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Introduction To Polymolecular Water Clusters And Their Infrared Activity
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Book Synopsis Introduction to Polymolecular Water Clusters and Their Infrared Activity by : Hugh R. Carlon
Download or read book Introduction to Polymolecular Water Clusters and Their Infrared Activity written by Hugh R. Carlon and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is intended as a guide for electro-optical applications engineers interested in the effects of polymolecular clusters of water upon infrared transmission of the atmosphere. It is a compendium of work on the subject ranging from the oldest to the newest, some of which is not yet generally accepted by the scientific community. A theoretical model for infrared absorption spectra due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding is developed from a simple cluster model. Expressions leading to approximate values of hydrogen-bond strength are developed, allowing equations and curves to be derived, from data in the literature, for equilibrium cluster concentrations in moist air or water vapor, as functions of saturation ratio and temperature. The very large differences in absorptivity between water in the vapor and liquid phases are explained, as are 'pressure-squared' and inverse temperature dependencies of water cluster absorption in the infrared. Applications are suggested. (Author).
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Investigations of Hydrogen Bond Network Structures in Water Clusters by : Kenta Mizuse
Download or read book Spectroscopic Investigations of Hydrogen Bond Network Structures in Water Clusters written by Kenta Mizuse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties and nature of water clusters studied with novel spectroscopic approaches are presented in this thesis. Following a general introduction on the chemistry of water and water clusters, detailed descriptions of the experiments and analyses are given. All the experimental results, including first size-selective spectra of large clusters consisting of 200 water molecules, are presented with corresponding analyses. Hitherto unidentified hydrogen bond network structures, dynamics, and reactivity of various water clusters have been characterized at the molecular level. The main targets of this book are physical chemists and chemical physicists who are interested in water chemistry or cluster chemistry.
Book Synopsis Optical Properties of the Atmosphere by : Robert C. Sepucha
Download or read book Optical Properties of the Atmosphere written by Robert C. Sepucha and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Infrared Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Water Clusters by the Crossed Laser Molecular Beam Technique by :
Download or read book Infrared Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy of Water Clusters by the Crossed Laser Molecular Beam Technique written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water clusters formed in a molecular beam are predissociated by tunable, pulsed, infrared radiation in the frequency range 2900~3750 cm−1. The recoiling fragments are detected off axis from the molecular beam using a rotatable mass spectrometer. Arguments are presented which show that the measured frequency dependent signal at a fixed detector angle is proportional to the absorption spectrum of the clusters. It is found that the spectra of clusters containing three or more water molecules are remarkably similar to the liquid phase spectrum. Dynamical information on the predissociation process is obtained from the velocity distribution of the fragments. An upper limit to the excited vibrational state lifetime of ~1 microsecond is observed for the results reported here. The most probable dissociation process concentrates the available excess energy into the internal motions of the fragment molecules. Both the time scale and translational energy distribution are consistent with the qualitative predictions of current theoretical models for cluster predissociation. From adiabatic dissociation trajectories and Monte Carlo simulations it is seen that the strong coupling present in the water polymers probably invalidates the simpler "diatomic" picture formulations of cluster predissociation. Instead, the energy can be extensively shared among the intermolecular motions in the polymer before dissociation. Comparison between current intermolecular potentials describing liquid water and the observed frequencies is made in the normal mode approximation. The inability of any potential to predict the gross spectral features (the number of bands and their observed frequency shift from the gas phase monomer) suggests that substantial improvement in the potential energy functions are possible, but that more accurate methods of solving the vibrational wave equation are necessary before a proper explanation of the spectral fine structure is possible. The observed differences between the dimer and larger polymers (trimer-hexamer) indicate a dramatic change in the hydrogen bonding, which is best explained as arising from the non-additive effects present when a water molecule is both donating and accepting a hydrogen bond. This difference between dimer and trimer also rationalizes the previous disagreement between potential functions based on condensed phase properties (where the water molecule is interacting with multiple neighbors) and those fit to imperfect gas or dimer properties which sample only the isolated pair potential. The data support an interpretation of the hydrogen bonded O-H stretching fundamental region as arising from a homogeneous broadening (not necessarily a result of the predissociation) whose width is characteristic of the hydrogen bond itself and not the sum of distinct bonding geometries. This is different from some previous theories of the water infrared absorption spectrum which assign each band to water molecules bound to different numbers of neighboring molecules.
Book Synopsis Government reports annual index by :
Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polymolecular Clusters: Water Vapor's Hidden Phase? by :
Download or read book Polymolecular Clusters: Water Vapor's Hidden Phase? written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early cloud chamber research of C.T.R. Wilson 100 years ago, scientific evidence has existed that water vapor contains huge populations of electrically neutral clusters of water molecules. Hydrogen bonding was unknown to Wilson; therefore, he could not assign a physical basis to these clusters. Thirty years ago, the author began collecting observations and performing new experiments to elucidate the nature of these clusters and their equilibria with their dissociative ions. The experimental results from diverse investigations of atmospheric turbulence, IR absorption and emission, mass spectrometry, vapor electrical conductivity, nucleation events in cooling, saturated water vapor, and moist air are included. The conclusions based on these experimental results are absolutely fundamental to the physical sciences and to our understanding of water itself.
Book Synopsis Computational Techniques for Analytical Chemistry and Bioanalysis by : Philippe B. Wilson
Download or read book Computational Techniques for Analytical Chemistry and Bioanalysis written by Philippe B. Wilson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work will serve as a definitive overview of the field of computational simulation as applied to analytical chemistry and biology, drawing on recent advances as well as describing essential, established theory for graduates and postgraduate researchers.
Book Synopsis Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 143 by : Stuart A. Rice
Download or read book Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 143 written by Stuart A. Rice and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Chemical Physics series presents the cutting edge in every area of the discipline and provides the field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances. It provides an editorial framework that makes each volume an excellent supplement to advanced graduate classes, with contributions from experts around the world and a handy glossary for easy reference on new terminology. This series is a wonderful guide for students and professionals in chemical physics and physical chemistry, from academia, government, and industries including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.
Book Synopsis Atomic Clusters with Unusual Structure, Bonding and Reactivity by : Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
Download or read book Atomic Clusters with Unusual Structure, Bonding and Reactivity written by Pratim Kumar Chattaraj and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-06 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Clusters with Unusual Structure, Bonding and Reactivity: Theoretical Approaches, Computational Assessment and Applications reviews the latest computational tools and approaches available for accurately assessing the properties of a cluster, while also highlighting how such clusters can be adapted and utilized for the development of novel materials and applications. Sections provide an introduction to the computational methods used to obtain global minima for clusters and effectively analyze bonds, outline experimental approaches to produce clusters, discuss specific applications, and explore cluster reactivity and usage across a number of fields.Drawing on the knowledge of its expert editors and contributors, this book provides a detailed guide to ascertaining the stability, bonding and properties of atomic clusters. Atomic clusters, which exhibit unusual properties, offer huge potential as building blocks for new materials and novel applications, but understanding their properties, stability and bonding is essential in order to accurately understand, characterize and manipulate them for further use. Searching for the most stable geometry of a given cluster is difficult and becomes even more so for clusters of medium and large sizes, where the number of possible isomers sharply increase, hence this book provides a unique and comprehensive approach to the topic and available techniques and applications. - Introduces readers to the vast structural and bonding diversity that clusters show and reflects on their potential for novel application and material development - Highlights the latest computational methods and theoretical tools available for identification of the most stable isomers and accurate analysis of bonding in the clusters - Focuses on clusters which violate the rules established in traditional chemistry and exhibit unusual structure, bonding and reactivity
Book Synopsis Infrared Spectroscopy by : Barbara H. Stuart
Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy written by Barbara H. Stuart and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-08-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an introduction to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy for the first time, explaining the fundamental aspects of this technique, how to obtain a spectrum and how to analyse infrared data covering a wide range of applications. Includes instrumental and sampling techniques Covers biological and industrial applications Includes suitable questions and problems in each chapter to assist in the analysis and interpretation of representative infrared spectra Part of the ANTS (Analytical Techniques in the Sciences) Series.
Book Synopsis Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics by : Dominik Marx
Download or read book Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics written by Dominik Marx and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ab initio molecular dynamics revolutionized the field of realistic computer simulation of complex molecular systems and processes, including chemical reactions, by unifying molecular dynamics and electronic structure theory. This book provides the first coherent presentation of this rapidly growing field, covering a vast range of methods and their applications, from basic theory to advanced methods. This fascinating text for graduate students and researchers contains systematic derivations of various ab initio molecular dynamics techniques to enable readers to understand and assess the merits and drawbacks of commonly used methods. It also discusses the special features of the widely used Car–Parrinello approach, correcting various misconceptions currently found in research literature. The book contains pseudo-code and program layout for typical plane wave electronic structure codes, allowing newcomers to the field to understand commonly used program packages and enabling developers to improve and add new features in their code.
Book Synopsis Modern Mass Spectrometry by : Peter B. Armentrout
Download or read book Modern Mass Spectrometry written by Peter B. Armentrout and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-23 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I Reactivity: E. Uggerud: Physical Organic Chemistry of the Gas Phase. Reactivity Trends for Organic Cations.- S. Petrie, D.K. Bohme: Mass Spectrometric Approaches to Interstellar Chemistry.- F. Turecek: Transient Intermediates of Chemical Reactions by Neutralization-Reionization Mass Spectrometry.- II Metalorganic Chemistry: D. Schröder, H. Schwarz: Diastereoselective Effects in Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry.- D.A. Plattner: Metalorganic Chemistry in the Gas Phase: Insight into Catalysis.- III Mass Spectrometric Methodology: T. Wyttenbach, M.T. Bowers: Gas-Phase Conformations: The Ion Mobility/Ion Chromatography Method.- P.B. Armentrout: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociations for the Determination of Accurate Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Reaction Barriers.- IV Medicinal Chemistry: S.A. Trauger, T. Junker, G. Siuzdak: Investigating Viral Proteins and Intact Viruses with Mass Spectrometry M. Brönstrup: High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry for Compound Characterization in Drug Discovery.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Specific Ion Effects by : Werner Kunz
Download or read book Specific Ion Effects written by Werner Kunz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specific ion effects are important in numerous fields of science and technology. This book summarizes the main ideas that came up over the years. It presents the efforts of theoreticians and supports it by the experimental results stemming from various techniques.
Book Synopsis Handbook of High-resolution Spectroscopy by : Martin Quack
Download or read book Handbook of High-resolution Spectroscopy written by Martin Quack and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 2236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of High-Resolution Spectroscopy has been considerably extended and even redefined in some areas. Combining the knowledge of spectroscopy, laser technology, chemical computation, and experiments, Handbook of High-Resolution Spectroscopy provides a comprehensive survey of the whole field as it presents itself today, with emphasis on the recent developments. This essential handbook for advanced research students, graduate students, and researchers takes a systematic approach through the range of wavelengths and includes the latest advances in experiment and theory that will help and guide future applications. The first comprehensive survey in high-resolution molecular spectroscopy for over 15 years Brings together the knowledge of spectroscopy, laser technology, chemical computation and experiments Brings the reader up-to-date with the many advances that have been made in recent times Takes the reader through the range of wavelengths, covering all possible techniques such as Microwave Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, VIS, UV and VUV Combines theoretical, computational and experimental aspects Has numerous applications in a wide range of scientific domains Edited by two leaders in this field Provides an overview of rotational, vibration, electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy Volume 1 - Introduction: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy Volume 2 - High-Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy: Methods and Results Volume 3 - Special Methods & Applications
