Investigating Climate And Land Cover Driven Changes To Surface And Groundwater Resources Across Scales In The Amazon Basin

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Investigating Climate and Land Cover Driven Changes to Surface and Groundwater Resources Across Scales in the Amazon Basin

Author : Brent Porter Heerspink
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigating Climate and Land Cover Driven Changes to Surface and Groundwater Resources Across Scales in the Amazon Basin by : Brent Porter Heerspink

Download or read book Investigating Climate and Land Cover Driven Changes to Surface and Groundwater Resources Across Scales in the Amazon Basin written by Brent Porter Heerspink and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Amazon River and its associated tropical rainforest represent one of the words most important freshwater systems. The Amazon responsible for globally important water, nutrient and energy fluxes. Together the river and rainforest account for ~20% of global freshwater, 10% of global species diversity and store roughly 150Pg of carbon. Alterations to the Amazon's landscape including deforestation, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, increased forest fire occurrence and changing precipitation patterns threaten the stability of the system. In this thesis, I work toward a better understanding how water resources are responding to changes in climate and land cover across the Amazon Basin. In Chapter 1, I investigate how deforestation and climate change have altered the water balance in the Amazon Basin. Specifically, I used statistical analyses to quantify changes in streamflow, groundwater storage, and evapotranspiration, and link these the observed changes in land cover and precipitation. In Chapter 2, I focus on how groundwater dynamics are altered by deforestation and conversation to agriculture. To address these question, I developed a groundwater model for a site representative of the heavily defrosted southern headwaters of the Amazon Basin. Together, these efforts reveal how deforestation and climate change are effecting water resources in the Amazon. Better understanding these effects will be crucial to developing policy that balances resource development and environmental impact in this critically important region.

Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate

Author : Pavel Kabat
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642189482
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate by : Pavel Kabat

Download or read book Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate written by Pavel Kabat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. The text deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change. The results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.

Evaluating Climate Variability and Coupling Strength of Land-atmosphere Interactions Across the Amazon Basin

Author : Nafiseh Haghtalab
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating Climate Variability and Coupling Strength of Land-atmosphere Interactions Across the Amazon Basin by : Nafiseh Haghtalab

Download or read book Evaluating Climate Variability and Coupling Strength of Land-atmosphere Interactions Across the Amazon Basin written by Nafiseh Haghtalab and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Amazon basin, which contains about 60% of tropical rainforests in the world, plays vital roles in regulating climate patterns, sustaining ecosystem services, contributing to global biodiversity, and cycling nutrients. These services, however, have been disrupted by human activities within the region due to infrastructure development and resource extraction. These land-use changes have impacts from local to global scales, particularly on climate and hydrologic cycles, but the extent to which is unclear. Therefore, it is essential to examine precipitation variability and look for drivers of changes at multiple spatio-temporal scales. Analysis of hot spots of land-atmosphere interactions highlights the areas where changes in land surface characteristics influence the atmosphere behavior the most. This dissertation focuses on climate variability and land-atmosphere coupling across the Amazon basin. Research questions are addressed in three self-contained chapters. Chapter 2 examines the changes in precipitation amount and intensity using a high-resolution (0.05℗ʻ spatial resolution) gridded data set (CHIRPS) from 1982 to 2018. Several precipitation indices are developed to analyze trends using the Mann-Kendall test. Our results show landscape-scale changes in the timing and intensity of rainfall events. Specifically, wet areas of the western basin have become significantly wetter since 1982, with an increase of 182 mm of rainfall per year. In the eastern and southern regions, where deforestation is widespread, a significant drying trend is evident. In chapter 3, we aim to examine the impacts of potential tropical reforestation on surface energy and moisture budgets, including precipitation. We simulated changes in heat and moisture fluxes due to tropical reforestation using WRF.V3.9 (Weather Research and Forecast model) to analyze the sensitivity and magnitude of changes to the surface fluxes due to reforestation in the Amazon Basin. We found that the effects of reforestation on the atmosphere were more evident during the dry season; spatial patterns of the changes in atmospheric behavior due to reforestation were consistent with the pattern of land cover change, and the cooling effect of reforestation was evident at seasonal time scale. In chapter 4, following the results of chapter 3 on the effects of land surface characteristics on atmosphere behavior, we aim to find hot spots of strong land-atmosphere (L-A) coupling across the basin at regional scales. Strong land-atmosphere coupling is critical to understanding precipitation dynamics. Therefore, we applied two commonly used coupling approaches at the regional spatial scale and monthly temporal scale. Ultimately, we recommend a new metric considering more physical relationships, interactions, and lag times between variables. We found that the spatial pattern of hot spots is highly dependent on the temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Also, the interactions among variables within the boundary layer play a more important role in determining the hot spots of strong L-A coupling. Overall, the evidence provided here suggests that (1) precipitation distribution has changed over time (1982-2018) with wet areas getting wetter and dry areas getting drier across the Amazon basin; (2) reforestation of deforested regions across the basin moderates atmospheric patterns and behavior; (3) hot spots of strong L-A coupling are highly dependent on temporal and spatial scales of analysis as well as parameters interactions within the boundary layer.

Climate Change Effects on Groundwater Resources

Author : Holger Treidel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0415689368
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Effects on Groundwater Resources by : Holger Treidel

Download or read book Climate Change Effects on Groundwater Resources written by Holger Treidel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is expected to modify the hydrological cycle and affect freshwater resources. Groundwater is a critical source of fresh drinking water for almost half of the world’s population and it also supplies irrigated agriculture. Groundwater is also important in sustaining streams, lakes, wetlands, and associated ecosystems. But despite this, knowledge about the impact of climate change on groundwater quantity and quality is limited. Direct impacts of climate change on natural processes (groundwater recharge, discharge, storage, saltwater intrusion, biogeochemical reactions, chemical fate and transport) may be exacerbated by human activities (indirect impacts). Increased groundwater abstraction, for example, may be needed in areas with unsustainable or contaminated surface water resources caused by droughts and floods. Climate change effects on groundwater resources are, therefore, closely linked to other global change drivers, including population growth, urbanization and land-use change, coupled with other socio-economic and political trends. Groundwater response to global changes is a complex function that depends on climate change and variability, topography, aquifer characteristics, vegetation dynamics, and human activities. This volume contains case studies from diverse aquifer systems, scientific methods, and climatic settings that have been conducted globally under the framework of the UNESCO-IHP project Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Change (GRAPHIC). This book presents a current and global synthesis of scientific findings and policy recommendations for scientists, water managers and policy makers towards adaptive management of groundwater sustainability under future climate change and variability.

Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin

Author : Laszlo Nagy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662499029
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin by : Laszlo Nagy

Download or read book Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin written by Laszlo Nagy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a panorama of recent scientific achievements produced through the framework of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere programme (LBA) and other research programmes in the Brazilian Amazon. The content is highly interdisciplinary, with an overarching aim to contribute to the understanding of the dynamic biophysical and societal/socio-economic structure and functioning of Amazonia as a regional entity and its regional and global climatic teleconnections. The target readership includes advanced undergraduate and post-graduate students and researchers seeking to untangle the gamut of interactions that the Amazon’s complex biophysical and social system represent.

Scale Dependent Climate Change Due to Deforestation in Amazonia

Author : Sara A. Rauscher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Scale Dependent Climate Change Due to Deforestation in Amazonia by : Sara A. Rauscher

Download or read book Scale Dependent Climate Change Due to Deforestation in Amazonia written by Sara A. Rauscher and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Amazonia and Global Change

Author : Michael Keller
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118671511
Total Pages : 1472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Amazonia and Global Change by : Michael Keller

Download or read book Amazonia and Global Change written by Michael Keller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 186. Amazonia and Global Change synthesizes results of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) for scientists and students of Earth system science and global environmental change. LBA, led by Brazil, asks how Amazonia currently functions in the global climate and biogeochemical systems and how the functioning of Amazonia will respond to the combined pressures of climate and land use change, such as Wet season and dry season aerosol concentrations and their effects on diffuse radiation and photosynthesis Increasing greenhouse gas concentration, deforestation, widespread biomass burning and changes in the Amazonian water cycle Drought effects and simulated drought through rainfall exclusion experiments The net flux of carbon between Amazonia and the atmosphere Floodplains as an important regulator of the basin carbon balance including serving as a major source of methane to the troposphere The impact of the likely increased profitability of cattle ranching. The book will serve a broad community of scientists and policy makers interested in global change and environmental issues with high-quality scientific syntheses accessible to nonspecialists in a wide community of social scientists, ecologists, atmospheric chemists, climatologists, and hydrologists.

The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin

Author : Michael E. McClain
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195354230
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin by : Michael E. McClain

Download or read book The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin written by Michael E. McClain and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-08 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a complex assemblage of largely intact ecosystems that support the earth's greatest diversity of life, the Amazon basin is a focal point of international scientific interest. And, as development and colonization schemes transform the landscape in increasing measure, scientists from around the world are directing attention to questions of regional and global significance. Some of these qustions are: What are the fluxes of greenhouse gases across the atmospheric interface of ecosystems? How mush carbon is stored in the biomass and soils of the basin? How are elements from the land transferred to the basin's surface waters? What is the sum of elements transferred from land to ocean, and what is its marine "fate"? This book of original chapters by experts in chemical and biological oceanography, tropical agronomy and biology, and the atmospheric sciences will address these and other important questions, with the aim of synthesizing the current knowledge of biochemical processes operating within and between the various ecosystems in the Amazon basin.

Impacts of Land Cover and Climate Change on Water Resources in Suasco River Watershed

Author : Ammara Talib
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of Land Cover and Climate Change on Water Resources in Suasco River Watershed by : Ammara Talib

Download or read book Impacts of Land Cover and Climate Change on Water Resources in Suasco River Watershed written by Ammara Talib and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT IMPACTS OF LAND COVER AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES IN SUASCO RIVER WATERSHED September 2015 AMMARA TALIB, BS., PUNJAB UNIVERSITY LAHORE MS., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Tim Randhir Hydrological balance and biogeochemical processes in watershed are significantly influenced by changes in land use land cover (LULC) and climate change. Those changes can influence interception, evapotranspiration (ET), infiltration, soil moisture, water balance and biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and other elements at regional to global scales. The impacts of these hydrological disturbances are generally reflected in form of increasing runoff rate and volume, more intense and frequent floods, decreasing groundwater recharge and base flow, elevated levels of sediments and increase in concentration of nutrients in both streams and shallow groundwater. Water quality of Sudbury, Assabet and Concord (SuAsCo) watershed in Massachusetts is also compromised because of influx of runoff, sediments and nutrients. There is a crucial need to evaluate the synergistic effects of LULC change and climate change on the water quality and water quantity in a watershed system. A watershed simulation model is used to simulate hydrologic processes and water quality changes in sediment loads, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The model is calibrated and validated with field-measured data. Climatic scenarios are represented by downscaled regional projections from Global Climate Model (GCM) models and regional built out scenarios of LULC are used to assess the impacts of projected LULC and climate change on water quality and water quantity. Simultaneous changes in LULC and climate significantly affect the water resources in the SuAsCo River watershed. Change in climate increased ET (4.7 %) because of high temperature, but independent change in land cover reduced ET (6.5%) because of less available vegetation. Combined change in land cover and climate reduced ET (2.1%) overall, which indicates that land cover change has significant impact on ET. Change in climate increased total run off (6%) and this increase is more significant as compared to 2.7 % increase in total runoff caused by land cover change. Change in land cover increased surface runoff more significantly (69.2%) than 7.9 % increase caused by climate change. Combined change in land cover and climate further increased the average storm peak volume (12.8 percent) because of high precipitation and impervious area in future. There is a potential for reducing runoff, sediments and nutrients loads by using conservation policies and adaptation strategies. This research provides valuable information about the dynamics of watershed system, as well as the complex processes that impair water resources.

Earth Observation for Water Resources Management

Author : Luis García
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464804761
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Observation for Water Resources Management by : Luis García

Download or read book Earth Observation for Water Resources Management written by Luis García and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water systems are building blocks for poverty alleviation, shared growth, sustainable development, and green growth strategies. They require data from in-situ observation networks. Budgetary and other constraints have taken a toll on their operation and there are many regions in the world where the data are scarce or unreliable. Increasingly, remote sensing satellite-based earth observation is becoming an alternative. This book briefly describes some key global water challenges, perspectives for remote sensing approaches, and their importance for water resources-related activities. It describes eight key types of water resources management variables, a list of sensors that can produce such information, and a description of existing data products with examples. Earth Observation for Water Resources Management provides a series of practical guidelines that can be used by project leaders to decide whether remote sensing may be useful for the problem at hand and suitable data sources to consider if so. The book concludes with a review of the literature on reliability statistics of remote-sensed estimations.

Amazonian Deforestation and Climate

Author : J. H. C. Gash
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Amazonian Deforestation and Climate by : J. H. C. Gash

Download or read book Amazonian Deforestation and Climate written by J. H. C. Gash and published by . This book was released on 1996-06-19 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the carefully made measurements in the pasture and rainforest at a series of sites across Amazonia. The data are analysed and interpreted to allow them to be used as the basis of accurate and realistic description of the land surface in the global circulation model which are used to predict the climate effect of large scale deforestation. Results are presented at all scales: for the centimetre scale of leaf and soil moisture measurementes, the field scale of micrometeorological flux measurements, through to the scale of meteorological models which predict the climate of the whole Amazonian basin.

Water Resources in the Amazon Basin

Author : Marcos Heil Costa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Resources in the Amazon Basin by : Marcos Heil Costa

Download or read book Water Resources in the Amazon Basin written by Marcos Heil Costa and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Resources

Author : Balamurugan Panneerselvam
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031047079
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Resources by : Balamurugan Panneerselvam

Download or read book Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Resources written by Balamurugan Panneerselvam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses climate change impacts on groundwater quality in arid and semi-arid regions, and provides human health risk assessments due to pollution of surface and groundwater. The book presents recent trends in monitoring groundwater management and implementing pollution mitigation strategies, including practices involving remote sensing and GIS techniques, entropy water quality index, weighted arithmetic water quality index, fuzzy logic applications, and improved irrigation methods. The book also outlines hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid regions and hydrochemical properties of surface and groundwater as a necessary background for understanding how pollution impacts groundwater quality and resources, and how geographical modeling of hydrological processes can aid in human health risk assessments. The book is intended for academics, administrators, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of climate change impact on groundwater quality, hydrological process, pollution mitigation strategies, sustainable development, and environmental planning and management.

Treatise on Water Science

Author :
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444531998
Total Pages : 2131 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatise on Water Science by :

Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth

Reducing Forest Emissions in the Amazon Basin

Author : Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing Forest Emissions in the Amazon Basin by : Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff

Download or read book Reducing Forest Emissions in the Amazon Basin written by Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land-use change and deforestation in Latin America generally, and in the Amazon Basin specifically, are driven primarily by economic profitability (agricultural expansion and logging) and governance weaknesses (notably, lenient law enforcement), and only to a much lesser extent by deterministic poverty cycles. Nevertheless, poor forest dwellers (indigenous communities, smallholders, rubber tappers) have the potential to be important stakeholders in stabilizing Amazonian land use. Changing incentives for big deforestation actors will likely have indirect effects also on these poor people, to the extent that they might gain or lose from deforesting and degrading activities. Large-scale strategies to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation will thus require social impact assessments that account for leakage and perverse incentive scenarios. Latin America has been a pioneer in testing and implementing PES ('Payments for environmental services') schemes in developing countries, and these experiences are of high value to regional REDD ('Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation') policy design. However, ideological resistance against PES/REDD in Amazonia also exists due to fears that such schemes will lead to the loss of land rights or of sovereignty. In these situations, intermediaries whom both service buyers and sellers trust can play an important role in mediating and catalyzing initiatives. In addition, a significant share of deforestation in the Amazon (and in other tropical forest frontiers) happens through private illegal, but often tolerated, occupation and clearing of government-owned forestlands. This type of deforestation cannot be stopped through landowner payments of the PES type since there are no legitimate landowners available to compensate for their conservation efforts.

Effects of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Water Cycle in the Amazon Basin Under a Changing Climate

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789463953085
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Water Cycle in the Amazon Basin Under a Changing Climate by :

Download or read book Effects of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Water Cycle in the Amazon Basin Under a Changing Climate written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition, secondary forest takes more carbon from the atmosphere than pasture sites, playing an important role on carbon uptake from the atmosphere together with primary forest, minimizing emission from deforestation.

Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on Watersheds in a Changing Climate

Author : Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036502661
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on Watersheds in a Changing Climate by : Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes

Download or read book Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on Watersheds in a Changing Climate written by Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immediate goal of this Special Issue was the characterization of land uses and occupations (LULC) in watersheds and the assessment of impacts caused by anthropogenic activities. The goal was immediate because the ultimate purpose was to help bring disturbed watersheds to a better condition or a utopian sustainable status. The steps followed to attain this objective included publishing studies on the understanding of factors and variables that control hydrology and water quality changes in response to human activities. Following this first step, the Special Issue selected work that described adaption measures capable of improving the watershed condition (water availability and quality), namely LULC conversions (e.g., monocultures into agro-forestry systems). Concerning the LULC measures, however, efficacy was questioned unless supported by public programs that force consumers to participate in concomitant costs, because conversions may be viewed as an environmental service.