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Injection Induced Fractures And Polymer Injectivity In Unconsolidated Formations
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Book Synopsis Injection-induced Fractures and Polymer Injectivity in Unconsolidated Formations by : Zihao Li (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Injection-induced Fractures and Polymer Injectivity in Unconsolidated Formations written by Zihao Li (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are often used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and in-situ site remediation. Polymer injectivity is an essential indicator in the project economics. Reduced injectivity due to the high polymer viscosity can be one of the most important challenges in a field polymer flood project, more so than the cost of chemicals. Although injection of viscous polymer is expected to significantly reduce the injectivity, observations from field data of polymer floods often show higher than expected injectivity for viscoelastic HPAM polymers. One explanation for the unexpected injectivity is that the injection pressure may increase above the formation parting pressure (FPP) at which fractures are created from the wellbore. The effects of non-Newtonian rheology on fracture opening and fluid leakoff morphology is largely unexplored compared to Newtonian fluids. Comprehensive studies that explain the polymer-driven fracturing mechanisms are lacking, even in unconsolidated sands. In this study, we study polymer-driven fracture initiation through experiments and numerical simulations. First, we conduct experiments injecting Newtonian, shear-thinning and viscoelastic fluids into a sand-filled Hele-Shaw cell to study fluid invasion and fracturing patterns of sand and injected fluids. The experimental results demonstrate complex fracture patterns depending on injection velocity, fluid viscosity, boundary conditions and fluid rheology. We use digital image correlation to demonstrate that the fracturing mechanism in sand is associated with shear dilation at the tip of fracture and fracture offshoots. Compared to Newtonian fluids, shear-thinning fluids cause thinner fracture openings and more leakoff. Injecting viscoelastic fluid into sand creates a more irregular leakoff pattern, with fluid sometimes leaking mostly at the fracture tip for high injection rates. Second, we investigate the mechanisms behind polymer-driven fractures in cohesionless granular media by coupling the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at the pore/grain scale. Fluid injection can initiate a fracture orthogonal to the minimum principal stress, as expected, through viscous drag forces. However, the displacement field around the fracture is much more complex than what is expected for a linear elastic solid, showing that (1) fracture propagation requires small leak-off (a few times the fracture width) and (2) localized shear deformation ahead of the fracture tip affects fracture morphology. Finally, we simulate the injection of the polymer into the unconsolidated sand. Polymer injection can create fractures in the granular media along the direction perpendicular to the minimum principal stress, thereby reducing wellbore pressure buildup at a constant polymer injection rate. Polymer rheology, water quality, and undissolved polymer also affect the polymer injectivity. This work shows the initiation of polymer-driven fractures in a granular model and demonstrate its implications on polymer injectivity
Book Synopsis Diagnosis of Induced Hydraulic Fractures During Polymer Injection by : Yiwei Ma (M.S.E.)
Download or read book Diagnosis of Induced Hydraulic Fractures During Polymer Injection written by Yiwei Ma (M.S.E.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer transport with complex fluid rheology was implemented into an existing hydraulic fracturing simulator (CFRAC), and the implementation was extensively validated. Shear thinning viscosity was included for polymer fluid flow in both porous media and fractures. Shear thickening viscosity was implemented for flow in the matrix. Polymer injections were simulated to investigate the effect of polymer rheology, including both shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors, on polymer injectivity and on the possibility of induced hydraulic fracturing. The results indicated that shear thickening decreases injectivity and can induce initiation of hydraulic fractures. The hydraulic fractures substantially enhance injectivity, and eliminate the reduction in injectivity due to shear thickening. Pressure fall off tests were simulated to study the effect of polymer rheology on the identification of hydraulic fractures from the shut-in transient after shut-in. The results showed that standard methods from pressure transient analysis can be applied to diagnose the presence hydraulic fracturing by identifying a linear flow regime and fracture closure on a Bourdet derivative plot and a square root of time plot. It was found that these methods are effective regardless of shear thickening and shear thinning rheology. However, the results suggested that if the fracture is small and closes quickly, this could cause difficulty for the diagnosis.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis of Induced Hydraulic Fractures During Polymer Injection by : Yiwei Ma
Download or read book Diagnosis of Induced Hydraulic Fractures During Polymer Injection written by Yiwei Ma and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer transport with complex fluid rheology was implemented into an existing hydraulic fracturing simulator (CFRAC), and the implementation was extensively validated. Shear thinning viscosity was included for polymer fluid flow in both porous media and fractures. Shear thickening viscosity was implemented for flow in the matrix. Polymer injections were simulated to investigate the effect of polymer rheology, including both shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors, on polymer injectivity and on the possibility of induced hydraulic fracturing. The results indicated that shear thickening decreases injectivity and can induce initiation of hydraulic fractures. The hydraulic fractures substantially enhance injectivity, and eliminate the reduction in injectivity due to shear thickening. Pressure fall off tests were simulated to study the effect of polymer rheology on the identification of hydraulic fractures from the shut-in transient after shut-in. The results showed that standard methods from pressure transient analysis can be applied to diagnose the presence hydraulic fracturing by identifying a linear flow regime and fracture closure on a Bourdet derivative plot and a square root of time plot. It was found that these methods are effective regardless of shear thickening and shear thinning rheology. However, the results suggested that if the fracture is small and closes quickly, this could cause difficulty for the diagnosis.
Book Synopsis SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering by :
Download or read book SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Petroleum Abstracts. Literature and Patents by :
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts. Literature and Patents written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reservoir Formation Damage by : Faruk Civan
Download or read book Reservoir Formation Damage written by Faruk Civan and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2023-04-07 with total page 1097 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Formation Damage: Fundamentals, Modeling, Assessment, and Mitigation, Fourth Edition gives engineers a structured layout to predict and improve productivity, providing strategies, recent developments and methods for more successful operations. Updated with many new chapters, including completion damage effects for fractured wells, flow assurance, and fluid damage effects, the book will help engineers better tackle today's assets. Additional new chapters include bacterial induced formation damage, new aspects of chemically induced formation damage, and new field application designs and cost assessments for measures and strategies. Additional procedures for unconventional reservoirs get the engineer up to date. Structured to progress through your career, Reservoir Formation Damage, Fourth Edition continues to deliver a trusted source for both petroleum and reservoir engineers. - Covers new applications through case studies and test questions - Bridges theory and practice, with detailed illustrations and a structured progression of chapter topics - Considers environmental aspects, with new content on water control, conformance and produced water reinjection
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1983-10 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis SPE Index by : Society of Petroleum Engineers (U.S.)
Download or read book SPE Index written by Society of Petroleum Engineers (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymer Flooding written by W. Littmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-09-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of polymer flooding, an enhanced oil recovery method using water soluble polymers to increase the viscosity of flood water, for the displacement of crude oil from porous reservoir rocks. Although this method is becoming increasingly important, there is very little literature available for the engineer wishing to embark on such a project. In the past, polymer flooding was mainly the subject of research. The results of this research are spread over a vast number of single publications, making it difficult for someone who has not kept up-to-date with developments during the last 10 to 15 years to judge the suitability of polymer flooding to a particular field case. This book tries to fill that gap. The basic mechanisms of the process are described and criteria given where it may be employed. Basic elements of the chemistry of EOR-polymers are provided. The fundamentals of polymer physics, such as rheology, flow in porous media and adsorption, are derived. Practical hints on mixing and testing of polymers in the laboratory are given, as well as instructions for their application in the oil field. Polymer flooding is illustrated by some case histories and the economics of the methods are examined. For the essential subjects, example calculations are added. An indispensable book for reservoir engineers, production engineers and laboratory technicians within the petroleum industry.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sand Control in Well Construction and Operation by : Davorin Matanovic
Download or read book Sand Control in Well Construction and Operation written by Davorin Matanovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced sand causes a lot of problems. From that reasons sand production must be monitored and kept within acceptable limits. Sand control problems in wells result from improper completion techniques or changes in reservoir properties. The idea is to provide support to the formation to prevent movement under stresses resulting from fluid flow from reservoir to well bore. That means that sand control often result with reduced well production. Control of sand production is achieved by: reducing drag forces (the cheapest and most effective method), mechanical sand bridging (screens, gravel packs) and increasing of formation strength (chemical consolidation). For open hole completions or with un-cemented slotted liners/screens sand failure will occur and must be predicted. Main problem is plugging. To combat well failures due to plugging and sand breakthrough Water-Packing or Shunt-Packing are used.
Book Synopsis Journal of Petroleum Technology by :
Download or read book Journal of Petroleum Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transactions of the Society of Petroleum Engineers by :
Download or read book Transactions of the Society of Petroleum Engineers written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SPE Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery by : Patrizio Raffa
Download or read book Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Patrizio Raffa and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
