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Interleukin 2 In The In Vitro Generation And In Vivo Effectiveness Of Tumor Specific T Lymphocytes Microform
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Book Synopsis Interleukin 2 in the in Vitro Generation and in Vivo Effectiveness of Tumor Specific T Lymphocytes [microform] by : Gordon B. Mills
Download or read book Interleukin 2 in the in Vitro Generation and in Vivo Effectiveness of Tumor Specific T Lymphocytes [microform] written by Gordon B. Mills and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to respond to a foreign challenge, cells of the immune system must recognize the pathogen as foreign and must also receive a "second signal'. Both signals are required to induce the proliferation and differentiation of effector cells. Malignant disease in the otherwise immunocompetent host could escape immune control through failure to recognize tumor cells as foreign or through lack of the required "second signal". Previous work suggested that Interleukin 2 may be one of the second signals stimulating immune cells. Failure of Interleukin 2 production or action may allow malignant cells to escape the immune system. Therefore, an attractive method of immunotherapy would be to increase the positive immunoregulatory action of IL2 in vivo. Unfortunately, methods for modulating Interleukin action in vivo are not available. Therefore, removing lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice, culturing them with exogenous Interleukin 2 and, subsequently, reinfusing the programed cells into tumor-bearing mice was explored as a model of a possible immunotherapeutic technique. Spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice contain populations of precursor cells reactive to autologous tumor. Culture of these cells with exogenous Interleukin 2 generated a population of helper lymphocytes able to recruit host anti-tumor activity. Culture with IL2 also generated two populations of lymphocytes directly cytotoxic to tumor cells. One of the populations of cytotoxic lymphocytes, generated by culture with Interleukin 2 and autologous tumor, was relatively specific to the sensitizing tumor. These are probably "classical" cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The second population of cytotoxic cells, generated by culture with Interleukin 2 alone, demonstrated a broader spectrum of anti-tumor reactivity. Identifying the origin of the cell responsible for this non-specific activity has proven to be difficult. The broad spectrum of activity, the lack of requirement for antigen sensitization, and the lack of H2 restriction are appropriate for "natural killer" cells; whereas, the time course of activation and the surface marker phenotype are appropriate for "classical" cytotoxic lymphocytes. The precursors of both cytolytic cell populations, described above, are significantly increased in tumor-bearing animals. This suggests that tumor recognition occurs in tumor-bearing animals but that the "second signal" required for proliferation and differentiation is not present or not received. Interleukin 2 can provide this signal at least in vitro. Culture of peripheral blood cells from ovarian cancer patients with either human IL2 or murine IL2 generated cytotoxic lymphocytes which were active against autologous tumor. In the immunotherapy of murine tumors, the cytotoxic lymphocyte containing populations were most effective if given shortly after injection of the tumor. The response was dose related. Repeated injections were more effective than single injections. The cultured cells homed poorly to the tumor, therefore injection directly into the tumor site was more effective than intravenous administration. Therapy with cytotoxic lymphocytes was synergistic with surgical therapy of CaD2 tumors. Therapy with cytotoxic lymphocyte containing populations consistently improved the survival of mice with intraperitoneal P815 tumors. Despite the improved survival of mice following therapy, there were few long term survivors. Therapy with cytotoxic lymphocyte containing populations cured some mice with subcutaneous P815 tumors. The mice that died of the tumor did not demonstrate an improvement in survival times compared to untreated mice. Mice cured of the P8 15 tumor by treatment with cytotoxic lymphocyte containing preparations remain tumor-immune. There were no significant detrimental side effects of therapy with cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Book Synopsis Interleukin-2 and Killer Cells in Cancer by : Eva Lotzova
Download or read book Interleukin-2 and Killer Cells in Cancer written by Eva Lotzova and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first-and only-publication available which provides the most recent information in this particular field of biomedicine. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-2 activated killer cells have been shown to have a potential in the treatment of a variety of human malignant diseases. This work comprehensively summarizes basic aspects of IL-2 as well as its clinical application, therefore making all these aspects easily accessible to the readers. Because of the clinical significance of this molecule in the treatment of cancer, the basic and clinical investigations in the IL-2 field are rapidly expanding, together with the interest of the scientific and medical community. This book is an excellent educational and teaching tool for scientists, clinicians, and students. Those who already have expertise in research in the IL-2 area will find this reference indispensible.
Book Synopsis The role of interleukin-2 in the treatment of cancer patients by : J. Wagstaff
Download or read book The role of interleukin-2 in the treatment of cancer patients written by J. Wagstaff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recombinant human interleukin-2 became available for clinical use in the mid 1980s. Recent years have seen an enormous amount of clinical research with this cytokine and interleukin-2 has now been registered for use in a number of European countries for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This book is designed to provide the clinical oncologist wishing to use interleukin-2 with a basic background concerning the biology of the agent, a discussion concerning practical aspects, of its clinical use including management of toxicity and an overview of the clinical results together with a description of how this internesting cytokine might be developed in the future.
Download or read book Interleukin 2 written by Kendall A Smith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interleukin 2 focuses on interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its impact on immunology. Topics covered include IL-2's mechanism of action, the structure of the IL-2 receptor, the characteristics of natural and recombinant human IL-2, regulation of IL-2 production by the T cell antigen receptor, how IL-2 binding induces the transcription of a novel set of genes, and the pathological roles of IL-2 receptor inducers in adult T cell leukemia. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with a historical overview of IL-2, from the discovery of soluble mitogenic factors in culture media of stimulated lymphocytes to the discovery of IL-2 as the molecule responsible for stimulating T cell proliferation. The physicochemical and biological properties of purified recombinant IL-2 are then described, paying particular attention to natural IL-2 derived from human peripheral blood leukocytes. The chapters that follow discuss the different techniques used to gain insight into the functionally important regions of IL-2, the role of the T cell antigen receptor in regulating the production of IL-2, and the structure of the human high-affinity IL-2 receptor. The book also describes transmembrane signaling by IL-2, IL-2-inducible gene expression in T lymphocytes, abnormal IL-2 receptor expression in adult T cell leukemia, the use of IL-2 receptors in immunosuppressive therapy, and the use of IL-2 as a pharmacologic reagent. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in immunology and biochemistry.
Book Synopsis The Biology and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-2 by : Robert C. Rees
Download or read book The Biology and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-2 written by Robert C. Rees and published by IRL Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular structure of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and that of its receptor subunits provide a basis for understanding lymphocyte activation by IL-2 and the generation of effector cells capable of mediating cytotoxicity towards tumors. This book provides an up-to-date account of IL-2, its effect on lymphocyte function, and clinical applications. Internationally know experts review the molecular aspects of cell signalling, giving insight on the in vivo pathways of activation likely to be important in determining clinical responses. They also examine the use of cytokines, particularly IL-2, in the treatment of cancer, and describe the results of recent clinical trials using IL-2, as well as of adoptive cell therapy. Providing a clear account of recent progress, the book also reviews the problems involved in attempting to improve the therapeutic benefit of IL-2, along with the importance of mechanisms which subverse IL-2 responses. This is the most up-to-date account of molecular research and clinical trials in this area, and will be of great benefit to students and researchers in immunology, pharmacology, biochemistry, and oncology who are interested in this vitally important topic.
Book Synopsis Initial Study of the Role of Native Interleukin-15 in Generating Tumor-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in a Dendritic Cell-mediated Ex Vivo System by : Mulin Ye
Download or read book Initial Study of the Role of Native Interleukin-15 in Generating Tumor-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in a Dendritic Cell-mediated Ex Vivo System written by Mulin Ye and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The in Vitro Generation and Long-term Culture of Tumor-specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by : S. Gillis
Download or read book The in Vitro Generation and Long-term Culture of Tumor-specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes written by S. Gillis and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadiana written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy by : Glenn Dranoff
Download or read book Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy written by Glenn Dranoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between tumors and their immunologic microenvironment is complex, difficult to decipher, but its understanding is of seminal importance for the development of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses tumor-immune interactions in several human cancers that illustrate various aspects of this complexity and proposes an integrated scheme of the impact of local immune reactions on clinical outcome. Current active immunotherapy trials have shown durable tumor regressions in a fraction of patients. However, clinical efficacy of current vaccines is limited, possibly because tumors skew the immune system by means of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inflammatory type 2 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), all of which prevent the generation of effector cells. To improve the clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines in patients with metastatic disease, we need to design novel and improved strategies that can boost adaptive immunity to cancer, help overcome Tregs and allow the breakdown of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Book Synopsis Immunoneurology by : Michel Chofflon
Download or read book Immunoneurology written by Michel Chofflon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A considerable amount of information has been gathered in the field of immunoneurology over recent years. This knowledge about modifications in the pathways of neuroimmune diseases has enabled the development of new therapies. In this volume leading experts present the state of the art in the field, covering all aspects from basic science to the development of better therapies.
Download or read book Bacterial Biofilms written by Tony Romeo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
Book Synopsis Multiple Myeloma by : Thomas Moehler
Download or read book Multiple Myeloma written by Thomas Moehler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple myeloma is currently still an incurable disease, but during the past decade knowledge of its molecular pathogenesis has increased rapidly. This has led to remarkable progress in both diagnosis and therapy, including in particular the approval of novel and first-in-class drugs such as thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide. This book, written by internationally acknowledged experts, covers a wide range of topics relating to multiple myeloma, including history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, staging, and prognostic systems. The principal focus, however, is on therapy, with detailed information on the various promising treatment options which give hope that this cancer will be transformed into a chronic disease or even become curable. Individualized therapy and the variety of supportive treatment options, as described in this volume, will help in achieving this goal, as well as in reducing adverse events and improving quality of life.
Book Synopsis Multimodal Concepts for Integration of Cytotoxic Drugs by : Martin J. Brown
Download or read book Multimodal Concepts for Integration of Cytotoxic Drugs written by Martin J. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this book summarizes the rationale and the preclinical data for combined treatment with ionizing radiation and pharmaceutical agents. Individual chapters focus on forms of combined treatment, with due consideration being given to a range of drugs and to emerging combinations with small molecules and antibodies. The second part comprises a series of disease-specific chapters in which the clinical results of combined modality treatment are presented.
Download or read book Gene Therapy written by Mauro Giacca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I entered the gene therapy field in the mid-1990s, being fascinated by the immense potential of genes as drugs for the treatment of human disease. Since then, I have experienced the ups and downs of this discipline, and tried to contribute with my work and that of my laboratory to the development of innovative approaches to the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. During these years, I have had several opp- tunities to speak on gene therapy at lectures and academic lessons, and have often noticed that the field is very attractive to scientists of all disciplines. However, as yet no comprehensive book on the subject has been published. Indeed, most books in the field are either a collection of gene transfer laboratory protocols or deal with the subject in a rather superficial manner. Hence the idea to write a gene therapy textbook that is broad and comprehensive, but at the same time provides sufficient molecular and clinical detail to be of interest to students, professors, and specialists in the various disciplines that contribute to gene therapy. I have tried to keep the language plain and, whenever possible, non-technical. Since the book is intended to be a textbook in the field of gene therapy in both the basic science and clinical areas, whenever technical descriptions are required, they are provided.
Book Synopsis Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by : Heinrich Klefenz
Download or read book Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Heinrich Klefenz and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-04-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on pharmaceutical biotechnology as a key area of life sciences. The complete range of concepts, processes and technologies of biotechnology is applied in modern industrial pharmaceutical research, development and production. The results of genome sequencing and studies of biological-genetic function are combined with chemical, micro-electronic and microsystem technology to produce medical devices and diagnostic biochips. A multitude of biologically active molecules is expanded by additional novel structures created with newly arranged gene clusters and bio-catalytic chemical processes. New organisational structures in the co-operation of institutes, companies and networks enable faster knowledge and product development and immediate application of the results of research and process development. This book is the ideal source of information for scientists and engineers in research and development, for decision-makers in biotech, pharma and chemical corporations, as well as for research institutes, but also for founders of biotech companies and people working for venture capital corporations.
Book Synopsis Production, Quality Control and Clinical Applications of Radiosynovectomy Agents by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Production, Quality Control and Clinical Applications of Radiosynovectomy Agents written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals play a major role in today's nuclear medicine with a positive impact on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. One area of application is radiation synovectomy (RSV).
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Aluminum (Update) by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Aluminum (Update) written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001-02 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides information about aluminum and the human health effects of exposure. This chemical has been found in many sites identified by the EPA for long-term Federal cleanup activities. The report includes a Public Health Statement which explains the toxicologic properties of aluminum in a nontechnical, Q&A format, and a review of the general health effects observed following exposure; a description of health effects; how the chemical can affect children; and information on its chemical and physical properties, production, use and disposal, potential for human exposure, analytical methods, and regulations and advisories.
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