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Investigation Of Organic Xenobiotic Transfers Partitioning And Processing In Air Soil Plant Systems Using A Microcosm Apparatus Part 1
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Book Synopsis Investigation of organic xenobiotic transfers, partitioning and processing in air-soil-plant systems using a microcosm apparatus. Part 1 by : S C. Wilson
Download or read book Investigation of organic xenobiotic transfers, partitioning and processing in air-soil-plant systems using a microcosm apparatus. Part 1 written by S C. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A microcosm system was developed to investigate transfers of organic xenobiotics in air-soil-plant systems. This was validated using C-14 labelled 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) as a model compound. Trapping efficiency was 106 +/- 3 % for volatile compounds and 93.0 +/- 2.2 % for carbon dioxide in a blank microcosm arrangement. Recovery of 1,2-dichlorobenzene spiked to grassed and unplanted soils was > 90 % after 1 week. The predominant DCB loss process was volatilisation with no evidence for mineralisation over 1 week and 20 - 30 % of the added spike remained in soil. Although there was no evidence for root uptake and translocation of added label, foliar uptake of soil volatilised compound was detected. The microcosm showed good potential for study of C-14 labelled and unlabelled organic xenobiotic transfers in air-soil-plant systems with single plants and also intact planted cores.
Book Synopsis Investigation of organic xenobiotic transfers, partitioning and processing in air-soil plant systems using a microcosm apparatus. Part II by : S C. Wilson
Download or read book Investigation of organic xenobiotic transfers, partitioning and processing in air-soil plant systems using a microcosm apparatus. Part II written by S C. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis Partitioning and Transport of Organic Compounds in Air-plant-soil Systems by : Hayley Hing Ning Hung
Download or read book Partitioning and Transport of Organic Compounds in Air-plant-soil Systems written by Hayley Hing Ning Hung and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mass transfer and equilibrium phenomena experienced by semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in an air-plant-soil system were investigated with the objective of compiling a comprehensive mass balance model of the relevant processes. Quantitative-Structure-Property-Relationship (QSPR) methods were developed to estimate relevant physical chemical properties of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for modelling purposes. Activity coefficients in air, water and octanol were correlated with molecular structure using group contribution techniques. Activity coefficients for PCBs in octanol, ãO, were independent of chlorine number and an average value of 3.6 was determined. To establish the validity of treating plant saps as equivalent to water in vegetation models, solubilities of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene were measured in sucrose solutions (artificial plant saps) of various concentrations at three temperatures. The presence of sucrose induces either a positive or a negative effect on aqueous solubilities with no general trend. The magnitude of the effect is small. Enhanced mobility of organic compounds in certain plant species cannot be attributed to the presence of sucrose. Diurnal fluctuations in atmospheric concentrations of PCBs over grassland were modelled successfully using a sinusoidal function. An average terrestrial surface-air mass transfer rate constant of 0.25 h-1 or greater was estimated. Two field experiments were performed to measure the uptake and clearance processes in air-grass exchange. The uptake results, in which growing grass was segmented and analysed according to age, showed higher concentrations in the more exposed six-week-old tips, but relatively constant concentrations in less exposed one- to four-week-old segments. PCBs with log 'K OA' (octanol-air partition coefficient) greater than 9.2 fail to approach equilibrium in six weeks. Clearance rates of PCBs from artificially contaminated grass were measured and showed rapid initial clearance from the surface (corresponding to halflives of 0.95 to 5.0 h) followed by a much slower clearance from the inner leaf. Rates were independent of 'KOA ' but dependent on temperature. Two fugacity-based models were developed to interpret these field results. Major resistances in air-grass exchange were indicated as being present between the surface and the inner leaf; and between the canopy air and the air above. Diurnal temperature variations influenced concentrations in grass significantly.
Book Synopsis Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments by : National Research Council
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Beryllium by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Beryllium written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment by : Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
Download or read book Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment written by Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the vast variety of xenobiotics, such as pesticides, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, agrochemicals and other pollutants, their interactions with the soil environment, and the currently available strategies and techniques for soil decontamination and bioremediation. Topics covered include: transport mechanisms of pollutants along the Himalayas; use of earthworms in biomonitoring; metagenomic strategies for assessing contaminated sites; xenobiotics in the food chain; phyto-chemical remediation; biodegradation by fungi; and the use of enzymes and potential microbes in biotransformation. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable guide for scientists in the fields of environmental ecology, soil and food sciences, agriculture, and applied microbiology.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Nitrophenols by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Nitrophenols written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Pentachlorophenol by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Pentachlorophenol written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Tar Creosote written by C. Melber and published by WHO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Toxaphene by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Toxaphene written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Chlorophenols by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Chlorophenols written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 317: Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 317: Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes procedures designed to assess bioaccumulation of chemicals in soil oligochaetes. The parameters which characterise the bioaccumulation of a substance include the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), the uptake rate constant ...
Book Synopsis Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotic Compounds by : Des W. Connell
Download or read book Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotic Compounds written by Des W. Connell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the very few - if not only - books written exclusively related to this topic. This book comprehensively outlines the principles governing the accumulation of chemicals from the environment by organisms. Packed with tables and diagrams, this work reviews the experimental data available on both terrestrial and aquatic systems. It describes methods which are used to predict bioaccumulation of chemicals from their physicochemical properties. It also reviews environmental and other factors influencing bioaccumulation. This text also includes previously unpublished theoretical explanations of several bioaccumulation processes, including food chain biomagnification. Information in this exceptional volume is useful to government officials involved with environmental management, chemists, biologists, consultants working with chemical waste control, researchers, and graduate students.
