Intrinsic Motivation And Self Determination In Human Behavior

Download Intrinsic Motivation And Self Determination In Human Behavior full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Intrinsic Motivation And Self Determination In Human Behavior ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Intrinsic Motivation

Author : Edward L. Deci
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461344468
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Intrinsic Motivation by : Edward L. Deci

Download or read book Intrinsic Motivation written by Edward L. Deci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others.

Intrinsic Motivation

Author : Edward Deci
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781461344483
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (444 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Intrinsic Motivation by : Edward Deci

Download or read book Intrinsic Motivation written by Edward Deci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-19 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others.

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

Author : Edward L. Deci
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489922717
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior by : Edward L. Deci

Download or read book Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior written by Edward L. Deci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in this century, most empirically oriented psychologists believed that all motivation was based in the physiology of a set of non-nervous system tissue needs. The theories of that era reflected this belief and used it in an attempt to explain an increasing number of phenomena. It was not until the 1950s that it became irrefutably clear that much of human motivation is based not in these drives, but rather in a set of innate psychological needs. Their physiological basis is less understood; and as concepts, these needs lend themselves more easily to psycho logical than to physiological theorizing. The convergence of evidence from a variety of scholarly efforts suggests that there are three such needs: self-determination, competence, and interpersonal relatedness. This book is primarily about self-determination and competence (with particular emphasis on the former), and about the processes and structures that relate to these needs. The need for interpersonal relat edness, while no less important, remains to be explored, and the findings from those explorations will need to be integrated with the present theory to develop a broad, organismic theory of human motivation. Thus far, we have articulated self-determination theory, which is offered as a working theory-a theory in the making. To stimulate the research that will allow it to evolve further, we have stated self-determination theory in the form of minitheories that relate to more circumscribed domains, and we have developed paradigms for testing predictions from the various minitheories.

Self-Determination Theory

Author : Richard M. Ryan
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462538967
Total Pages : 770 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Self-Determination Theory by : Richard M. Ryan

Download or read book Self-Determination Theory written by Richard M. Ryan and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Among the most influential models in contemporary behavioral science, self-determination theory (SDT) offers a broad framework for understanding the factors that promote human motivation and psychological flourishing. In this authoritative work, SDT cofounders Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci systematically review the theory's conceptual underpinnings, empirical evidence base, and practical applications across the lifespan. Ryan and Deci demonstrate that supporting people's basic needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy is critically important for virtually all aspects of individual and societal functioning."--Jacket.

The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-Determination Theory

Author : Marylene Gagne PhD
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199794987
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-Determination Theory by : Marylene Gagne PhD

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-Determination Theory written by Marylene Gagne PhD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-determination theory is a theory of human motivation that is being increasingly used by organizations to make strategic HR decisions and train managers. It argues for a focus on the quality of workers' motivation over quantity. Motivation that is based on meaning and interest is showed to be superior to motivation that is based on pressure and rewards. Work environments that make workers feel competent, autonomous, and related to others foster the right type of motivation, goals, and work values. The Oxford Handbook of Work Motivation, Engagement, and Self-Determination Theory aims to give current and future organizational researchers ideas for future research using self-determination theory as a framework, and to give practitioners ideas on how to adjust their programs and practices using self-determination theory principles. The book brings together self-determination theory experts and organizational psychology experts to talk about past and future applications of the theory to the field of organizational psychology. The book covers a wide range of topics, including: how to bring about commitment, engagement, and passion in the workplace; how to manage stress, health, emotions and violence at work; how to encourage safe and sustainable behavior in organizations; how factors like attachment styles, self-esteem, person-environment fit, job design, leadership, compensation, and training affect work motivation; and how work-related values and goals are forged by the work environment and affect work outcomes.

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

Author : Edward Deci
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781489922724
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (227 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior by : Edward Deci

Download or read book Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior written by Edward Deci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-06 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in this century, most empirically oriented psychologists believed that all motivation was based in the physiology of a set of non-nervous system tissue needs. The theories of that era reflected this belief and used it in an attempt to explain an increasing number of phenomena. It was not until the 1950s that it became irrefutably clear that much of human motivation is based not in these drives, but rather in a set of innate psychological needs. Their physiological basis is less understood; and as concepts, these needs lend themselves more easily to psycho logical than to physiological theorizing. The convergence of evidence from a variety of scholarly efforts suggests that there are three such needs: self-determination, competence, and interpersonal relatedness. This book is primarily about self-determination and competence (with particular emphasis on the former), and about the processes and structures that relate to these needs. The need for interpersonal relat edness, while no less important, remains to be explored, and the findings from those explorations will need to be integrated with the present theory to develop a broad, organismic theory of human motivation. Thus far, we have articulated self-determination theory, which is offered as a working theory-a theory in the making. To stimulate the research that will allow it to evolve further, we have stated self-determination theory in the form of minitheories that relate to more circumscribed domains, and we have developed paradigms for testing predictions from the various minitheories.

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Exercise and Sport

Author : Martin Hagger
Publisher : Human Kinetics Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780736062503
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Exercise and Sport by : Martin Hagger

Download or read book Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Exercise and Sport written by Martin Hagger and published by Human Kinetics Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading group of experts in motivation provide a resource for advancing research and application. It contains the essentials of self-determination theory and an overview of research in motivation in a physical activity context.

Human Motivation and Interpersonal Relationships

Author : Netta Weinstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401785422
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Human Motivation and Interpersonal Relationships by : Netta Weinstein

Download or read book Human Motivation and Interpersonal Relationships written by Netta Weinstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes and organizes a growing body of research supporting the role of motivation in adaptive and rewarding interpersonal interactions with others. The field of human motivation is rapidly growing but most studies have focused on the effects of motivation on individuals' personal happiness and task engagement. Only recently have theorists and empiricists begun to recognize that dispositional and state motivations impact the ways individuals approach interpersonal interactions. In addition, researchers are now recognizing that the quality of interpersonal interactions influences consequent happiness and task engagement, thus helping to explain previous findings to this end. Similarly social psychology and relationships researchers have focused on the impact of cognitions, emotions, and behaviors on people's relationships. In their work, relationships researchers demonstrate that both contextual characteristics and individual differences influence the quality of interactions. Many of these studies seek to understand which characteristics strengthen the bonds between people, encourage empathy and trust and create a sense of well-being after a close interaction. This work seeks to integrate the field of human motivation and interpersonal relationships. Both fields have seen extensive growth in the past decade and each can contribute to the other. However, no single compiled work is available that targets both fields. This is the case, in part because only now is there enough work to make a strong and compelling case for their integration. In the previous years, research has been conducted to show that motivation is relevant and important for interactions among strangers and in close relationships. In addition developmental mechanisms for these relations are identified and mechanisms by which motivation strengthens people's relationships. Finally recent work has demonstrated the many implications for interpersonal relationships, showing that motivation impacts a range of interpersonal processes from prejudice regulation and objectification of others to empathy and care. This book seeks to summarize and organize all these findings and present them in a way that is relevant to both motivation researchers and social and relationship researchers.

Handbook of Self-determination Research

Author : Edward L. Deci
Publisher : University Rochester Press
ISBN 13 : 9781580461566
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Self-determination Research by : Edward L. Deci

Download or read book Handbook of Self-determination Research written by Edward L. Deci and published by University Rochester Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years an increasing number of researchers from various universities have been investigating motivational issues underlying the self-regulation of behavior. Using either Self-Determination Theory or closely related theoretical perspectives, these researchers have performed laboratory experiments, as well as field studies in a variety of real-world settings. In April 1999 thirty of these researchers convened at the University of Rochester to present their work, share ideas, and discuss future research directions. This book is an outgrowth of that important and fascinating conference. It summarizes the research programs of these social, personality, clinical, developmental, and applied psychologists who have a shared belief in the importance of self-determination for understanding basic motivational processes and for solving pressing real-world problem. (Midwest).

The Handbook of Behavior Change

Author : Martin S. Hagger
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108750117
Total Pages : 730 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Handbook of Behavior Change by : Martin S. Hagger

Download or read book The Handbook of Behavior Change written by Martin S. Hagger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.

The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation

Author : Richard M. Ryan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019936625X
Total Pages : 1805 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation by : Richard M. Ryan

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation written by Richard M. Ryan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-15 with total page 1805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivation is that which moves us to action. Human motivation is thus a complex issue, as people are moved to action by both their evolved natures and by myriad familial, social and cultural influences. The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation collects the top theorists and researchers of human motivation into a single volume, capturing the current state-of-the-art in this fast developing field. The book includes theoretical overviews from some of the best-known thinkers in this area, including chapters on Social Learning Theory, Control Theory, Self-determination theory, Terror Management theory, and the Promotion and Prevention perspective. Topical chapters appear on phenomena such as ego-depletion, flow, curiosity, implicit motives, and personal interests. A section specifically highlights goal research, including chapters on goal regulation, achievement goals, the dynamics of choice, unconscious goals and process versus outcome focus. Still other chapters focus on evolutionary and biological underpinnings of motivation, including chapters on cardiovascular dynamics, mood, and neuropsychology. Finally, chapters bring motivation down to earth in reviewing its impact within relationships, and in applied areas such as psychotherapy, work, education, sport, and physical activity. By providing reviews of the most advanced work by the very best scholars in this field, The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation represents an invaluable resource for both researchers and practitioners, as well as any student of human nature.

Efficacy, Agency, and Self-Esteem

Author : Michael H. Kernis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489912800
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Efficacy, Agency, and Self-Esteem by : Michael H. Kernis

Download or read book Efficacy, Agency, and Self-Esteem written by Michael H. Kernis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging current notions in self-esteem literature, this volume offers new insights into efficacy, agency, and self-esteem as well as the influence of these constructs on psychological well-being. The contributions by prominent researchers contain substantial new theoretical and empirical research that focuses on a wide range of personality and motivational phenomena.

Human Autonomy in Cross-Cultural Context

Author : Valery I. Chirkov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048196671
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Human Autonomy in Cross-Cultural Context by : Valery I. Chirkov

Download or read book Human Autonomy in Cross-Cultural Context written by Valery I. Chirkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the reader with a stimulating tapestry of essays exploring the nature of personal autonomy, self-determination, and agency, and their role in human optimal functioning at multiple levels of analysis from personal to societal and cross-cultural. The starting point for these explorations is self-determination theory, an integrated theory of human motivation and healthy development which has been under development for more than three decades (Deci & Ryan, 2000). As the contributions will make clear, psychological autonomy is a concept that forms the bridge between the dependence of human behavior on biological and socio-cultural determinants on the one side, and people’s ability to be free, reflective, and transforming agents who can challenge these dependencies, on the other. The authors within this volume share a vision that human autonomy is a fundamental pre-condition for both individuals and groups to thrive, and that without understanding the nature and mechanisms of autonomous agency vital social and human problems cannot be satisfactory addressed. This multidisciplinary team of researchers will collectively explore the nature of personal autonomy, considering its developmental origins, its expression within relationships, its importance within groups and organizational functioning, and its role in promoting to the democratic and economic development of societies. The book is aimed toward developmental, social, personality, and cross-cultural psychologists, towards researchers and practitioners’ in the areas of education, health and medicine, social work and, economics, and also towards all interested in creating a more sustainable and just world society through promoting individual freedom and agency. This volume will provide a theoretical and conceptual account of the nature and psychological mechanisms of personal motivational autonomy and human agency; rich multidisciplinary empirical evidence supporting the claims and propositions about the nature of human autonomy and capacities for self-regulation; explanations of how and why different psychological and socio-cultural conditions may play a role in promoting or undermining people’s autonomous motivation and well-being, discussions of how the promotion of human autonomy can positively influence environmental protection, democracy promotion and economic prosperity.

Gamer Psychology and Behavior

Author : Barbaros Bostan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319299042
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gamer Psychology and Behavior by : Barbaros Bostan

Download or read book Gamer Psychology and Behavior written by Barbaros Bostan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction and overview of the increasingly important topic of gamer psychology and behavior by presenting a range of theoretic perspectives and empirical evidence casting new light on understanding gamer behavior and designing interactive gaming experiences that maximize fun. This book aims to provide a snapshot on research approaches/advances in player psychology and behavior, discuss issues, solutions, challenges, and needs for player behavior research, and report gameplay experience and lessons as well as industry case studies from both social sciences and engineering perspectives. The nine chapters in this book, which are divided into three sections: Neuro-Psychology and Gaming; Player Behavior and Gameplay; Player Psychology and Motivations, do not represent all the topics in the psychology of gaming, however, they include a variety of topics in this field: the effects of violent video games on cognitive processes, the reward systems in the human brain and the concept of 'fun', goal-directed player behavior and game choices, psychological player profiling techniques, game design requirements and player psychology, motivational gamer profiles, and many more. This book is suitable for students and professionals with different disciplinary backgrounds such as computer science, design, software engineering, psychology, interactive media, and information systems. Students will be interested in the theory of gamer psychology and its impact on game design. Professionals will be interested in the fundamentals of gamer behavior and how interactive virtual environments can improve user experience.

The Art and Science of Motivation

Author : Jenny Ziviani
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1849051259
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Art and Science of Motivation by : Jenny Ziviani

Download or read book The Art and Science of Motivation written by Jenny Ziviani and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors' groundbreaking approach to working with children and their parents or caregivers places motivation at the heart of all encounters and therapeutic activities. The book provides readers with both a theoretical and practical understanding of methods for engaging and working successfully with children with a range of difficulties, from physical disabilities to learning disabilities and emotional and behavioral difficulties. The authors present an innovative new paradigm - the model of Synthesis of Child, Occupational Performance and Environment - In Time (SCOPE-IT) - for working with these groups to enhance motivation and engagement and to achieve the best possible treatment outcomes. The challenges professionals may face are clearly addressed, and the contributors also explain how the therapist's use of language may influence motivation. Engaging clinical examples bring to life the SCOPE-IT model, and the book closes with an extended case study of the therapeutic journey of one individual, his parents and a therapist, placing the key concepts from the preceding chapters in a richly human and personal context. Combining research-based theory with a wealth of tools and strategies for practice, this book will be inspiring reading for all those working therapeutically with children and young people, including occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, counselors, psychologists and psychotherapists.

Development of Self-Determination Through the Life-Course

Author : Michael L. Wehmeyer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402410422
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Development of Self-Determination Through the Life-Course by : Michael L. Wehmeyer

Download or read book Development of Self-Determination Through the Life-Course written by Michael L. Wehmeyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the developmental aspects of the general psychological construct of self-determination. The term refers to self- (vs. other-) caused action—to people acting volitionally—as based on their own will. Research conducted in the fields of psychology and education shows the importance of self-determination to adolescent development and positive adult outcomes. The first part of this volume presents an overview of theories and historical antecedents of the construct. It looks at the role of self-determination in major theories of human agentic behavior and of adolescent development and individuation. The second part of the volume examines the developmental origins and the trajectory of self-determination in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, and looks as aging aspects. The next part presents studies on the evolutionary aspects, individual differences and healthy psychological development. The last part of the book covers the development of causal and agentic capability.

Grit

Author : Angela Duckworth
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501111124
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Grit by : Angela Duckworth

Download or read book Grit written by Angela Duckworth and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this instant New York Times bestseller, Angela Duckworth shows anyone striving to succeed that the secret to outstanding achievement is not talent, but a special blend of passion and persistence she calls “grit.” “Inspiration for non-geniuses everywhere” (People). The daughter of a scientist who frequently noted her lack of “genius,” Angela Duckworth is now a celebrated researcher and professor. It was her early eye-opening stints in teaching, business consulting, and neuroscience that led to her hypothesis about what really drives success: not genius, but a unique combination of passion and long-term perseverance. In Grit, she takes us into the field to visit cadets struggling through their first days at West Point, teachers working in some of the toughest schools, and young finalists in the National Spelling Bee. She also mines fascinating insights from history and shows what can be gleaned from modern experiments in peak performance. Finally, she shares what she’s learned from interviewing dozens of high achievers—from JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon to New Yorker cartoon editor Bob Mankoff to Seattle Seahawks Coach Pete Carroll. “Duckworth’s ideas about the cultivation of tenacity have clearly changed some lives for the better” (The New York Times Book Review). Among Grit’s most valuable insights: any effort you make ultimately counts twice toward your goal; grit can be learned, regardless of IQ or circumstances; when it comes to child-rearing, neither a warm embrace nor high standards will work by themselves; how to trigger lifelong interest; the magic of the Hard Thing Rule; and so much more. Winningly personal, insightful, and even life-changing, Grit is a book about what goes through your head when you fall down, and how that—not talent or luck—makes all the difference. This is “a fascinating tour of the psychological research on success” (The Wall Street Journal).