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International Law And Sea Dumped Chemical Weapons
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Book Synopsis International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons by : Grant Dawson
Download or read book International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons written by Grant Dawson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the two world wars of the twentieth century, governments decided to dispose of unwanted chemical weapons in the world's oceans. The deleterious consequences of this decision for the earth's precious marine environment are now becoming clear. As the issue of sea-dumped chemical weapons cannot be contained by borders, we will all have to deal with the adverse effects on our fragile planetary ecosystem. While states have made some efforts to address the situation, unresolved international legal issues remain. International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons contains a systematic conceptual analysis of the international legal frameworks governing the remediation of sea-dumped chemical weapons. Where deficiencies are found in the law, legal solutions are offered. In addition, practical approaches to the problem are explored. Furthermore, the book argues that solutions to this environmental hazard rely on a holistic awareness-and acceptance-of how humanity's past actions have damaged our ecosystem. Aiming to bring about the necessary will to overcome this challenge, this volume identifies and analyses the problem, offers guidance, and provides hope to the current and succeeding generations so that we can solve the problem of sea-dumped chemical weapons and restore balance to our ecosystem.
Book Synopsis International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons by : Grant Dawson
Download or read book International Law and Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons written by Grant Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a comprehensive legal analysis of the international frameworks governing the remediation of sea-dumped chemical weapons. It offers legal solutions to remedy sea-dumped chemical weapons and practical recommendations that can be put into practice by governments, scientists, industry, and civil society.
Book Synopsis Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions by : A.V. Kaffka
Download or read book Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions written by A.V. Kaffka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarises the materials presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sea-Dumped Chemical Munitions, held in Kaliningrad (Moscow Region), Russia, in January 1995. The conference was sponsored by the NATO Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs in the framework of its outreach programme to develop co-operation between NATO member countries and the Cooperation Partner countries in the area of disarmament technologies. The problem of the ecological threat posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumped in the seas after the Second World War deserves considerable international attention: the amount of these weapons, many of them having been captured from the German Army, is assessed at more than three times as much as the total chemical arsenals reported by the United States and Russia. They were disposed of in the shallow depths of North European seas - areas of active fishing - in close proximity to densely populated coastlines, with no consideration of the long-term consequences. The highly toxic material have time and again showed up, for instance when retrieved occasionally in the fishing nets, attracting local media coverage only. Nevertheless, this issue has not yet been given adequate and comprehensive scientific analysis, the sea-disposed munitions are not covered by either the Chemical Weapons Convention or other arms control treaties. In fact, the problem has been neglected for a long time on the international level. Only recently were official data made available by the countries which admitted conducting dumping operations.
Book Synopsis European Disposal Operations by : H. Lindsey Arison III
Download or read book European Disposal Operations written by H. Lindsey Arison III and published by H. Lindsey Arison III. This book was released on 2014-03-07 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ticking Time Bomb. Between 1946 and 1990, on the order of 754,975 tons (over 1.5 billion pounds or 684 million kilograms) of chemical weapons were disposed in European waters. At least 21 European Nations are now potentially at risk because of the expected toxic effect on marine life and the food chain. Critical research revealed in over 400 print pages contains 111 images including 23 declassified TOP SECRET, SECRET, CONFIDENTIAL, and RESTRICTED documents, 40 photographs, and 17 maps. Principal Chapters: - Evolution of Plans for the Disposition of Captured Chemical Weapons - Accounting of All Captured Chemical Weapons - Accounting of All Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons - Locations of the Scuttled Ships - Estimated Total Chemical Warfare Agents Disposed in European Waters - Legal Responsibilities of States - Conclusion and The Imperative for an International Strategy “Bottom Line”: The environmental and public health problems facing European nations incident to the anticipated release of potentially massive amounts of slowly hydrolyzing nerve and blister agents into the marine environment are more critical and urgent than generally supposed. Increased incidents of human and marine injury in recent years have convinced many the threat of chemical poisons leaking from the deteriorating shells, canisters, and containers on the ocean floor is an imminent and insoluble problem. The fundamental premise of this study is that when the these sea disposals occurred, dumping of toxic CW into the ocean was the preferred disposal method and was not an act of malevolence or ill will. Such dumping was not prohibited and the effect on the environment was simply not considered important at that time. It is therefore not the intent of this book to affix blame or culpability. Rather, a detailed analysis of principal findings underscores the imperative for an international strategy and a proposal for international collaboration and cooperation in addressing the potential problem is advanced.
Book Synopsis International Law and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction by : Daniel Joyner
Download or read book International Law and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction written by Daniel Joyner and published by Oxford Monographs in Internati. This book was released on 2009 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text analyses the international law and international organisations that have been constructed to regulate the worldwide proliferation of weapons technologies, particularly those that have been classified as weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.
Book Synopsis The Sea Disposal of Chemical Weapons by : H. Lindsey Arison, III
Download or read book The Sea Disposal of Chemical Weapons written by H. Lindsey Arison, III and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1946 and 1990, on the order of 754,975 tons (over 1.5 billion pounds or 684 million kilograms) of chemical weapons were disposed in European waters. At least 21 European Nations are now potentially at risk because of the expected toxic effect on marine life and the food chain.Critical research revealed in over 400 print pages contains 111 images including 23 declassified TOP SECRET, SECRET, CONFIDENTIAL, and RESTRICTED documents, 40 photographs, and 17 maps.Principal Chapters:• Evolution of Plans for the Disposition of Captured Chemical Weapons• Accounting of All Captured Chemical Weapons• Accounting of All Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons• Locations of the Scuttled Ships• Estimated Total Chemical Warfare Agents Disposed in European Waters• Legal Responsibilities of States• Conclusion and The Imperative for an International Strategy“Bottom Line”The environmental and public health problems facing European nations incident to the anticipated release of potentially massive amounts of slowly hydrolyzing nerve and blister agents into the marine environment are more critical and urgent than generally supposed. Increased incidents of human and marine injury in recent years have convinced many the threat of chemical poisons leaking from the deteriorating shells, canisters, and containers on the ocean floor is an imminent and insoluble problem. The fundamental premise of this study is that when the these sea disposals occurred, dumping of toxic CW into the ocean was the preferred disposal method and was not an act of malevolence or ill will. Such dumping was not prohibited and the effect on the environment was simply not considered important at that time. It is therefore not the intent of this book to affix blame or culpability.Rather, a detailed analysis of principal findings underscores the imperative for an international strategy and a proposal for international collaboration and cooperation in addressing the potential problem is advanced. THIS IS THE BLACK & WHITE VERSION.THE FULL COLOR VERSION IS ALSO AVAILABLE.Key Links:• The Institute for Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons:http://www.isdcw.org• Facebook Sites: o Book: “The Sea Disposal of Chemical Weapons”: http://www.facebook.com/TSDCW o Institute for Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons: http://www.facebook.com/157185534305736
Book Synopsis The Chemical Weapons Convention by : Walter Krutzsch
Download or read book The Chemical Weapons Convention written by Walter Krutzsch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemical Weapons Convention is one of the cornerstone disarmament and arms control agreements, and the only global and comprehensive disarmament treaty that is being verified by an international agency. This Commentary assesses the provisions of the Convention and its implementation, with cross-cutting chapters providing a broader analysis.
Book Synopsis Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons by : A. V. Kaffka
Download or read book Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons written by A. V. Kaffka and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dumped chemical weapons in the sea by :
Download or read book Dumped chemical weapons in the sea written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dumped Chemical Weapons in the Sea; Options by : Egbert Klaas Duursma
Download or read book Dumped Chemical Weapons in the Sea; Options written by Egbert Klaas Duursma and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-24 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baltic Sea *Although leaked chemical warfare (CW) gases rapidly hydrolyse in sea water, potential risks of serious contamination will exist for many decades for sailors, fishermen and coastal visitors of the Baltic Sea, in particular concerning contact with lumps of mustard gas. *Since 72% of the CW agents is contained in aircraft bombs, which are already in various stages of corrosion and 63% of all CW agents is S-mustard gas, the loss by lumps of mustard, spread over the seabed in the neighbourhood of dump sites, represents the greatest danger. *There remain sites at risk outside the Allied Forces dump sites, since during the disposal procedures before 1948, ammunition was thrown overboard between the discharge ports of Wolfgast and Peenemunde and the dump sites east of Bornholm and south of Gotland. *Blue prints of emergency plans should be available in order to confine, bury or destroy ammunition at risk. Skagerak *Most dumped CW ammunition is contained in deliberately sunken vessels. *Implosion of the chemical weapon's cargo in these vessels, due to its own weight, may increase loss of CW agents, in particular from corroded aircraft bombs. *Several wrecked ships have been located outside the dump site as indicated on the nautical charts. *Steps should be taken to sarcophage the wrecked ships in order to avoid an eventual contamination of the eastern North Sea and coastal waters of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. General *Although the Helsinki Commission, through its ad hoc Working Group HELCOM CHEMU has correctly evaluated the present risks of the dumped CW ammunition, it is obvious that the authorities of the Baltic States and Norway should be prepared to act jointly in emergency situations.
Book Synopsis Dumped Chemical Weapons in the Sea by : Boris Trofimovich Surikov
Download or read book Dumped Chemical Weapons in the Sea written by Boris Trofimovich Surikov and published by Environment. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction by :
Download or read book Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction written by and published by Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. This book was released on 1993 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Commentary on the Chemical Weapons Convention by : Walter Krutzsch
Download or read book A Commentary on the Chemical Weapons Convention written by Walter Krutzsch and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook on Marine Environment Protection by : Markus Salomon
Download or read book Handbook on Marine Environment Protection written by Markus Salomon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first of its kind to provide a clear, accessible, and comprehensive introduction to the most important scientific and management topics in marine environmental protection. Leading experts discuss the latest perspectives and best practices in the field with a particular focus on the functioning of marine ecosystems, natural processes, and anthropogenic pressures. The book familiarizes readers with the intricacies and challenges of managing coasts and oceans more sustainably, and guides them through the maze of concepts and strategies, laws and policies, and the various actors that define our ability to manage marine activities. Providing valuable thematic insights into marine management to inspire thoughtful application and further study, it is essential reading for marine environmental scientists, policy-makers, lawyers, practitioners and anyone interested in the field.
Book Synopsis U. S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean by : David M. Bearden
Download or read book U. S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean written by David M. Bearden and published by . This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Armed Forces disposed of chemical weapons in the ocean from World War I through 1970. At that time, it was thought that the vastness of ocean waters would absorb chemical agents that may leak from these weapons. However, public concerns about human health and environmental risks, and the economic effects of potential damage to marine resources, led to a statutory prohibition on the disposal of chemical weapons in the ocean in 1972. For many years, there was little attention to weapons that had been dumped offshore prior to this prohibition. However, the U.S. Army completed a report in 2001 indicating that the past disposal of chemical weapons in the ocean had been more common and widespread geographically than previously acknowledged. The Army cataloged 74 instances of disposal through 1970, including 32 instances off U.S. shores and 42 instances off foreign shores. The disclosure of these records renewed public concern about lingering risks from chemical weapons still in the ocean. Contents of this report: Introduction; History of U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean; Cessation of U.S. Disposal in the Ocean; Potential Risks from Disposal in the Ocean; Relevant Scientific Studies in Europe and Russia; Response Options and Issues; Response Authorities: CERCLA; Clean Water Act; RCRA; Legislation Enacted in the 109th Congress; Conclusion. Table. This is a print on demand report.
Book Synopsis One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences by : Bretislav Friedrich
Download or read book One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences written by Bretislav Friedrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.
Book Synopsis Geographical Change and the Law of the Sea by : Kate Purcell
Download or read book Geographical Change and the Law of the Sea written by Kate Purcell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the implications of geographical change for maritime jurisdiction under the law of the sea. In a multistranded intervention, it challenges existing accounts of the consequences of climate-related change for entitlement to maritime space, maritime limits, and international maritime boundaries. It also casts new light on the question of whether a loss of habitable land and large-scale population displacement will precipitate a loss of territorial sovereignty and the legal 'extinction' of affected States. This study of the legal significance of geographical change is grounded in an in-depth study of the role of geography in the law of the sea. As well as offering a new perspective on the pressing question of how climate change will affect maritime jurisdiction, territorial sovereignty, and statehood, the book contributes to the scholarship on maritime delimitation and international boundaries generally (on land and at sea). It includes an analysis of the principle of intertemporal law that suggests a useful framework for considering questions of stability and change in international law more broadly. This rigorous and original study will be of value to anyone concerned with the implications of climate-related change for maritime jurisdiction, territorial sovereignty, and statehood. Its broader analysis of the existing law and engagement with a range of doctrinal debates through the lens of the question of geographical change will be of interest to scholars and practitioners of the law of the sea, the law of territory, and the law relating to international boundaries.
