International Sanctions. Macroeconomic Effects and Retaliation

Download International Sanctions. Macroeconomic Effects and Retaliation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Anchor Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 3960670974
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (66 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Sanctions. Macroeconomic Effects and Retaliation by : Archit Pandey

Download or read book International Sanctions. Macroeconomic Effects and Retaliation written by Archit Pandey and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In various instances, countries, regional organizations, and the United Nations have resorted to the use of sanctions as a foreign policy and as a tool for geopolitics, in order to influence the behavior of targeted states. Numerous researches and analyses have been conducted to observe and understand the effectiveness and impact of sanctions, and subsequently dismissed them as either effective, ineffective, or counterproductive to their intended objectives. This study seeks to address the aforementioned question; in particular, whether sanctions remain to be an option as a geopolitical tool to influence the behavior of targeted states. The core of this work consists of three case studies: first, sanctions on the Russian Federation (2014–present); sanctions on Iran (1979 –present, 2006, 2012 –2016); and the US trade embargo on Cuba (1960 –present). These case studies have been analyzed from the structural point of view to understand their specifics, background, and plausible retaliation by the respective state. Then, the technical results achieved by the sanctions are reviewed, and their weaknesses are highlighted. Lastly, numerous relevant arguments are provided to reinforce the conclusion.

The Financialization of Foreign Policy

Download The Financialization of Foreign Policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Financialization of Foreign Policy by : Caileigh Glenn

Download or read book The Financialization of Foreign Policy written by Caileigh Glenn and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finance and foreign policy are decisively intertwined. The financialization of foreign policy features the reliance on financial power for political purposes and is exhibited in the use of targeted financial sanctions as a first-resort tool of foreign policy. Governments whose subnational firms are sanctioned can credibly refrain from issuing a response. Yet, governments sometimes retaliate. Under what conditions do governments retaliate in response to the imposition of targeted financial sanctions on subnational firms? In this dissertation, I offer an answer to this and related questions. Chapter 1 describes the financialization of foreign policy, the factors contributing to the shift from broad trade-based economic sanctions to targeted financial ones, and existing explanations of retaliation. Chapter 2 presents a theory of the conditions under which government retaliation is likely to occur in response to the imposition of targeted sanctions by the United States. The theory proposes retaliation is likely when the intended target of the coercion is the government, when state-owned entities are sanctioned, and when strategic sectors are implicated. Chapter 3 introduces the Targeted Financial Sanctions Dataset (TFSD), a new dataset of targeted financial sanction episodes imposed by the United States and government responses. Using this dataset and detailed case examples, Chapter 4 tests the hypotheses and finds that retaliation is indeed more likely when the intended target of the coercion is the government, rather than the firm, and when state-owned entities are targeted, compared to privately-held companies. The tests find mixed support for the strategic sector hypothesis, revealing that the transportation sector is statistically associated with retaliation. Chapter 5 examines domestic political vulnerability, finding that politically vulnerable governments are less likely to retaliate and the influence of the sanction-specific conditions is attenuated in the presence of political vulnerability. Chapter 6 discusses the implications of this research for the study of sanctions, for the target country, and for the use of targeted financial sanctions. This project demonstrates that conditions specific to a sanctions event can motivate government retaliation; further, it shows that, in the context of targeted sanctions, domestic political vulnerability attenuates aggressive international behavior.

International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War

Download International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171733
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War by : National Research Council

Download or read book International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-07 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Cold War has changed the shape of organized violence in the world and the ways in which governments and others try to set its limits. Even the concept of international conflict is broadening to include ethnic conflicts and other kinds of violence within national borders that may affect international peace and security. What is not yet clear is whether or how these changes alter the way actors on the world scene should deal with conflict: Do the old methods still work? Are there new tools that could work better? How do old and new methods relate to each other? International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War critically examines evidence on the effectiveness of a dozen approaches to managing or resolving conflict in the world to develop insights for conflict resolution practitioners. It considers recent applications of familiar conflict management strategies, such as the use of threats of force, economic sanctions, and negotiation. It presents the first systematic assessments of the usefulness of some less familiar approaches to conflict resolution, including truth commissions, "engineered" electoral systems, autonomy arrangements, and regional organizations. It also opens up analysis of emerging issues, such as the dilemmas facing humanitarian organizations in complex emergencies. This book offers numerous practical insights and raises key questions for research on conflict resolution in a transforming world system.

The Global Economy

Download The Global Economy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Global Economy by : David A. Dieterle

Download or read book The Global Economy written by David A. Dieterle and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engaging and accessible book is a must-read for every economics student. It explores what the global economy is, how it developed and how it operates today, and why certain aspects of it have become controversial. The global economy represents the combined economic output of all countries on Earth and is currently estimated at around $80 trillion. While globalization has made it possible for greater economic interaction between nations and rapid growth on a worldwide scale, many have argued that it has also helped to widen the gap between the richest and poorest nations. The movement of goods and services between countries also has major impacts on national politics and international diplomacy, as well as significant implications for human rights and welfare. Part of Greenwood's new Student Guides to Business and Economics series, The Global Economy gives readers an in-depth yet reader-friendly look at one of the most important aspects of modern economics. Using simple language and relevant real-world examples, this book is appropriate for high school and undergraduate economics students as well as general-interest readers curious to learn more about the global economy.

Disrupted Economic Relationships

Download Disrupted Economic Relationships PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262552779
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Disrupted Economic Relationships by : Tibor Besedes

Download or read book Disrupted Economic Relationships written by Tibor Besedes and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-07-23 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical studies and theoretical analyses examine the causes and consequences of disruptions in cross-border economic relationships, including political conflict, economic sanctions, and institutional collapse. Cross-border economic relationships gradually strengthened in the decades after World War II; for most of the postwar period, international trade and investment have grown faster than output, a process often termed “globalization.” In recent years, however, economic relationships have grown more fragile, subject to disruption by such factors as political conflict, economic sanctions, and the dissolution of institutional arrangements. This timely CESifo volume offers empirical studies and theoretical analyses that examine the causes and consequences of these disrupted economic relationships. Contributors propose a new theoretical framework for understanding the economic impact of intergroup conflict and develop a predictive model to analyze the contagion of regional wars. They offer empirical studies of the economic effect of targeted sanctions and boycotts, including those imposed upon Iran, Russia, and Myanmar; argue provocatively that natural disasters are associated with increased international trade; analyze trade duration, finding previously identified explanatory factors to be insufficient for explaining variations in trade survival over time; and critically review the hypothesis that oil was a crucial factor in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Contributors Daniel P. Ahn, Tibor Besedeš, Kilian Heilmann, Wolfgang Hess, Julian Hinz, Melise Jaud, Tristan Kohl, Madina Kukenova, Chenmei Li, Rodney D. Ludema, Volker Nitsch, Maria Persson, Chiel Klein Reesink, Arthur Silve, Enrico Spolaore, Martin Strieborny, Marvin Suesse, Peter A. G. van Bergeijk, Thierry Verdier, Romain Wacziarg

Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2013

Download Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2013 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UN
ISBN 13 : 9789211218336
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2013 by : United Nations

Download or read book Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2013 written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sixty-fifth edition of Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean covers the two-year period 2012 2013. As in previous editions, the first part examines the recent performance of the economies of the region and the outlook for the current year. The second part discusses long-term aspects of the economic development of Latin America and the Caribbean. Country notes, which look at the economic situation of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean during 2012 and the first half of 2013, may be viewed on the ECLAC webpage (www.eclac.org). These notes are published along with a statistical annex, which tracks the main economic indicators. The tables in the statistical annex show, at a glance, data for recent years and can be used to create spreadsheets. The deadline for updating the statistical information in this publication was 30 June 2013.

The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis

Download The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781907142239
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis by : Richard E. Baldwin

Download or read book The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis written by Richard E. Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial crisis of 2008/9 is the Great Depression of the 21st century. For many though, the similarities stop at the Wall Street Crash as the current generation of policymakers have acted quickly to avoid the mistakes of the past. Yet the global crisis has made room for mistakes all of its own. While governments have apparently kept to their word on refraining from protectionist measures in the style of 1930s tariffs, there has been a disturbing rise in "murky protectionism." Seemingly benign, these crisis-linked policies are twisted to favour domestic firms, workers and investors. This book, first published as an eBook on VoxEU.org in March 2009, brings together leading trade policy practitioners and experts - including Australian Trade Minister Simon Crean and former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo. Initially its aim was to advise policymakers heading in to the G20 meeting in London, but since the threat of murky protectionism persists, so too do their warnings.

Macroeconomic Policy as Implicit Industrial Policy: Its Industry and Enterprise Effects

Download Macroeconomic Policy as Implicit Industrial Policy: Its Industry and Enterprise Effects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461554438
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Policy as Implicit Industrial Policy: Its Industry and Enterprise Effects by : John Randolph Norsworthy

Download or read book Macroeconomic Policy as Implicit Industrial Policy: Its Industry and Enterprise Effects written by John Randolph Norsworthy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether they should or not, few economists do in fact refrain from making pronouncements on public policy, although the state of the economy (both here and elsewhere) suggests that either the advice given is bad or, if good, that it is ignored . . . I happen to think that we are appallingly ignorant about many aspects of the working of the economic system -- the economics of the firm and industry. Ronald H Coase, Economists and Public Policy In this volume we attempt to address an element of Coase's concern by linking the empirical economics of the fInn and industry more closely to macroeconomic policies, and to demonstrate how to assess some of the effects of those policies. The scope of our study ranges from a structural macroeconomic model of the United States, from which macroeconomic effects are propagated to detailed structural models of SIC four digit industries. The rationale for our approach is very much in the spirit of various integrated macroeconomic/industry models constructed by Dale Jorgenson, working with various collaborators. Our approach is also consistent with, and motivated by, Lawrence Klein's agenda of modeling explicitly and structurally the macro and sectoral elements in the national economy. We also examine the effects of the macroeconomic policies of different countries on the enterprise. In only one case, our examination of crowding out of private investment by government defIcit fmancing, is the linkage among sectors implicit.

U. S. Sanctions on Russia

Download U. S. Sanctions on Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781790730735
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis U. S. Sanctions on Russia by : Kristin Archick

Download or read book U. S. Sanctions on Russia written by Kristin Archick and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanctions are considered by many to be a central element of U.S. policy to counter Russian malign behavior. Most Russia-related sanctions have been in response to Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine. In addition, the United States has imposed sanctions on Russia in response to human rights abuses, election interference and cyberattacks, weapons proliferation, illicit trade with North Korea, support to Syria, and use of a chemical weapon. The United States also employs sanctions to deter further objectionable activities. Most Members of Congress support a robust use of sanctions amid concerns about Russia's international behavior and geostrategic intentions. Ukraine-related sanctions are mainly based on four executive orders (EOs) the President introduced in 2014. In addition, Congress passed and the President signed into law two acts establishing sanctions in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine: the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (SSIDES; P.L. 113-95) and the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (UFSA; P.L. 113-272). In 2017, Congress passed and the President signed into law the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (CRIEEA; P.L. 115-44, Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act [CAATSA], Title II). This legislation codifies Ukraine-related and cyberrelated EOs, strengthens existing Russia-related sanctions authorities, and identifies several new targets for sanctions. It also establishes congressional review of any action the President takes to ease or lift a variety of sanctions. Additional sanctions on Russia may be forthcoming. On August 6, 2018, the United States determined that in March 2018 the Russian government used a chemical weapon in the United Kingdom in contravention of international law. In response, the United States launched an initial round of sanctions on Russia, as required by the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act; P.L. 102-182, Title III). The law requires a second, more severe round of sanctions in the absence of Russia's reliable commitment to no longer use such weapons. The United States has imposed most Ukraine-related sanctions on Russia in coordination with the European Union (EU). Since 2017, the efforts of Congress and the Trump Administration to tighten U.S. sanctions on Russia have prompted some degree of concern in the EU about U.S. commitment to sanctions coordination and U.S.-EU cooperation on Russia and Ukraine more broadly. The EU, in addition, continues to consider its response to Russia's use of a chemical weapon in the United Kingdom. Debates about the effectiveness of U.S. and other sanctions on Russia continue in Congress, in the Administration, and among other stakeholders. Russia has not reversed its occupation and annexation of Ukraine's Crimea region, nor has it stopped fostering separatism in eastern Ukraine. With respect to other malign activities, the relationship between sanctions and Russian behavior is difficult to determine. Nonetheless, many observers argue that sanctions help to restrain Russia or that their imposition is an appropriate foreign policy response regardless of immediate effect. In the 115th Congress, several bills have been introduced to increase the use of sanctions in response to Russia's malign activities. The 116th Congress is likely to continue to debate the role of sanctions in U.S. foreign policy toward Russia.

Economics and National Security

Download Economics and National Security PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437980805
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Economics and National Security by : Dick K. Nanto

Download or read book Economics and National Security written by Dick K. Nanto and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) National Security (NS) and the Congressional Interest; 21st Century Challenges to NS; (2) The Role of the Economy in U.S. NS; Macroecon. and Microecon. Issues in NS; (3) Economic Growth and Broad Conceptions of NS: Human Capital; Research, Innovation, Energy, and Space; (4) Globalization, Trade, Finance, and the G-20; Instability in the Global Economy; Savings and Exports; Boosting Domestic Demand Abroad; Open Foreign Markets to U.S. Products and Services; Build Cooperation with International Partners; Deterring Threats to the International Financial System; (5) Democracy, Human Rights, and Development Aid; Sustainable Development. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand publication.

Domestic Content Legislation and the U.S. Automobile Industry

Download Domestic Content Legislation and the U.S. Automobile Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Domestic Content Legislation and the U.S. Automobile Industry by :

Download or read book Domestic Content Legislation and the U.S. Automobile Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Connectivity Wars

Download Connectivity Wars PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781910118559
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Connectivity Wars by : Mark Leonard

Download or read book Connectivity Wars written by Mark Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2017-09 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Labor Standards and International Trade

Download International Labor Standards and International Trade PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451845537
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Labor Standards and International Trade by : Mr.Stephen S. Golub

Download or read book International Labor Standards and International Trade written by Mr.Stephen S. Golub and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-04-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews controversies regarding linkage of international trade and labor standards. Pressures for international harmonization of labor standards arise in the context of increased trade between countries with large disparities in wages, and also reflect the history of labor standards. A critical distinction is made between standards related to fundamental human rights and those related to employment conditions. The main conclusion is that trade sanctions to enforce labor standards should not be an option, but that international agreements on core labor standards, with voluntary compliance, may, apart from being worthwhile on ethical grounds, defuse calls for protection.

Global Trends 2040

Download Global Trends 2040 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

The Globalization Paradox

Download The Globalization Paradox PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191634255
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Globalization Paradox by : Dani Rodrik

Download or read book The Globalization Paradox written by Dani Rodrik and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, economists have driven forward the cause of globalization in financial institutions, labour markets, and trade. Yet there have been consistent warning signs that a global economy and free trade might not always be advantageous. Where are the pressure points? What could be done about them? Dani Rodrik examines the back-story from its seventeenth-century origins through the milestones of the gold standard, the Bretton Woods Agreement, and the Washington Consensus, to the present day. Although economic globalization has enabled unprecedented levels of prosperity in advanced countries and has been a boon to hundreds of millions of poor workers in China and elsewhere in Asia, it is a concept that rests on shaky pillars, he contends. Its long-term sustainability is not a given. The heart of Rodrik’s argument is a fundamental 'trilemma': that we cannot simultaneously pursue democracy, national self-determination, and economic globalization. Give too much power to governments, and you have protectionism. Give markets too much freedom, and you have an unstable world economy with little social and political support from those it is supposed to help. Rodrik argues for smart globalization, not maximum globalization.

Global Economic Prospects, January 2019

Download Global Economic Prospects, January 2019 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464813868
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Economic Prospects, January 2019 by : World Bank Group

Download or read book Global Economic Prospects, January 2019 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The outlook for the global economy has darkened. Global financing conditions have tightened, industrial production has moderated, trade tensions have intensified, and some large emerging market and developing economies have experienced significant financial market stress. Faced with these headwinds, the recovery in emerging market and developing economies has lost momentum. Downside risks have become more acute and include the possibility of disorderly financial market movements and an escalation of trade disputes. Debt vulnerabilities in emerging market and developing economies, particularly low-income countries, have increased. More frequent severe weather events would raise the possibility of large swings in international food prices, which could deepen poverty. In this difficult environment, it is of paramount importance for emerging market and developing economies to rebuild policy buffers while laying a stronger foundation for future growth by boosting human capital, promoting trade integration, and addressing the challenges associated with informality,

Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and current policy

Download Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and current policy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Peterson Institute
ISBN 13 : 9780881321364
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (213 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and current policy by : Gary Clyde Hufbauer

Download or read book Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and current policy written by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1990 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: