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Invention Of Numbers
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Book Synopsis The Invention of Numbers by : Peter Bentley
Download or read book The Invention of Numbers written by Peter Bentley and published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. This book was released on 2016-08-11 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numbers are at the heart of the existence of the universe and everything in it, and yet a lot of us have little understanding of their creation, let alone their part in philosophy, art, music, physics, literature, religion and computing. Dr Bentley's fascinating history of the origins of numbers will unlock the secrets of these things that we take for granted and shows how numbers seem to take on human characteristiscs - as they can be perfect or irrational, amicable or prime, real or imaginary. From zero to infinity, learn about the way numbers have shaped our world, discover amazing facts and enjoy the pure beauty of mathematical logic.
Book Synopsis Making up Numbers: A History of Invention in Mathematics by : Ekkehard Kopp
Download or read book Making up Numbers: A History of Invention in Mathematics written by Ekkehard Kopp and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making up Numbers: A History of Invention in Mathematics offers a detailed but accessible account of a wide range of mathematical ideas. Starting with elementary concepts, it leads the reader towards aspects of current mathematical research. The book explains how conceptual hurdles in the development of numbers and number systems were overcome in the course of history, from Babylon to Classical Greece, from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, and so to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The narrative moves from the Pythagorean insistence on positive multiples to the gradual acceptance of negative numbers, irrationals and complex numbers as essential tools in quantitative analysis. Within this chronological framework, chapters are organised thematically, covering a variety of topics and contexts: writing and solving equations, geometric construction, coordinates and complex numbers, perceptions of ‘infinity’ and its permissible uses in mathematics, number systems, and evolving views of the role of axioms. Through this approach, the author demonstrates that changes in our understanding of numbers have often relied on the breaking of long-held conventions to make way for new inventions at once providing greater clarity and widening mathematical horizons. Viewed from this historical perspective, mathematical abstraction emerges as neither mysterious nor immutable, but as a contingent, developing human activity. Making up Numbers will be of great interest to undergraduate and A-level students of mathematics, as well as secondary school teachers of the subject. In virtue of its detailed treatment of mathematical ideas, it will be of value to anyone seeking to learn more about the development of the subject.
Book Synopsis A Brief History of Numbers by : Leo Corry
Download or read book A Brief History of Numbers written by Leo Corry and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world around us is saturated with numbers. They are a fundamental pillar of our modern society, and accepted and used with hardly a second thought. But how did this state of affairs come to be? In this book, Leo Corry tells the story behind the idea of number from the early days of the Pythagoreans, up until the turn of the twentieth century. He presents an overview of how numbers were handled and conceived in classical Greek mathematics, in the mathematics of Islam, in European mathematics of the middle ages and the Renaissance, during the scientific revolution, all the way through to the mathematics of the 18th to the early 20th century. Focusing on both foundational debates and practical use numbers, and showing how the story of numbers is intimately linked to that of the idea of equation, this book provides a valuable insight to numbers for undergraduate students, teachers, engineers, professional mathematicians, and anyone with an interest in the history of mathematics.
Book Synopsis Numbers and the Making of Us by : Caleb Everett
Download or read book Numbers and the Making of Us written by Caleb Everett and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A fascinating book.” —James Ryerson, New York Times Book Review A Smithsonian Best Science Book of the Year Winner of the PROSE Award for Best Book in Language & Linguistics Carved into our past and woven into our present, numbers shape our perceptions of the world far more than we think. In this sweeping account of how the invention of numbers sparked a revolution in human thought and culture, Caleb Everett draws on new discoveries in psychology, anthropology, and linguistics to reveal the many things made possible by numbers, from the concept of time to writing, agriculture, and commerce. Numbers are a tool, like the wheel, developed and refined over millennia. They allow us to grasp quantities precisely, but recent research confirms that they are not innate—and without numbers, we could not fully grasp quantities greater than three. Everett considers the number systems that have developed in different societies as he shares insights from his fascinating work with indigenous Amazonians. “This is bold, heady stuff... The breadth of research Everett covers is impressive, and allows him to develop a narrative that is both global and compelling... Numbers is eye-opening, even eye-popping.” —New Scientist “A powerful and convincing case for Everett’s main thesis: that numbers are neither natural nor innate to humans.” —Wall Street Journal
Book Synopsis The Universal History of Numbers by : Georges Ifrah
Download or read book The Universal History of Numbers written by Georges Ifrah and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2000-10-09 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Georges Ifrah is the man. This book, quite simply, rules. . . . It is outstanding . . . a mind-boggling and enriching experience." –The Guardian (London) "Monumental. . . . a fascinating journey taking us through many different cultures."–The Times (London)"Ifrah’s book amazes and fascinates by the scope of its scholarship. It is nothing less than the history of the human race told through figures." –International Herald Tribune Now in paperback, here is Georges Ifrah’s landmark international bestseller–the first complete, universal study of the invention and evolution of numbers the world over. A riveting history of counting and calculating, from the time of the cave dwellers to the twentieth century, this fascinating volume brings numbers to thrilling life, explaining their development in human terms, the intriguing situations that made them necessary, and the brilliant achievements in human thought that they made possible. It takes us through the numbers story from Europe to China, via ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia, Latin America, India, and the Arabic countries. Exploring the many ways civilizations developed and changed their mathematical systems, Ifrah imparts a unique insight into the nature of human thought–and into how our understanding of numbers and the ways they shape our lives have changed and grown over thousands of years. "Dazzling."–Kirkus Reviews "Sure to transfix readers."–PublishersWeekly
Book Synopsis Number Words and Number Symbols by : Karl Menninger
Download or read book Number Words and Number Symbols written by Karl Menninger and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classic study discusses number sequence and language and explores written numerals and computations in many cultures. "The historian of mathematics will find much to interest him here both in the contents and viewpoint, while the casual reader is likely to be intrigued by the author's superior narrative ability." -Library Journal.282 illustrations. 1969 edition.
Download or read book From One to Zero written by Georges Ifrah and published by Penguin Group. This book was released on 1987 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Traces the development of numerical systems in Sumerian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Chinese, Babylonian, and Mayan cultures, and examines the origins of the Hindu-Arabic numerals we use today"--Back cover.
Download or read book Numbers written by John Tabak and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a survey of the history and evolution of the use of numbers and numerical quantities by different civilizations around the world.
Book Synopsis Number Theory and Its History by : Oystein Ore
Download or read book Number Theory and Its History written by Oystein Ore and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unusually clear, accessible introduction covers counting, properties of numbers, prime numbers, Aliquot parts, Diophantine problems, congruences, much more. Bibliography.
Book Synopsis How Writing Came About by : Denise Schmandt-Besserat
Download or read book How Writing Came About written by Denise Schmandt-Besserat and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An “utterly lucid, thoughtfully illustrated, and thoroughly convincing” book on the origins of the world’s oldest known system of writing (American Journal of Archaeology). One of American Scientist's Top 100 Books on Science, 2001 In 1992, the University of Texas Press published Before Writing, Volume I: From Counting to Cuneiform and Before Writing, Volume II: A Catalog of Near Eastern Tokens. In these two volumes, Denise Schmandt-Besserat set forth her groundbreaking theory that the cuneiform script invented in the Near East in the late fourth millennium B.C.—the world's oldest known system of writing—derived from an archaic counting device. How Writing Came About draws material from both volumes of this scholarly work to present Schmandt-Besserat’s theory in an abridged version for a wide public and classroom audience. Based on the analysis and interpretation of a selection of 8,000 tokens or counters from 116 sites in Iran, Iraq, the Levant, and Turkey, it documents the immediate precursor of the cuneiform script./DIV
Book Synopsis The Man of Numbers by : Keith Devlin
Download or read book The Man of Numbers written by Keith Devlin and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1202, a 32-year old Italian finished one of the most influential books of all time, which introduced modern arithmetic to Western Europe. Devised in India in the seventh and eighth centuries and brought to North Africa by Muslim traders, the Hindu-Arabic system helped transform the West into the dominant force in science, technology, and commerce, leaving behind Muslim cultures which had long known it but had failed to see its potential. The young Italian, Leonardo of Pisa (better known today as Fibonacci), had learned the Hindu number system when he traveled to North Africa with his father, a customs agent. The book he created was Liber abbaci, the 'Book of Calculation', and the revolution that followed its publication was enormous. Arithmetic made it possible for ordinary people to buy and sell goods, convert currencies, and keep accurate records of possessions more readily than ever before. Liber abbaci's publication led directly to large-scale international commerce and the scientific revolution of the Renaissance. Yet despite the ubiquity of his discoveries, Leonardo of Pisa remains an enigma. His name is best known today in association with an exercise in Liber abbaci whose solution gives rise to a sequence of numbers - the Fibonacci sequence - used by some to predict the rise and fall of financial markets, and evident in myriad biological structures. In The Man of Numbers, Keith Devlin recreates the life and enduring legacy of an overlooked genius, and in the process makes clear how central numbers and mathematics are to our daily lives.
Book Synopsis History Of The Theory Of Numbers - I by : Leonard Eugene Dickson
Download or read book History Of The Theory Of Numbers - I written by Leonard Eugene Dickson and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark work in the field of mathematics, History of the Theory of Numbers - I traces the development of number theory from ancient civilizations to the early 20th century. Written by mathematician Leonard Eugene Dickson, this book is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the history of one of the most fundamental branches of mathematics. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Numbers written by Graham Flegg and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readable, jargon-free book examines the earliest endeavors to count and record numbers, initial attempts to solve problems by using equations, and origins of infinite cardinal arithmetic. "Surprisingly exciting." — Choice.
Book Synopsis Invention of Numbers by : R. H. S. White
Download or read book Invention of Numbers written by R. H. S. White and published by New Generation Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excavations carried out in 1970 in the Lebombo mountains of Southern Africa, uncovered the fossilised leg bone of a baboon, estimated to be 37,000 years old, that had 29 scratches carved into it.In 1937 the fossilised bone of a wolf was found in Czechoslovakia, that had 37 scratches on its length, grouped in fives. This bone was estimated to be 30,000 years old.Ancient peoples realised that it was useful to group the marks into equal size bundles and invent symbols for the bundles. Thus arithmetic was born.Part 1 of this book studies the symbols invented by Babylonians, Egyptians, the Greeks, the Chinese, Etruscans and Romans, the Maya and the Hindus.In 628 AD the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta defined the number zero and described the base ten positional number system in his book called "e;The Opening of the Universe"e;. In 1202, Fibonacci, the son of a Venetian merchant, describes the Indian base ten number system in his book "e;Liber Abaci"e; that resulted in this arithmetic being introduced into Europe.Part 2 introduces number systems in other bases, in particular, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal as used in modern computers and the ASCII codes used for storing letters of the alphabet and other symbols.Part 3 deals with the construction and rules for negative and fractional numbers, why we add, multiply and divide fractions in the way we do. It defines complex numbers, gives the meaning of the square root of minus one and shows how complex numbers are represented on the Argand diagram. It solves quadratic and cubic equations and shows how De Moivre's Theorem can be used to find roots of complex numbers.
Book Synopsis Ponderables, Mathematics by : Tom Jackson
Download or read book Ponderables, Mathematics written by Tom Jackson and published by 100 Ponderables. This book was released on 2017-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Includes foldout timeline with over 1,000 milestone facts" -- Cover.
Book Synopsis The Story Of Numbers by : Asok Kumar Mallik
Download or read book The Story Of Numbers written by Asok Kumar Mallik and published by #N/A. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: '… this could make an ideal end-of-year prize for a high-school student who is fascinated by all aspects of number. The subsections provide ideas and opportunities for mathematical exploration. This book might also be deemed a suitable resource for first-year undergraduates in that, via independent study, it would allow such students to broaden their knowledge of various number-theoretic ideas. I would recommend it for the purposes given above.'The Mathematical GazetteThis book is more than a mathematics textbook. It discusses various kinds of numbers and curious interconnections between them. Without getting into hardcore and difficult mathematical technicalities, the book lucidly introduces all kinds of numbers that mathematicians have created. Interesting anecdotes involving great mathematicians and their marvelous creations are included. The reader will get a glimpse of the thought process behind the invention of new mathematics. Starting from natural numbers, the book discusses integers, real numbers, imaginary and complex numbers and some special numbers like quaternions, dual numbers and p-adic numbers.Real numbers include rational, irrational and transcendental numbers. Iterations on real numbers are shown to throw up some unexpected behavior, which has given rise to the new science of 'Chaos'. Special numbers like e, pi, golden ratio, Euler's constant, Gauss's constant, amongst others, are discussed in great detail.The origin of imaginary numbers and the use of complex numbers constitute the next topic. It is shown why modern mathematics cannot even be imagined without imaginary numbers. Iterations on complex numbers are shown to generate a new mathematical object called 'Fractal', which is ubiquitous in nature. Finally, some very special numbers, not mentioned in the usual textbooks, and their applications, are introduced at an elementary level.The level of mathematics discussed in this book is easily accessible to young adults interested in mathematics, high school students, and adults having some interest in basic mathematics. The book concentrates more on the story than on rigorous mathematics.
Download or read book Finding Zero written by Amir D. Aczel and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A captivating story, not just an intellectual quest but a personal one . . . gripping [and] filled with the passion and wonder of numbers.” —The New York Times Virtually everything in our lives is digital, numerical, or quantified. But the story of how and where we got these numerals, which we so depend on, has for thousands of years been shrouded in mystery. Finding Zero is the saga of Amir Aczel’s lifelong obsession: to find the original sources of our numerals, perhaps the greatest abstraction the human mind has ever created. Aczel has doggedly crisscrossed the ancient world, scouring dusty, moldy texts, cross-examining so-called scholars who offered wildly differing sets of facts, and ultimately penetrating deep into a Cambodian jungle to find a definitive proof. Here, he takes the reader along for the ride. The history begins with Babylonian cuneiform numbers, followed by Greek and Roman letter numerals. Then Aczel asks: Where do the numbers we use today, the so-called Hindu-Arabic numerals, come from? It is this search that leads him to explore uncharted territory on a grand quest into India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and ultimately into the wilds of Cambodia. There he is blown away to find the earliest zero—the keystone of our entire system of numbers—on a crumbling, vine-covered wall of a seventh-century temple adorned with eaten-away erotic sculptures. While on this odyssey, Aczel meets a host of fascinating characters: academics in search of truth, jungle trekkers looking for adventure, surprisingly honest politicians, shameless smugglers, and treacherous archaeological thieves—who finally reveal where our numbers come from. “A historical adventure that doubles as a surprisingly engaging math lesson . . . rip-roaring exploits and escapades.” —Publishers Weekly
