Investigation of Heat Transfer and Kinetic Mechanisms in Olefin Polymerisation

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Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (493 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Heat Transfer and Kinetic Mechanisms in Olefin Polymerisation by : Erik Eriksson

Download or read book Investigation of Heat Transfer and Kinetic Mechanisms in Olefin Polymerisation written by Erik Eriksson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lorsque la modélisation de la polymérisation des oléfines en phase gaz est envisagée, deux points doivent être étudiés, à savoir le transfert de chaleur et la cinétique de réaction. Le transfert de chaleur au sein d'une particule de polymère en croissance est contrôlé par plusieurs phénomènes tels que les interactions entre particules et/ou avec la paroi du réacteur, l'hydrodynamique, etc. Aux vues des risques de surchauffe de la particule au début de la polymérisation (le flux de chaleur volumétrique diminue rapidement lors de la croissance de la particule), l'étude se concentrera sur l'évolution de la température au sein d'une particule hautement réactive placée dans des configurations différentes, par exemple en contact ou non d'autres particules. La modélisation révèle que les interactions entre une petite particule très active et une grande moins active sont principalement gouvernées par les conditions hydrodynamiques aux environs de ces dernières. Ce phénomène est du à la formation d'une couche limite autour des particules solides qui affecte le transfert de chaleur. Cette étude nous a également permis de mettre en exergue l'importance de la prépolymérisation. En effet, celle-ci permet de réduire de manière considérable la température de la particule et donc les risques de surchauffe. Enfin, l'augmentation du diamètre initial de la particule augmente les possibilités de surchauffe. Concernant les interactions entre les particules de polymères en croissance et la paroi du réacteur, elles dépendent du diamètre initial de la particule mais aussi de la nature de la paroi. Les matériaux ayant une conductivité plus grande que le polymère (métal et verre) évacuent mieux la chaleur que ceux qui ont une conductivité plus faible. L'augmentation du diamètre initial semble accentuer cette observation. Finalement, la surface de contact entre la particule de polymère et la paroi du réacteur n'a que très peu d'influence sur la température de la particule. La partie expérimentale, où deux types de catalyseur Ziegler- Natta sont testés, montre que lors d'une polymérisation en conditions douces, la morphologie du polymère finale est fixée après seulement quelques minutes de réaction. En ce qui concerne l'activité, l'augmentation de la température et de la concentration en monomère, permet une activation plus rapide du catalyseur. L'addition d'hydrogène, quant à elle permet à la fois d'accentuer l'activation et la désactivation du catalyseur. Finalement, les propriétés final du polymère (cristallinité, température de fusion...) restent plus ou moins constante quelque soit les conditions. Enfin, des mesures de distribution de masses moléculaires et de composition chimique one été réalisées afin de comprendre comment les conditions réactionnelles les affectent. Ces données sont utilisées, via un deconvolution des valeurs, pour déterminer le nombre de sites actives de chacun des deux catalyseurs. La comparaison de la deconvolution des masses moléculaires er de la composition chimique permet de suivre l'évolution de la composition au cours de la polymérisation. Pour finir, nous avons montré que la présence d'une concentration élevée h'hydrogène ou de comonomère élargie la distribution des masses moléculaires alors qu'à faible concentration d'hydrogène celle-ci devient étroite.

An Advanced Stopped-flow Reactor for the Study of Olefin Polymerization

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Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis An Advanced Stopped-flow Reactor for the Study of Olefin Polymerization by : Yashmin Rafante Blazzio

Download or read book An Advanced Stopped-flow Reactor for the Study of Olefin Polymerization written by Yashmin Rafante Blazzio and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the undeniable relevance of polyolefin production, it is of great interest to understand the keyphenomena determining the quality of the polymerization process. lndustrial scale polymerization reactions could be metaphorically compared to the launching of a space rocket, in which the success of the entire process is highly dependent on the mastery of the initial moments. This so-called 'nascent phase' of the polymerization (10-1 to 102 s) is crucial in ensuring a satisfactory operation and properties of the final polymer. lt is then that the catalyst activation takes place, the particle morphology is defined and the system is in its highest potential for mass transfer and heat transfer limitations.Studying such short time-frames is challenging for a number of reasons (that we will see throughout this work) and requires specially adapted tools. Previous works from our research group have shown how the stopped-flow technique is a promising method to study aspects related to heat transfer and morphology evolution at early stages in gas-phase. lt is mainly for this reason that the focus of the current project was on the improvement of such tools. The novel reactor developed in this work was especially designed to tackle some of the limitations encountered with the previous versions, mainly aspects related to poor heat evacuation, lack of robustness and imprecision in experimental measurements.The first part of this PhD describes all steps taken until successful optimization of the hardware component of the novel stopped-flow reactor. The new set-up was a product of our innovative approach towards the reactor geometry (annular) and the tailored execution from a specialized engineering firm. Several improvements were achieved, such as the optimization of the reactor dimensions, the automated control of all functions and a wider range of operation conditions. Moreover, the capacity was highly improved by the possibility of injecting several gases simultaneously, as well as components that are liquid at room temperature. The new tool allows to perform polymerization reactions as short as 3s in gas phase, in reaction conditions that are representative of heat and mass transfer phenomena present in industrial scales.ln the second part of this work, we have developed a software component for the novel reactor, which consisted of a reactor model and state-observer. This tool was developed to estimate the dynamic polymerization rates from the temperature measurements and overcome the one-point character of such experiments (which provide no real information on the catalyst kinetics). For this purpose, a simplified one-dimensional model at the macromolecular level was developed and validated with experimental data.At last, with hardware and software components at hand, we have demonstrated the usefulness of the new tool in specific case studies with different silica supported metallocene catalysts. ln the first case study, we evaluated the impact of the pore structure of the support on the catalyst kinetics, polymer properties and particle morphology at short reaction times. On the second case study, we investigated the effect of various experimental conditions (reaction time, comonomer and hydrogen content) on the behavior of two different catalyst families. From both studies, the estimated reaction rates at early stages (

Kinetic Modeling of Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization with Investigation of Hydrogen & Comonomer Rate Effects and Branching Via Internal & Terminal Double Bond Polymerization

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Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Kinetic Modeling of Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization with Investigation of Hydrogen & Comonomer Rate Effects and Branching Via Internal & Terminal Double Bond Polymerization by : W. K. Alex Shaffer

Download or read book Kinetic Modeling of Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization with Investigation of Hydrogen & Comonomer Rate Effects and Branching Via Internal & Terminal Double Bond Polymerization written by W. K. Alex Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Olefin Polymerization with Supported Metallocene Catalysts

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Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Olefin Polymerization with Supported Metallocene Catalysts by : Shreyas Chakravarti

Download or read book Olefin Polymerization with Supported Metallocene Catalysts written by Shreyas Chakravarti and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalytic Polymerization of Olefins

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080960596
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Polymerization of Olefins by : T. Keii

Download or read book Catalytic Polymerization of Olefins written by T. Keii and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1986-04-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the proceedings of a symposium which was attended by researchers from all over the world who reported on and discussed recent advances in the field of catalytic polymerization of olefins.Over two decades have elapsed since the discovery of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Tremendous research effort has been aimed at improving this marvelous catalyst. In twenty-five years since the first publication, more than 15,000 papers and patents on the subject and on related subjects have appeared. This effort has yielded new generations of Ziegler-Natta catalysts with superior activity and stereospecificity. The complexities arising from the heterogeneity of the catalyst, however, have hindered understanding of the catalytic processes which take place on the catalyst surface. Nevertheless, many fundamental features of the catalyst system have now been clarified reasonably well. Recently a highly active homogeneous catalytic system has been developed, which is capable of catalyzing even isotactic polymerization of propene. There is no doubt that this finding will not only contribute to our understanding of the detailed mechanism of polymerization but also stimulate the development of various kinds of tailored polymers. Thus this subject will remain of paramount importance in the development of chemistry and polymer science for a long time to come.

Olefin Polymerization

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Publisher : Wiley-VCH
ISBN 13 : 9783527317424
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Olefin Polymerization by : Walter Kaminsky

Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.

Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

OAR

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Download or read book OAR written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

American Doctoral Dissertations

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1074 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Graduate Studies

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Graduate Studies by :

Download or read book Graduate Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

AIChE Publications

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis AIChE Publications by : Nichigai Asoshiētsu

Download or read book AIChE Publications written by Nichigai Asoshiētsu and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Journal of Applied Chemistry

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Journal of Applied Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Atomic Energy Research

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Atomic Energy Research by : U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

Download or read book Atomic Energy Research written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Atomic Energy Research in the Life and Physical Sciences

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Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Atomic Energy Research in the Life and Physical Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Science Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sci-tech Book Profiles

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1208 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Sci-tech Book Profiles written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes title page, table of contents, list of contributors, preface and all indexes of each book.