. Hulten

Download or read book New Developments in Productivity Analysis written by Charles R. Hulten and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The productivity slowdown of the 1970s and 1980s and the resumption of productivity growth in the 1990s have provoked controversy among policymakers and researchers. Economists have been forced to reexamine fundamental questions of measurement technique. Some researchers argue that econometric approaches to productivity measurement usefully address shortcomings of the dominant index number techniques while others maintain that current productivity statistics underreport damage to the environment. In this book, the contributors propose innovative approaches to these issues. The result is a state-of-the-art exposition of contemporary productivity analysis. Charles R. Hulten is professor of economics at the University of Maryland. He has been a senior research associate at the Urban Institute and is chair of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Michael Harper is chief of the Division of Productivity Research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Edwin R. Dean, formerly associate commissioner for Productivity and Technology at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is adjunct professor of economics at The George Washington University.

Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309471699
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.

Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498344658
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.