Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Integrated Dry No3 So2 Emissions Control System Baseline Test Report November 11 December 15 1991
Download Integrated Dry No3 So2 Emissions Control System Baseline Test Report November 11 December 15 1991 full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Integrated Dry No3 So2 Emissions Control System Baseline Test Report November 11 December 15 1991 ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Baseline Test Report, November 11--December 15, 1991 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Baseline Test Report, November 11--December 15, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology Ill demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low sulfur western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate 70 percent reductions in NOx and S02 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) urea injection for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high sulfur coal will also be tested. This report documents the first baseline test results conducted during the program. The baseline tests were conducted with the original burners and auxiliary equipment and represent the unmodified boiler emissions. The burner design of Arapahoe Unit 4 results in relatively high NOx levels ranging from 740 to 850 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) over the load range. Excess air level was the primary factor influencing NOx emissions. During normal boiler operations, there was a wide range in NOx emissions, due to the variations of excess air, boiler load and other, secondary parameters. SO2 emissions ranged from 350 to 600 ppM (corrected to 3% O2, dry) and reflected variations in the coal sulfur content.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 4, October 1--December 31, 1991 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 4, October 1--December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC22-91PC90550 dated march 11, 1991, Public Service Company of Colorado has prepared the following quarterly report for Phases I, IIA, and IIB of the Integrated Dry Nox/SO2 Emissions Control System Project. This project includes low NOx burners with NOx ports (post firing air injection), humidification and dry sorbent injection.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 2, April 1--June 30, 1991 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 2, April 1--June 30, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A per the DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC22-91PC90550 dated March 11, 1991, Public Service Company of Colorado has prepared the following quarterly report for Phase I, IIA, and IIB of the Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System Project. This project includes Low NOx Burners with post firing air injection, humidification, and dry sorbent injection. This quarterly report covers the quarterly period April, May, and June, 1991. This report covers project activities for the second three months period of the project.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Baseline SNCR Test Report, February 4--March 6, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Baseline SNCR Test Report, February 4--March 6, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOxSO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low sulfur western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be tested. This report documents the second test phase of the program. This second test phase was comprised of the start up of the SNCR system followed by a brief parametric test series. Time constraints due to the retrofit schedule precluded optimizing the SNCR system. Testing investigated both urea and aqueous ammonia as SNCR chemicals. Other parameters investigated included boiler load, the amount of chemical injected, as well as injection parameters (injection location, amount of mixing air, dilution water flow, and injector orifice sizes). NOx removals of nominally 35 percent could be obtained with both chemicals while maintaining ammonia slip levels less than 10 ppM at full load. At higher chemical injection rates (nominal N/NO molar ratios of 1.5 to 2.0), NOx reductions in the range of 60 to 70 percent were achieved, but with unacceptable levels of NH3 slip. For a given level of NOx reduction, ammonia slip was lower with aqueous ammonia injection than with urea. The test program also confirmed prior observations that (1) the optimum temperature for NOx reduction with ammonia is lower than with urea, and (2) N2O emissions as a by-product of the SNCR process are lower for ammonia compared to urea.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 5, January 1--March 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 5, January 1--March 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DSI system design is approximately eighty percent completed. About eighty percent of the materials have been purchased for erection and setup of the DSI system. Most of the equipment and supply purchases have been made for the DCS. The Unit 4 outage started March 20, 1992 for the installation of the remaining project equipment. overall field construction activities continued on the flyash, boiler, dry sorbent injection and humidification systems. Noell performed startup and testing activities for the urea injection system. FERCO completed baseline urea injection tests March 6, 1992. Preliminary analyses were reviewed at a project review meeting on March 11, 1992. The HVAC platform and duct work for the DCS was installed. B & W mobilized on site. Demolition and construction activities began to support the future installation of the low NO, burners and ports. CSM completed the batch reactor vessel. The sorbent and flyash silos were erected for the DSI system. The humidification building was erected and piping for the fly ash silo started.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 6, April 1--June 30, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 6, April 1--June 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Quarterly Report summarizes the Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System Project (DOE Agreement No. DE-FC22-91PC90550) progress for the months of April, May, and June 1992. Public Service Company of Colorado (P̀̀SCC)̀̀ activities focused on construction of all systems for the project. The unit was off-line for installation of the project equipment from March 20, 1992 through May 30, 1992. A short summary of the items completed are listed. Construction activities centered on boiler modifications to install the new burners and the overfire air system. A major milestone was achieved when the boiler was successfully hydrotested on April 18, 1992. Gas burners were fired on May 27, 1992 and the unit was operating on coal May 30, 1992 at 5OMWe. Startup went was very smooth. with only minor modifications required. Significant progress was made on construction of the dry sorbent injection system this quarter. All equipment has been set and most piping is complete. All work on the humidification system, other than painting and insulation, was completed.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 1, January 1--March 31, 1991 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 1, January 1--March 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This projects̀ goal is to demonstrate the removal up to 70% of the NOx and 70% of the SO2 emissions from coal fired utility boilers. It will establish an alternative emissions control technology integrating a combination of several processes, while minimizing capital expenditures and limiting waste production to dry solids that are handled with convention ash removal equipment. These processes include low-NOx burners and urea injection for NOx control, sodium- or calcium-based sorbent injection for SO2 control, and flue gas humidification to enhance the reactivity of the SO2 control compound.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 3, July 1--September 30, 1991 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Quarterly Report No. 3, July 1--September 30, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This projects̀ goal is to demonstrate the removal up to 70% of the NOx and 70% of the SO2 emissions from coal fired utility boilers. It will establish an alternative emissions control technology integrating a combination of several processes, while minimizing capital expenditures and limiting waste production to dry solids that are handled with conventional ash removal equipment. These processes include low-NOx burners, NOx ports and urea injection for NOx control, sodium or calcium based sorbent injection for SO2 control, and flue gas humidification to enhance the reactivity of the SO2 control compound.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System Program, is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) and duct humidification for SO2 removal. This report documents the final phase of the test program, in which the overall performance of the integrated system was evaluated. Previous testing has shown that the goal of 70 percent NOx removal was easily achieved with the combination of low-NOx burners, overfire air, and urea-based SNCR. Similarly, the ability of the sodium-based DSI system to achieve 70 percent SO2 removal was also demonstrated previously. The integrated tests demonstrated the synergistic benefit of operating the SNCR and sodium-based DSI systems concurrently. With the automatic control system set to limit the NH3 emissions to less than 8 ppm, the NO2 emissions from the sodium-based DSI system were reduced by nominally 50 percent compared to operation with the DSI system alone. Comparably, the combined operation reduced NH3 emissions, as reflected by a higher urea injection rate for a fixed NH3 emission limit. With combined DSI and SNCR operation, an ammonia odor problem was encountered around the Unit 4 ash silo (this did not occur with the SNCR system operated alone at comparable NH3 slip levels). This odor problem is attributed to the sodium changing the rate at which NH3 is released from the ash when it is wetted for truck transport to the disposal site.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Final Report, Volume 1 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Final Report, Volume 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) and the Public Services Company of Colorado (PSCo) signed the cooperative agreement for the Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System in March 1991. This project integrates various combinations of five existing and emerging technologies onto a 100 MWe, down-fired, load-following unit that burns pulverized coal. The project is expected to achieve up to 70% reductions in both oxides of nitrogen (NO3 and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Various combinations of low-NO3 burners (LNBs), overfire air (OFA) ports, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), dry sorbent injection (DSI) using both calcium- and sodium-based reagents, and flue-gas humidification are expected to integrate synergistically and control both NO3 and SO2 emissions better than if each technology were used alone. For instance, ammonia emissions from the SNCR system are expected to reduce NO2 emissions and allow the DSI system (sodium-based reagents) to achieve higher removals of SO2. Unlike tangentially or wall-fired units, down-fired require substantial modification to their pressure parts to retrofit LNBs and OFA ports, substantially increasing the cost of retrofit. Conversely, the retrofitting of SNCR, DSI, or humidification systems does not require any major boiler modifications and are easily retrofitted to all boiler types. However, existing furnace geometry and flue-gas temperatures can limit their placement and effectiveness. In particular, SNCR requires injecting the SNCR chemicals into the furnace where the temperature is within a very narrow temperature range.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Low-NO3 Combustion System SNCR Test Report. Test Period, January 11--April 9, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Low-NO3 Combustion System SNCR Test Report. Test Period, January 11--April 9, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2, Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be tested. This report documents the fourth phase of the test program, where the performance of the SNCR system, after the low-NOx combustion system retrofit, was assessed. Previous to this phase of testing, a subsystem was added to the existing SNCR system which allowed on-line conversion of a urea solution to aqueous ammonium compounds. Both convened and unconverted urea were investigated as SNCR chemicals.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Low-NO3 Combustion System Retrofit Test Report. Test Report, August 6--October 29, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Low-NO3 Combustion System Retrofit Test Report. Test Report, August 6--October 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology M demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective NonCatalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be investigated. This report documents the third phase of the test program, where the performance of the retrofit low-NOx combustion system is compared to that of the original combustion system. This third test phase was comprised of an optimization of the operating conditions and settings for the burners and overfire air ports, followed by an investigation of the performance of the low-NOx combustion system as a function of various operating parameters. These parameters included boiler load, excess air level, overfire air flow rate and number of mills in service. In addition, emissions under normal load following operation were compared to those collected during the optimization and parametric performance tests under baseloaded conditions. The low-NOx combustion system retrofit resulted in NOx reductions of 63 to 69 percent, depending on boiler load. The majority of the NOx reduction was obtained with the low-NOx burners, as it was shown that the overfire air system provided little additional NOx reduction for a fixed excess air level. CO emissions and flyash carbon levels did not increase as a result of the retrofit.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Calcium-based Dry Sorbent Injection. Test Report, April 30--November 2, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Calcium-based Dry Sorbent Injection. Test Report, April 30--November 2, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOxSO2 Emissions Control System program, which is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, is being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, which is a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. The effectiveness of the integrated system on a high-sulfur coal will also be investigated. This report documents the fifth phase of the test program, where the performance of the dry sorbent injection of calcium was evaluated as an SO2 removal technique. Dry sorbent injection with humidification was performed downstream of the air heater (in-duct). Calcium injection before the economizer was also investigated. The in-duct calcium sorbent and humidification retrofit resulted in SO2 reductions of 28 to 40 percent, with a Ca/S of 2, and a 25 to 30°F approach to adiabatic saturation temperature. The results of the economizer calcium injection tests were disappointing with less than 10 percent SO2 removal at a Ca/S of 2. Poor sorbent distribution due to limited access into the injection cavity was partially responsible for the low overall removals. However, even in areas of high sorbent concentration (local Ca/S ratios of approximately 6), SO2 removals were limited to 30 percent. It is suspected that other factors (sorbent properties and limited residence times) also contributed to the poor performance.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Sodium-based Dry Sorbent Injection Test Report. Test Period by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System Sodium-based Dry Sorbent Injection Test Report. Test Period written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70% reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low-NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) dry sorbent injection and duct humidification for SO2 removal. This report documents the sixth phase of the test program, where the performance of dry sorbent injection with sodium compounds was evaluated as a SO2 removal technique. Dry sorbent injection was performed in-duct downstream of the air heater (ahead of the fabric filter), as well as at a higher temperature location between the economizer and air heater. Two sodium compounds were evaluated during this phase of testing: sodium sesquicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate. In-duct sodium injection with low levels of humidification was also investigated. This sixth test phase was primarily focused on a parametric investigation of sorbent type and feed rate, although boiler load and sorbent preparation parameters were also varied.
